42nd parallel north

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42nd parallel north
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The 42nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 42 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

Contents

At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 15 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 6 minutes during the winter solstice. [1]

The earth's rotational speed at this latitude is roughly equal to the speed of sound.

One minute of longitude along the 42nd parallel is approximately 0.7456 nautical miles (0.8580 mi; 1.381 km).

Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 42° north passes through:

Co-ordinatesCountry, territory or seaNotes
42°0′N0°0′E / 42.000°N 0.000°E / 42.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Passing near Laluenga and Laperdiguera (Huesca province)
42°0′N3°11′E / 42.000°N 3.183°E / 42.000; 3.183 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea
42°0′N8°39′E / 42.000°N 8.650°E / 42.000; 8.650 (France) Flag of France.svg  France Island of Corsica
42°0′N9°27′E / 42.000°N 9.450°E / 42.000; 9.450 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea
42°0′N11°58′E / 42.000°N 11.967°E / 42.000; 11.967 (Italy) Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Passing just north of Rome and through Termoli
42°0′N15°0′E / 42.000°N 15.000°E / 42.000; 15.000 (Adriatic Sea) Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea
42°0′N19°9′E / 42.000°N 19.150°E / 42.000; 19.150 (Montenegro) Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro
42°0′N19°23′E / 42.000°N 19.383°E / 42.000; 19.383 (Albania) Flag of Albania.svg  Albania
42°0′N20°37′E / 42.000°N 20.617°E / 42.000; 20.617 (Serbia/Kosovo) Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo or Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Kosovo is a partially recognised state. Some nations consider its territory to be part of Serbia.
42°0′N20°46′E / 42.000°N 20.767°E / 42.000; 20.767 (North Macedonia) Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia Passing through Skopje
42°0′N22°52′E / 42.000°N 22.867°E / 42.000; 22.867 (Bulgaria) Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
42°0′N26°56′E / 42.000°N 26.933°E / 42.000; 26.933 (Turkey) Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
42°0′N27°25′E / 42.000°N 27.417°E / 42.000; 27.417 (Bulgaria) Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
42°0′N27°51′E / 42.000°N 27.850°E / 42.000; 27.850 (Turkey) Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey For about 300 m
42°0′N27°51.42′E / 42.000°N 27.85700°E / 42.000; 27.85700 (Bulgaria) Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria For about 100 m
42°0′N27°51.52′E / 42.000°N 27.85867°E / 42.000; 27.85867 (Turkey) Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey For about 500 m
42°0′N27°52.08′E / 42.000°N 27.86800°E / 42.000; 27.86800 (Bulgaria) Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria
42°0′N28°2′E / 42.000°N 28.033°E / 42.000; 28.033 (Black Sea) Black Sea
42°0′N33°17′E / 42.000°N 33.283°E / 42.000; 33.283 (Turkey) Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
42°0′N33°34′E / 42.000°N 33.567°E / 42.000; 33.567 (Black Sea) Black Sea
42°0′N34°52′E / 42.000°N 34.867°E / 42.000; 34.867 (Turkey) Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
42°0′N35°7′E / 42.000°N 35.117°E / 42.000; 35.117 (Black Sea) Black Sea
42°0′N41°45′E / 42.000°N 41.750°E / 42.000; 41.750 (Georgia) Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia
42°0′N46°5′E / 42.000°N 46.083°E / 42.000; 46.083 (Russia) Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Dagestan - For about 2 km
42°0′N46°7′E / 42.000°N 46.117°E / 42.000; 46.117 (Georgia) Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia For about 3 km
42°0′N46°9′E / 42.000°N 46.150°E / 42.000; 46.150 (Russia) Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Dagestan just south of Derbent
42°0′N48°20′E / 42.000°N 48.333°E / 42.000; 48.333 (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea
42°0′N52°27′E / 42.000°N 52.450°E / 42.000; 52.450 (Kazakhstan) Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan
42°0′N52°48′E / 42.000°N 52.800°E / 42.000; 52.800 (Turkmenistan) Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan
42°0′N54°51′E / 42.000°N 54.850°E / 42.000; 54.850 (Kazakhstan) Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan
42°0′N56°0′E / 42.000°N 56.000°E / 42.000; 56.000 (Uzbekistan) Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan
42°0′N57°10′E / 42.000°N 57.167°E / 42.000; 57.167 (Turkmenistan) Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan
42°0′N60°0′E / 42.000°N 60.000°E / 42.000; 60.000 (Uzbekistan) Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan
42°0′N66°0′E / 42.000°N 66.000°E / 42.000; 66.000 (Kazakhstan) Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan
42°0′N70°20′E / 42.000°N 70.333°E / 42.000; 70.333 (Uzbekistan) Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan
42°0′N70°50′E / 42.000°N 70.833°E / 42.000; 70.833 (Kyrgyzstan) Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan
42°0′N79°50′E / 42.000°N 79.833°E / 42.000; 79.833 (China) Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China Xinjiang
Gansu
Inner Mongolia
42°0′N103°3′E / 42.000°N 103.050°E / 42.000; 103.050 (Mongolia) Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia
42°0′N105°56′E / 42.000°N 105.933°E / 42.000; 105.933 (China) Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China Inner Mongolia
Hebei
Inner Mongolia
Hebei
Inner Mongolia
Hebei
Inner Mongolia
Liaoning
Inner Mongolia
Liaoning
Jilin
42°0′N128°3′E / 42.000°N 128.050°E / 42.000; 128.050 (North Korea) Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea Passing through Heaven Lake on Baekdu Mountain
42°0′N128°29′E / 42.000°N 128.483°E / 42.000; 128.483 (China) Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China Jilin (for about 8 km)
42°0′N128°34′E / 42.000°N 128.567°E / 42.000; 128.567 (North Korea) Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea North Hamgyeong Province - Kaema Plateau
- Passing just north of Cheongjin
Passing just south of Raseon
42°0′N130°2′E / 42.000°N 130.033°E / 42.000; 130.033 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan Passing just south of Okushiri Island, Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
42°0′N140°7′E / 42.000°N 140.117°E / 42.000; 140.117 (Japan) Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Island of Hokkaidō
42°0′N140°53′E / 42.000°N 140.883°E / 42.000; 140.883 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean
42°0′N143°9′E / 42.000°N 143.150°E / 42.000; 143.150 (Japan) Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Island of Hokkaidō
42°0′N143°15′E / 42.000°N 143.250°E / 42.000; 143.250 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean
42°0′N124°13′W / 42.000°N 124.217°W / 42.000; -124.217 (United States) Flag of the United States.svg  United States Oregon / California border
Oregon / Nevada border
Idaho / Nevada border
Idaho / Utah border
Wyoming
Nebraska
Iowa - passing through Cedar Rapids
Illinois - passing through the campus of Loyola University in Chicago
42°0′N87°39′W / 42.000°N 87.650°W / 42.000; -87.650 (Lake Michigan) Lake Michigan
42°0′N86°33′W / 42.000°N 86.550°W / 42.000; -86.550 (United States) Flag of the United States.svg  United States Michigan - passing through Tecumseh
42°0′N83°11′W / 42.000°N 83.183°W / 42.000; -83.183 (Lake Erie) Lake Erie
42°0′N82°58′W / 42.000°N 82.967°W / 42.000; -82.967 (Canada) Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Ontario - passing through Point Pelee National Park
42°0′N82°29′W / 42.000°N 82.483°W / 42.000; -82.483 (Lake Erie) Lake Erie
42°0′N80°26′W / 42.000°N 80.433°W / 42.000; -80.433 (United States) Flag of the United States.svg  United States Pennsylvania (Erie County)
New York / Pennsylvania border
New York
Connecticut - running just south of the border with Massachusetts
Rhode Island - running just south of the border with Massachusetts
Massachusetts
42°0′N70°42′W / 42.000°N 70.700°W / 42.000; -70.700 (Cape Cod Bay) Cape Cod Bay
42°0′N70°5′W / 42.000°N 70.083°W / 42.000; -70.083 (United States) Flag of the United States.svg  United States Massachusetts (Truro, Cape Cod)
42°0′N70°2′W / 42.000°N 70.033°W / 42.000; -70.033 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean
42°0′N8°53′W / 42.000°N 8.883°W / 42.000; -8.883 (Spain) Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Oia (province of Pontevedra, Galicia)
42°0′N8°39′W / 42.000°N 8.650°W / 42.000; -8.650 (Portugal) Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Valença (Viana do Castelo District)
42°0′N8°7′W / 42.000°N 8.117°W / 42.000; -8.117 (Spain) Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Entrimo (province of Ourense, Galicia)
42°0′N3°48′W / 42.000°N 3.800°W / 42.000; -3.800 (Spain) Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Lerma, Province of Burgos (Castile and León)

United States

The 42nd parallel north defining borders between states in the United States 42nd parallel US.svg
The 42nd parallel north defining borders between states in the United States
Crossing the parallel in Girard, Pennsylvania Girard Main Street.jpg
Crossing the parallel in Girard, Pennsylvania

The parallel 42° north forms most of the New York–Pennsylvania border, although due to imperfect surveying in 1785–1786, this boundary wanders around on both sides of the true parallel. The area around the parallel in this region is known as the Twin Tiers.

The 42nd parallel became agreed upon as the northward limit of the Spanish Empire by the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819 with the United States, which established the parallel as the border between the Viceroyalty of New Spain of the Kingdom of Spain and the western territory of the United States of America from the meridian of the headwaters of the Arkansas River west to the Pacific Ocean. [2] The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 then ceded much of what was then northern Mexico to the United States; as a result, the northernmost U.S. states which were created from Mexican territory (California, Nevada, and Utah) have the parallel 42° north as their northern border, and the adjoining U.S. states of Oregon and Idaho have the parallel as their southern border.

The parallel passes through the states of Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, and passes through (or near - within three-tenths degree of latitude) the following cities in the United States:

Canada

42nd parallel landmark at Point Pelee National Park Point Pelee NP 42Parallel sign 2014.jpg
42nd parallel landmark at Point Pelee National Park

The parallel 42° north passes through the southern end of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. Part of the water boundary between Canada and the United States passes south of the 42nd parallel. The southern tip of the Canadian province of Ontario just barely goes south of it at Point Pelee and Pelee Island, while the southernmost portion of the Town of Essex at Colchester is located below the 42nd parallel.

See also

Related Research Articles

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The 41st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 41 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle Island (Lake Erie)</span>

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The 40th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">33rd parallel north</span> Circle of latitude

The 33rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 33 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It is approximate at the midpoint between the equator and the Arctic Circle It crosses North Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean.

The 37th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

The 45th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 45 degrees north of Earth's equator. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. The 45th parallel north is often called the halfway point between the equator and the North Pole, but the true halfway point is 16.0 km (9.9 mi) north of it because Earth is an oblate spheroid; that is, it bulges at the equator and is flattened at the poles.

The 39th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

The 35th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 35 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">10th parallel north</span> Circle of Latitude

The 10th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 10 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Central America, South America and the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">32nd parallel north</span> Circle of latitude

The 32nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 32 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">31st parallel north</span> Circle of latitude

The 31st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 31 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 10 minutes during the summer solstice and 10 hours, 8 minutes during the winter solstice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">52nd parallel north</span> Circle of latitude

The 52nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 52 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

References

  1. "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  2. Nugent, Walter (2008). Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion . Alfred A. Knopf. pp.  161, 166–167. ISBN   978-1-4000-4292-0.