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All 596 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 299 seats needed for a majority All 246 elective seats in the Senate 127 seats needed for a majority [a] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 32,434,852 (C) ·29,183,501 (S) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 30,434,681 (C) ·93.8% ( 0.0 pp) 27,425,843 (S) ·93.9% (  0.1 pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1958 Italian general election was held in Italy on 25 May 1958. [1] The number of MPs to be elected was calculated upon the population's size for the last time.
Minor changes were made to the electoral law in 1958, creating a system which would remain unchanged until its abrogation in 1993.
The pure party-list proportional representation was definitely adopted for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.
For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had 9 more members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected: only 5 hoping senators reached this goal. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected.
After De Gasperi's retirement in 1953, Fanfani emerged as the anticipated successor, a role confirmed by his appointment as party secretary from 1954 to 1959. [2] He reorganized and rejuvenated the national party organization of the Christian Democrats after the dependence on the church and the government which had typified the De Gasperi period. [3]
Fanfani's activist and sometimes authoritarian style, as well as his reputation as an economic reformer, ensured that the moderates within the DC, who opposed the state's intrusion into the country's economic life, regarded him with distrust. His indefatigable energy and his passion for efficiency carried him far in politics, but he was rarely able to exploit fully the opportunities that he created. One politician once remarked: "Fanfani has colleagues, associates, acquaintances and subordinates. But I have never heard much about his friends." [4]
| Party | Ideology | Leader | Seats in 1953 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | S | Total | ||||
| Christian Democracy (DC) | Christian democracy | Amintore Fanfani | 263 | 112 | 375 | |
| Italian Communist Party (PCI) | Communism | Palmiro Togliatti | 143 | 52 | 195 | |
| Italian Socialist Party (PSI) | Democratic socialism | Pietro Nenni | 75 | 26 | 101 | |
| Monarchist National Party (PNM) | Monarchism | Alfredo Covelli | 40 | 14 | 54 | |
| Italian Social Movement (MSI) | Neo-fascism | Arturo Michelini | 29 | 9 | 38 | |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) | Social democracy | Giuseppe Saragat | 19 | 4 | 23 | |
| Italian Liberal Party (PLI) | Conservative liberalism | Giovanni Malagodi | 13 | 3 | 16 | |
| Italian Republican Party (PRI) | Republicanism | Oronzo Reale | 5 | 0 | 5 | |
| People's Monarchist Party (PMP) | Monarchism | Achille Lauro | New | |||
The election gave similar results of five years before and, consequently, the same problems of political instability of the centrist formula. Christian Democracy was polarized by a fraction which liked more leftist politics, and another one which urged for a rightist route. Party's secretary Amintore Fanfani was in the first field, and called for a dialogue with the Italian Socialist Party, which had frozen its relationships with the Italian Communist Party after the Hungarian Revolution. Fanfani led a year-term government, but the reaction of the conservative fraction gave the power to Antonio Segni, followed by Fernando Tambroni who received a decisive vote of confidence by the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement. The MSI had been banned by any type of political power since its birth under the theory of the Constitutional Arch , which stated that any government or opposition party which had voted the Italian Constitution, had to refuse any relationship with fascist and monarchist forces, seen as anti-constitutional groups. Strikes and revolts causing some casualties erupted through the country, and Tambroni had to resign. Fanfani returned to the premiership, this time with an openly centre-left programme supported by the socialist abstention. The government created the middle school for workers' sons, and the ENEL after the electric energy nationalisation.
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Christian Democracy | 12,520,207 | 42.35 | 273 | +10 | |
| Italian Communist Party | 6,704,454 | 22.68 | 140 | −3 | |
| Italian Socialist Party | 4,206,726 | 14.23 | 84 | +9 | |
| Italian Social Movement | 1,407,718 | 4.76 | 24 | −5 | |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 1,345,447 | 4.55 | 22 | +3 | |
| Italian Liberal Party | 1,047,081 | 3.54 | 17 | +4 | |
| People's Monarchist Party | 776,919 | 2.63 | 14 | New | |
| Monarchist National Party | 659,997 | 2.23 | 11 | −29 | |
| Italian Republican Party–Radical Party | 405,782 | 1.37 | 6 | +1 | |
| Community Movement | 173,227 | 0.59 | 1 | New | |
| South Tyrolean People's Party | 135,491 | 0.46 | 3 | 0 | |
| Movement for Piedmontese Regional Autonomy | 70,589 | 0.24 | 0 | New | |
| Valdostan Union | 30,596 | 0.10 | 1 | New | |
| Catholic National Resurrection Party | 15,929 | 0.05 | 0 | New | |
| Autonomous Federation of Italian Social Democrats | 9,332 | 0.03 | 0 | New | |
| National Labour Party | 7,183 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Autonomy Piemont-Villarboito Movement | 6,955 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Union of Trieste | 6,661 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Independence Front | 6,305 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Pro-Pensioners Movement | 4,987 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Italian Soldiers' United Front | 4,172 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| European Democratic Concentration | 4,133 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| Independent Divorce Movement | 3,955 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| Sicilian Social Party | 3,136 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| Italian National Movement | 1,499 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| Action-Renewal Movement | 752 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
| Italian Social Economic Movement | 571 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
| Italian Party of Borrowers and War Invalids | 465 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
| Total | 29,560,269 | 100.00 | 596 | +6 | |
| Valid votes | 29,560,269 | 97.13 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 874,412 | 2.87 | |||
| Total votes | 30,434,681 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 32,434,852 | 93.83 | |||
| Source: Ministry of the Interior | |||||
| Constituency | Total seats | Seats won | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DC | PCI | PSI | MSI | PSDI | PLI | PMP | PNM | PRI–PR | Others | ||
| Turin | 26 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Cuneo | 14 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Genoa | 21 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Milan | 39 | 15 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Como | 14 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
| Brescia | 19 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Mantua | 10 | 5 | 3 | 2 | |||||||
| Trentino | 10 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
| Verona | 29 | 18 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Venice | 16 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
| Udine | 14 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Bologna | 27 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Parma | 19 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Florence | 13 | 5 | 6 | 2 | |||||||
| Pisa | 15 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
| Siena | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| Ancona | 19 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Perugia | 13 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
| Rome | 39 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| L'Aquila | 17 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Campobasso | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Naples | 34 | 14 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||
| Benevento | 21 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bari | 22 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Lecce | 18 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Potenza | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Catanzaro | 26 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Catania | 29 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Palermo | 29 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Cagliari | 15 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Aosta Valley | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Trieste | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Total | 596 | 273 | 140 | 84 | 24 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 4 |
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Christian Democracy | 10,780,954 | 41.23 | 123 | +10 | |
| Italian Communist Party | 5,700,952 | 21.80 | 59 | +8 | |
| Italian Socialist Party | 3,682,945 | 14.08 | 35 | +9 | |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 1,164,280 | 4.45 | 5 | +1 | |
| Italian Social Movement | 1,150,051 | 4.40 | 8 | −1 | |
| Italian Liberal Party | 1,012,610 | 3.87 | 4 | +1 | |
| People's Monarchist Party | 774,242 | 2.96 | 5 | New | |
| Monarchist National Party | 565,045 | 2.16 | 2 | −14 | |
| Italian Republican Party – Radical Party | 363,462 | 1.39 | 0 | 0 | |
| MSI – PNM | 291,359 | 1.11 | 0 | 0 | |
| PCI – PSI | 185,557 | 0.71 | 2 | 0 | |
| Community Movement | 142,897 | 0.55 | 0 | New | |
| South Tyrolean People's Party | 120,068 | 0.46 | 2 | 0 | |
| Movement for Piedmontese Regional Autonomy | 61,088 | 0.23 | 0 | New | |
| PSI – PSDI | 43,191 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | |
| Left-wing independents | 28,141 | 0.11 | 1 | +1 | |
| Sardinian Action Party | 25,923 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | |
| Key | 12,686 | 0.05 | 0 | New | |
| Bruno Buitoni | 11,540 | 0.04 | 0 | New | |
| Three Peaks of Lavaredo | 9,928 | 0.04 | 0 | New | |
| Tota Sabina Civitas | 6,449 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| National Monarchist Party | 4,729 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| National Labour Party | 3,588 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| Socialist Unification | 3,110 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| Four-Leaf Clover | 2,818 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| Rural Movement | 2,389 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
| Total | 26,150,002 | 100.00 | 246 | +9 | |
| Valid votes | 26,150,002 | 95.35 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,275,841 | 4.65 | |||
| Total votes | 27,425,843 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 29,183,501 | 93.98 | |||
| Source: Ministry of the Interior | |||||
| Constituency | Total seats | Seats won | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DC | PCI | PSI | MSI | PSDI | PMP | PLI | PNM | Others | ||
| Piedmont | 18 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Aosta Valley | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Lombardy | 33 | 16 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Trentino-Alto Adige | 6 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| Veneto | 20 | 13 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||||
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Liguria | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Emilia-Romagna | 18 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 1 | |||||
| Tuscany | 16 | 7 | 6 | 3 | ||||||
| Umbria | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Marche | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| Lazio | 17 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Abruzzo and Molise | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| Campania | 22 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |||
| Apulia | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Basilicata | 6 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| Calabria | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Sicily | 22 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sardinia | 6 | 4 | 2 | |||||||
| Total | 246 | 123 | 59 | 35 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 5 |
Christian Democracy was a Christian democratic political party in Italy. The DC was founded on 15 December 1943 in the Italian Social Republic as the nominal successor of the Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crusader shield. As a Catholic-inspired, centrist, catch-all party comprising both centre-right and centre-left political factions, the DC played a dominant role in the politics of Italy for fifty years, and had been part of the government from soon after its inception until its final demise on 16 January 1994 amid the Tangentopoli scandals. Christian Democrats led the Italian government continuously from 1946 until 1981. The party was nicknamed the "White Whale" due to its huge organisation and official colour. During its time in government, the Italian Communist Party was the largest opposition party.
Antonio Segni was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the president of Italy from May 1962 to December 1964, and as the prime minister of Italy in two distinct terms between 1955 and 1960.
Mariano Rumor was an Italian politician and statesman. A member of the Christian Democracy (DC), he served as the 39th prime minister of Italy from December 1968 to August 1970 and again from July 1973 to November 1974. As prime minister, he led five different governments, supported by various coalitions.
Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi was an Italian politician and statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.
Amintore Fanfani was an Italian politician and statesman, who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War and a historical figure of the left-wing faction of Christian Democracy. He is also considered one of the founders of the modern Italian centre-left.
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Fernando Tambroni Armaroli was an Italian politician. A member of Christian Democracy, he served as the 36th Prime Minister of Italy from March to July 1960. He also served as Minister of the Interior from July 1955 until February 1959, Minister of Budget and Treasury from February 1959 to March 1960, and Minister of the Merchant Navy from August 1953 until July 1955.
Mario Scelba was an Italian politician and statesman who was the 33rd prime minister of Italy from February 1954 to July 1955. A founder of Christian Democracy (DC), Scelba was one of the longest-serving Minister of the Interior in the history of the republic, having served at the Viminale Palace in three distinct terms from 1947 to 1962.
Giuseppe Pella was an Italian Christian Democratic politician and statesman who served as the 31st prime minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. He was also Minister of Treasury, Budget and of Foreign Affairs during the 1950s and early 1960s. Pella served as President of the European Parliament from 1954 to 1956 after the death of Alcide De Gasperi.
Giovanni Gronchi, was an Italian politician from Christian Democracy who served as the president of Italy from 1955 to 1962 and was marked by a controversial and failed attempt to bring about an "opening to the left" in Italian politics. He was reputed the real holder of the executive power in Italy from 1955 to 1962, behind the various Prime Ministers of this time.
General elections were held in Italy on 18 April 1948 to elect the first Parliament of the Italian Republic.
The 1963 Italian general election was held on Sunday April 28. It was the first election with a fixed number of MPs to be elected, as decided by the second Constitutional Reform in February 1963. It was also the first election which saw the Secretary of Christian Democracy to refuse the office of Prime Minister after the vote, at least for six months, preferring to provisionally maintain his more influent post at the head of the party: this fact confirmed the transformation of Italian political system into a particracy, the secretaries of the parties having become more powerful than the Parliament and the Government.
The 1972 Italian general election was held in Italy on 7 May 1972. The Christian Democracy (DC) remained stable with around 38% of the votes, as did the Communist Party (PCI) which obtained the same 27% it had in 1968. The Socialist Party (PSI) continued in its decline, reducing to less than 10%. The largest increase in vote share was that of the post-fascist Italian Social Movement, which nearly doubled its votes from 4.5% to about 9%, after its leader Giorgio Almirante launched the formula of the National Right, proposing his party as the sole group of the Italian right wing. After a disappointing result of less than 2%, against the 4.5% of 1968, the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity was disbanded; a majority of its members joined the PCI.
The 1979 Italian general election was held in Italy on 3 June 1979. This election was called just a week before the European elections.
The 1983 Italian general election was held in Italy on 26 June 1983. The Pentapartito formula, the governative alliance between five centrist parties, caused unexpected problems to Christian Democracy. The alliance was fixed and universal, extended both to the national government and to the local administrations. Considering that the election result did no longer depend on the strength of the DC, but the strength of the entire Pentapartito, centrist electors began to look at the Christian Democratic vote as not necessary to prevent a Communist success. Moreover, voting for one of the four minor parties of the alliance was seen as a form of moderate protest against the government without giving advantages to the PCI. Other minor effects of this election were a reduction of the referendarian Radical Party and the appearance of some regional forces.
General elections were held in Italy on Sunday 2 and also on Monday 3 June 1946. They were the first after World War II and elected 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. Theoretically, a total of 573 deputies were to be elected, but the election did not take place in the Julian March and in South Tyrol, which were under military occupation by the United Nations.
The Legislature II of Italy was the 2nd legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 25 June 1953 until 11 June 1958. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 7 June 1953.
The Legislature III of Italy was the 3rd legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 12 June 1958 until 15 May 1963. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 25 May 1958.
The Italian regional elections of 1975 were held on 15 and 16 June. The fifteen ordinary regions, created in 1970, elected their second assemblies. Following the 1971 census, Piedmont, Veneto and Lazio had ten more seats each.
Umberto Tupini was an Italian politician. He was minister of public works (1947–1950) in the Government of Italy. He was the mayor of Rome (1956–1958). He served in the Senate of Italy in Legislature I (1948–1953), Legislature II (1953–1958), Legislature III (1958–1963) and Legislature IV (1963–1968). He was a knight grand cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
