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General elections were held in Italy on 5 November, with a second round of voting on 12 November. [1]
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General elections were held in Italy on 5 November, with a second round of voting on 12 November. [1]
The Historical Left was led by the current Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, who became head of the government and early elections were called.
On the other hand, the bloc of the Historical Right was led by Marco Minghetti, former Prime Minister from Bologna.
The election on 5 and 12 November was a snap one, and it came after MPs from Tuscany became dissatisfied with the government of Minghetti following its refusal to intervene in the financial problems of Florence. The government was defeated on a vote on nationalising railways on 18 March 1876 and was forced to resign and Depretis was appointed Prime Minister. [2] For the first time, the left-wing won an election, taking 414 of the 508 seats, of which 12 were extreme left-wingers. [2] As opposed to the previous right-wing governments, whose members were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending, [3] the left-wing government represented the bourgeoisie of the south of the country and supported low taxation, secularism, a strong foreign policy and public jobs. [2]
Only 605,007 men of a total population of around 28 million were entitled to vote. [4]
| Party | Ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Historical Left | Liberalism | Agostino Depretis | |
| Historical Right | Conservatism | Marco Minghetti | |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Historical Left | 243,319 | 70.21 | 414 | +182 | |
| Historical Right | 97,726 | 28.20 | 94 | −182 | |
| Others | 5,530 | 1.60 | 0 | – | |
| Total | 346,575 | 100.00 | 508 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 346,575 | 96.74 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 11,688 | 3.26 | |||
| Total votes | 358,263 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 605,007 | 59.22 | |||
| Source: National Institute of Statistics | |||||
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The Right group, later called Historical Right by historians to distinguish it from the right-wing groups of the 20th century, was an Italian conservative parliamentary group during the second half of the 19th century. After 1876, the Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the left governments. It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left. The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from Anglo-Saxon individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.
The Left group, later called Historical Left by historians to distinguish it from the left-wing groups of the 20th century, was a liberal and reformist parliamentary group in Italy during the second half of the 19th century. The members of the Left were also known as Democrats or Ministerials. The Left was the dominant political group in the Kingdom of Italy from the 1870s until its dissolution in the early 1910s.
The Liberal Constitutional Party was political party in Italy, born from the ashes of the Historical Right to represent the liberal-conservative and anti-Transformist wing of the Italian Parliament. Their members were usually labeled as Constitutionals or Liberal-Conservatives, especially during the leadership of Rudinì and Sonnino.
The Dissident Left, commonly named The Pentarchy for its five leaders, was a progressive and radical parliamentary group active in Italy during the last decades of the 19th century.
The Liberal Union, simply and collectively called Liberals, was a political alliance formed in the first years of the 20th century by the Italian Prime Minister and leader of the Historical Left Giovanni Giolitti. The alliance was formed when the Left and the Right merged in a single centrist and liberal coalition which largely dominated the Italian Parliament.
