Mercer County, Ohio

Mercer County
County
Mercer County courthouse
Flag Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Ohio
Ohio's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 40°32′N84°38′W / 40.54°N 84.63°W / 40.54; -84.63
Country	United States
State	Ohio
Founded	January 2, 1824
Named for	Hugh Mercer
Seat	Celina
Largest city	Celina
Area
• Total	473 sq mi (1,230 km2)
• Land	462 sq mi (1,200 km2)
• Water	11 sq mi (30 km2)  2.3%
Population  (2020)
• Total	42,528
• Density	90/sq mi (30/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	5th
Website	www.mercercountyohio.org

Grand Lake St. Marys State Park

Graftonoceras fossil nautiloid, found near Coldwater, southern Mercer County.

Mercer County is located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,528. ^[1] Its county seat is Celina. ^[2] The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1824. ^[3] It is named for Hugh Mercer, an officer in the American Revolutionary War. ^[4]

Mercer County comprises the Celina, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area

History

Mercer County was created in 1820 from land that had been attached to Darke and Shelby counties. Land south of the Greenville Treaty Line was still part of Darke County. An act establishing and fully organizing Mercer County took place on January 2, 1824. In 1837 Van Wert County was detached and the county line established is the current northern border of Mercer County. In 1839 Celina was established as the seat of Mercer County; St. Marys was the previous seat. In 1848 the area south of the Greenville Treaty Line to the current southern county line, was attached. When Auglaize County was formed, Mercer County's eastern border was moved 6 miles (9.7 km) west with the exception of the area south of the Greenville Treaty Line. This created the sharp point at Mercer County's southeast corner and was the last county line modification.

In the mid to late 1800s, Mercer County became home to many German immigrant farming families. Many of these German Americans had immigrated from northwestern Germany.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 473 square miles (1,230 km²), of which 462 square miles (1,200 km²) is land and 11 square miles (28 km²) (2.3%) is water. ^[5] The entire county has an elevation difference of less than 300 feet. The highest point is on the southern county line at 1071 feet above sea level. This is in proximity to the head waters for the Wabash River. The lowest point in the county is 780 feet above sea level. This point is located on the northern county line where the St. Marys River crosses over.

Drainage basins

Mercer County has two rivers running through it; the Wabash and the St. Marys. The Wabash watershed is part of the Gulf of Mexico's watershed. The St. Marys watershed is part of Lake Erie's watershed. Creeks between these two watersheds are within a mile of each other at some places in Mercer County. The summit line that divides the drainage basins is known as the St. Lawrence Continental Divide

Beaver Creek

Beaver Creek is the longest and largest creek in Mercer County. It stretches 19.7 miles and has two sections. The first section begins in southern farmland in the county and flows through the town of Montezuma, Ohio and into Grand Lake St. Marys. The other section of the creek begins as a spillway and empties into the Wabash River. Beaver Creek was originally one piece, but was split into two sections after the construction of Grand Lake. The creeks' spillway, and last section, has been the subject of controversy and multimillion-dollar lawsuits. Farmers along Beaver Creek claim their land floods because of the spillway that was put up in 1997, replacing the previous spillway, built in 1913. ^[6]

See also: Grand Lake St. Marys State Park

Government

Mercer County has a 3-member Board of County Commissioners that oversee the various County departments, similar to all but 2 of the 88 Ohio counties. Mercer County's elected commissioners are: Jerry Laffin, Rick Muhlenkamp, and David Buschur. ^[7]

Adjacent counties

• Adams County, Indiana (northwest)
• Van Wert County (north)
• Auglaize County (east)
• Shelby County (southeast)
• Darke County (south)
• Jay County, Indiana (southwest)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1820	95		—
1830	1,110		1,068.4%
1840	8,277		645.7%
1850	7,712		−6.8%
1860	14,104		82.9%
1870	17,254		22.3%
1880	21,808		26.4%
1890	27,220		24.8%
1900	28,021		2.9%
1910	27,536		−1.7%
1920	26,872		−2.4%
1930	25,096		−6.6%
1940	26,256		4.6%
1950	28,311		7.8%
1960	32,559		15.0%
1970	35,265		8.3%
1980	38,334		8.7%
1990	39,443		2.9%
2000	40,924		3.8%
2010	40,814		−0.3%
2020	42,528		4.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [8] 1790–1960 [9] 1900–1990 [10] 1990–2000 [11] 2020 [1]

2000 census

As of the census ^[12] of 2010, there were 40,814 people, 14,756 households, and 11,022 families living in the county. The population density was 88 inhabitants per square mile (34/km²). There were 15,875 housing units at an average density of 34 units per square mile (13/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.44% White, 0.10% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 14,756 households, out of which 37.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.10% were married couples living together, 7.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.30% were non-families. 22.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.60% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 99.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,742, and the median income for a family was $50,157. Males had a median income of $35,508 versus $22,857 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,531. About 4.60% of families and 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.90% of those under age 18 and 7.80% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 40,814 people, 15,532 households, and 11,172 families living in the county. ^[13] The population density was 88.3 inhabitants per square mile (34.1/km²). There were 17,633 housing units at an average density of 38.1 units per square mile (14.7 units/km²). ^[14] The racial makeup of the county was 97.4% white, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 0.2% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.6% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.5% of the population. ^[13] In terms of ancestry, 58.7% were German, 8.8% were American, 8.3% were Irish, and 6.2% were English. ^[15]

Of the 15,532 households, 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.1% were non-families, and 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.11. The median age was 39.4 years. ^[13]

The median income for a household in the county was $49,719 and the median income for a family was $60,215. Males had a median income of $42,441 versus $31,069 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,348. About 6.3% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over. ^[16]

Politics

Prior to 1940, Mercer County was primarily Democratic, only voting Republican once from 1856 to 1936 for Ohioan Warren G. Harding in 1920. From 1940 to 1968, the county was a Republican-leaning swing county, voting for Republican candidates four times and Democratic candidates three times, although John F. Kennedy came within 5 votes of carrying it in 1960. The 1972 election began the county's streak of being a Republican stronghold presidentially, with the party's margins of victory increasing to well over 50 percent in recent elections.

United States presidential election results for Mercer County, Ohio ^[17]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	19,452	81.79%	4,030	16.94%	302	1.27%
2016	17,506	80.24%	3,384	15.51%	926	4.24%
2012	16,561	76.40%	4,745	21.89%	370	1.71%
2008	15,100	70.90%	5,853	27.48%	346	1.62%
2004	15,650	74.92%	5,118	24.50%	122	0.58%
2000	12,485	68.25%	5,212	28.49%	597	3.26%
1996	8,832	50.03%	6,300	35.69%	2,521	14.28%
1992	8,683	46.82%	4,883	26.33%	4,979	26.85%
1988	11,162	68.54%	4,978	30.57%	146	0.90%
1984	11,542	71.49%	4,422	27.39%	180	1.11%
1980	8,673	56.54%	5,506	35.90%	1,160	7.56%
1976	7,678	51.71%	6,724	45.28%	447	3.01%
1972	8,587	57.60%	5,798	38.89%	522	3.50%
1968	6,313	44.43%	6,801	47.86%	1,095	7.71%
1964	4,373	30.25%	10,081	69.75%	0	0.00%
1960	7,735	50.02%	7,730	49.98%	0	0.00%
1956	9,456	68.88%	4,272	31.12%	0	0.00%
1952	9,058	65.72%	4,725	34.28%	0	0.00%
1948	5,266	47.01%	5,928	52.92%	8	0.07%
1944	7,712	63.04%	4,522	36.96%	0	0.00%
1940	7,905	60.72%	5,114	39.28%	0	0.00%
1936	3,602	27.28%	7,217	54.66%	2,385	18.06%
1932	3,314	27.78%	8,462	70.94%	153	1.28%
1928	5,129	45.29%	6,155	54.34%	42	0.37%
1924	4,215	40.40%	5,135	49.21%	1,084	10.39%
1920	5,692	56.13%	4,404	43.43%	44	0.43%
1916	2,065	33.81%	3,803	62.27%	239	3.91%
1912	1,324	23.30%	3,591	63.19%	768	13.51%
1908	2,148	31.92%	4,456	66.22%	125	1.86%
1904	2,173	38.70%	3,286	58.52%	156	2.78%
1900	2,015	30.69%	4,460	67.93%	91	1.39%
1896	1,991	29.16%	4,790	70.16%	46	0.67%
1892	1,526	25.86%	3,688	62.51%	686	11.63%
1888	1,841	30.01%	4,146	67.58%	148	2.41%
1884	1,384	26.95%	3,728	72.59%	24	0.47%
1880	1,473	30.33%	3,367	69.34%	16	0.33%
1876	1,128	28.39%	2,840	71.48%	5	0.13%
1872	1,026	32.65%	2,090	66.52%	26	0.83%
1868	884	26.97%	2,394	73.03%	0	0.00%
1864	834	30.21%	1,927	69.79%	0	0.00%
1860	832	34.01%	1,606	65.66%	8	0.33%
1856	629	33.07%	1,159	60.94%	114	5.99%

Communities

City

• Celina (county seat)

Villages

• Burkettsville (part)
• Chickasaw
• Coldwater
• Fort Recovery
• Mendon
• Montezuma
• Rockford
• St. Henry

Townships

• Black Creek
• Butler
• Center
• Dublin
• Franklin
• Gibson
• Granville
• Hopewell
• Jefferson
• Liberty
• Marion
• Recovery
• Union
• Washington
• Wayne (defunct, now part of Celina)

Unincorporated communities

• Carthagena
• Cassella
• Chattanooga
• Cranberry Prairie
• Erastus
• Macedon
• Maria Stein
• Mercer
• Padua
• Sebastian

In popular culture

The county is the fictional setting of the Amazon Prime Video series Tales from the Loop . ^[18]

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Mercer County, Ohio

References

1. 2020 census
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. "Ohio: Individual County Chronologies". Ohio Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2007. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
4. "Mercer County data". Ohio State University Extension Data Center. Retrieved April 28, 2007.^{[ dead link ]}
5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
6. "State may be ready to allow lake water out". The Daily Standard. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
7. "Mercer County Commissioners". Mercer County Ohio Homepage. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
8. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
9. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
10. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
11. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
12. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
13. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
14. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
15. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
16. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
17. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
18. Reinstein, Mara (April 3, 2020). "Tales From the Loop Brings Simon Stalenhag's Futuristic Artwork to Life". Architectural Digest . Retrieved April 3, 2020.

External links

• County website
• Mercer County, Ohio American History and Genealogy Project

40°32′N84°38′W / 40.54°N 84.63°W / 40.54; -84.63