Akkana Basadi

Last updated

Akkana Basadi
View of Akkana Basadi from northeastern side at Shravanabelagola.jpg
Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola town
Religion
Affiliation Jainism
Deity Parshwanath
Festival Mahavir Jayanti
Location
Location Shravanabelagola, Hassan district, Karnataka
Geographic coordinates 12°51′31.84″N76°29′20.61″E / 12.8588444°N 76.4890583°E / 12.8588444; 76.4890583 Coordinates: 12°51′31.84″N76°29′20.61″E / 12.8588444°N 76.4890583°E / 12.8588444; 76.4890583
Architecture
Style Hoysala architecture
CreatorAchala Devi
Date established1181 A.D.

Akkana Basadi (lit, temple of the "elder sister", basadi is also pronounced basti) is a Jain temple (basadi) built in 1181 A.D., during the rule of Hoysala empire King Veera Ballala II. The basadi was constructed by the devout Jain lady Achiyakka (also called Achala Devi), wife of Chandramouli, a Brahmin minister in the court of the Hoysala king. The main deity of the temple is the twenty-third Jain Tirthankar Parshwanath. [1] [2] [3] [4] The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. [5] It is part of an Archaeological Survey of India Adarsh Smarak Monument along with other temples in the Shravanabelagola group of monuments. [6]

Contents

Temple plan

Rear view of Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola Rear view of Akkana Basadi from south west.jpg
Rear view of Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola
Kirtimukha relief on vesara shikhara (tower over shrine) at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola Tower over the shrine with Jain saints under kirtimukha relief in the Akkana Basadi at Shravanabelagola.JPG
Kirtimukha relief on vesara shikhara (tower over shrine) at Akkana Basadi in Shravanabelagola

According to art historian Adam Hardy, the basadi is a simple single shrine with superstructure (ekakuta vimana [7] ) construction with a closed hall ( mantapa ). The material used is Soap stone. [8] The sanctum ( garbhagriha ) that houses the standing image of Tirthankara Parshwanatha (under a seven headed snake canopy) connects to the hall via an antechamber (vestibule or sukanasi). From the outside, the entrance to the hall is through a porch whose awning is supported by lathe turned half pillars. According to art historians Percy Brown and Gerard Foekema, all these features are commonly found in Hoysala temples. [9] [10] According to historian Kamath, the use of Soap stone as basic building material was a technique the Hoysalas adopted from the predecessors, the Western Chalukyas. [11] The temple which faces east is enclosed with in a bounding wall ( prakara ), while the entrance is from the south. Typical of a Jain basadi, the outer walls of the temple are plain, giving it an austere outlook. The temple stands on a base ( adhisthana ) that comprises five moldings. [3]

The tower over the shrine ( shikhara ) is plain. However, on a projection on the east side is a panel sculpture in relief that depicts a saint with his attendants ( yaksha , the benevolent spirits) on either side and a Kirtimukha (imaginary beast) over his head. This is a work of merit. The tower comprises three tiers, each ascending tier diminishing in height. Above the third tier is a dome like structure. This is the largest sculptural piece in the temple with a ground surface area of about 2x2 meters (amalaka, "helmet" like structure). The shape of the dome usually follows that of the shrine (square or star shape). [12] The vestibule also has a short tower which looks like an extension of the main tower over the shrine. Gerard Foekema calls it the "nose" of the main tower. [13] The temple features a 5 feet (1.5 m) idol of Parshvanatha sheltered by seven hooded serpent. The vestibule contains two free sculptures of the yakshas, Dharnendra and Padmavati. [1] The door lintel and jamb of vestibule and the sanctum are decorative and have perforated screens on either side. The hall ceiling is supported by four centrally placed large lathe turned, bell shaped and polished pillars that divide the ceiling into nine "bays". The bay ceilings are rich in relief. [3] [13]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Sangave 1981, p. 19.
  2. ↑ Jain and Jain (1953), p.37
  3. 1 2 3 "Akkana Basti". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  4. ↑ B.L. Rice (1889), p.57 (Chapter:Introduction)
  5. ↑ "Alphabetical List of Monuments – Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  6. ↑ "Adarsh Smarak Monument". Archaeological Survey of India . Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Foekema 1996, p. 25.
  8. ↑ Hardy 1995, p. 343.
  9. ↑ Brown in Kamath (2001), pp.134-135
  10. ↑ Foekema 1996, pp. 21–25.
  11. ↑ Kamath (2001), p.136
  12. ↑ Foekema 1996, p. 27.
  13. 1 2 Foekema 1996, p. 22.

Related Research Articles

Hoysala architecture Medieval Hindu temple style

Hoysala architecture is the building style in Hindu temple architecture developed under the rule of the Hoysala Empire between the 11th and 14th centuries, in the region known today as Karnataka, a state of India. Hoysala influence was at its peak in the 13th century, when it dominated the Southern Deccan Plateau region. Large and small temples built during this era remain as examples of the Hoysala architectural style, including the Chennakesava Temple at Belur, the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu, and the Kesava Temple at Somanathapura. Other examples of Hoysala craftsmanship are the temples at Belavadi, Amruthapura, Hosaholalu, Mosale, Arasikere, Basaralu, Kikkeri and Nuggehalli. Study of the Hoysala architectural style has revealed a negligible Indo-Aryan influence while the impact of Southern Indian style is more distinct.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shravanabelagola</span> Town in Karnataka, India

Shravanabelagola is a town located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka and is 144 km from Bengaluru. The Gommateshwara Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola is one of the most important tirthas in Jainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage of Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad. Chandragupta Maurya is said to have died here in 298 BCE after he became a Jain monk and assumed an ascetic life style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Bhadravati</span>

Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, also referred to as Lakshminarasimha temple of Bhadravati, is a 13th-century Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu, built by the Hoysala ruler Vira Someshwara. It is located in Bhadravati, Shimoga District of Karnataka state, India. The temple opens to the east and has three sanctums, one each dedicated to Venogopala, Lakshminarasimha and Vishnu-Puroshottama. It is notable for its Vesara architecture, with artwork that includes legends and deities of Vaishnavism, as well as those of Shaivism, Shaktism and Vedic deities. Important reliefs include those of Ganesha, Dakshinamurti, Bhairava, Sarasvati, Brahma, Surya, Harihara, and others. The temple's original shikaras were ruined, and have been restored with a conical structure. According to Adam Hardy – a scholar of Indian temple architecture, this temple has two "exceptional" stellate structures highlighting the architectural sophistication of the Hoysalas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli</span>

Panchakuta Basadi is a temple complex located in the Kambadahalli village of the Mandya district, Karnataka state, in southwestern India. It is one of the finest examples of South Indian Dravidian architecture of the Western Ganga variety, related to the Jain faith and iconography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chandragupta basadi</span> Jain temple in Shravanabelagola, India

Chandragupta basadi is one of the smaller basadis located on the Chandragiri Hill in Sravanabelagola in the Indian state of Karnataka. Archaeological Survey of India has listed the Chandragupta basadi in group of monuments in Shravanabelagola as Adarsh Smarak Monument.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bucesvara Temple, Koravangala</span>

Bucesvara temple, also referred to as the Buceswara, Bucheshwara or Bhucheshvara temple, is a 12th-century Hindu temples in Koravangala village, Karnataka, India. The most sophisticated historical temple in the village, it is considered to be the flag-bearer of Hoysala architecture and was built by a wealthy patron named Buchi during the reign of king Ballala.

Kaitabheshvara Temple, Kubatur Hindu temple in Karnataka, India

The Kaitabheshvara temple is located in the town of Kubatur, near Anavatti in the Shimoga district of Karnataka state, India. The temple was constructed during the reign of Hoysala King Vinayaditya around 1100 AD. The Hoysala ruling family was during this time a powerful feudatory of the imperial Western Chalukya Empire ruled by King Vikramaditya VI. According to the Archaeological Survey of India, the architectural signature of the temple is mainly "Chalukyan". Art historian Adam Hardy classifies the style involved in the construction of the temple as "Later Chalukya, non mainstream, far end of spectrum". The building material used is soapstone The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nageshvara-Chennakeshava Temple complex, Mosale</span>

The Nageshvara-Chennakeshava temple complex, sometimes referred to as the Nagesvara and Chennakesava temples of Mosale, are a pair of nearly identical Hindu temples in the village of Mosale near Hassan city, Karnataka, India. One for Shiva, other for Vishnu, this pair is a set of highly ornamented stone temples, illustrating the Hoysala architecture. These temples also include panels of artwork related to the goddess tradition of Hinduism (Shaktism) and Vedic deities. Another notable feature of these temples is the artwork in their ceilings, how the shilpins (artisans) integrated the historic pre-Hoysala architectural innovations from the Chalukya era. Further, the temples include north Indian Bhumija and south Indian Vesara aedicules on the outer walls above the panels. It is unclear when this temple pair was built, but given the style and architectural innovations embedded therein, it was likely complete before 1250 CE.

Kedareshwara Temple, Halebidu Hindu temple in Karnataka, India

Kedareshwara Temple is a Hoysala era construction in the historically important town of Halebidu, in the Hassan district of Karnataka state, India. It is located a short distance away from the famous Hoysaleswara Temple. The temple was constructed by Hoysala King Veera Ballala II and his Queen Ketaladevi, and the main deity is Ishwara. The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Panchalingeshwara Temple, Govindanahalli Hindu temple in Karnataka, India

Panchalingeshwara Temple in Govindanahalli, Mandya district, Karnataka state, India, was constructed around 1238 A.D. during the reign of the Hoysala empire King Vira Someshwara. The name "Panchalingeshwara" literally means "five linga". The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. The famous sculptor of Hoysala times, Ruvari Mallitamma, is known to have made contributions to the temple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rameshvara Temple, Koodli</span>

The Rameshvara temple is a 12th-century Shiva temple in Kudli, Shimoga district, Karnataka India. It is an early non-ornate, Hoysala construction with simpler Vesara style. The village of Koodli – also spelled Kudli, Kudali – was a major town through the 14th-century and of great antiquity, with ruins of over eight major Hindu temples and monasteries. It is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Shimoga city, the district headquarters. The town gets its name because it is situated at the confluence of the Tunga and Bhadra tributaries that form the Tungabhadra river.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saumyakeshava Temple, Nagamangala</span>

The Saumyakeshava temple at Nagamangala was constructed in the 12th century by the rulers of the Hoysala empire. Nagamangala is a town in the Mandya district of Karnataka state, India. It is located 62 km from the historically important town Mysore, on the Srirangapatna-Sira highway. Historically, Nagamangala came into prominence during the rule of Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana when it became an important center of Vaishnava faith and received patronage from one of his queens, Bommaladevi. During the rule of Veera Ballala II, Nagamangala prospered as an agrahara and had the honorific Vira Ballala Chaturvedi Bhattaratnakara. The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Moole Shankareshvara Temple, Turuvekere Hindu temple in Karnataka, India

The Shankareshvara temple, dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva is located in Turuvekere, a small town in the Tumkur district, Karnataka state, India. Turuvekere, founded as an Agraharam town in the 13th century is located about 77 miles from the state capital Bangalore. The temple was built around 1260 A.D. during the rule of the Hoysala Empire King Narasimha III. This temple is a protected monument under the Karnataka state division of the Archaeological Survey of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Group of temples at Talakad, Karnataka</span> Hindu temples in Karnataka, India

The Group of temples at Talakad, located about 45 km south-east of the culturally important city of Mysore in the Karnataka state of India are ancient Hindu temples built by multiple South Indian dynasties. Archaeological excavations of the sand dunes at Talakad have shown the existence of several ruined temples built during the rule of the Western Ganga dynasty (c.345-999). However, according to historian I. K. Sarma, only two temples, the Pataleshvara and Maraleshvara, built during the reign of King Rachamalla Satyavakya IV (r.975-986) are intact. According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the Vaidyeshvara temple, the largest, the most intact and ornate of the group bears Ganga-Chola-Hoysala architectural features. Its consecration is assignable to the 10th century with improvements made up to the 14th century. According to the art historian Adam Hardy, the Kirtinarayana temple was built in 1117 A.D. by the famous Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana to celebrate his victory over the Cholas in the battle of Talakad. It has currently been dismantled by the ASI for renovation. Only its mahadwara is intact. The Sand dunes of Talakad are protected by the Karnataka state division of the ASI. The Vaidyeshvara and Kirtinarayana temples are protected as monuments of national importance by the central Archaeological Survey of India.

Chennakeshava Temple, Hullekere Hindu temple in Karnataka, India

The Chennakeshava temple, dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu is located in the village of Hullekere, in the Arasikere Taluk, about 22 km from the commercial town Arasikere. It was built in 1163 A.D. by a minister of Hoysala empire king Narasimha I. The art historian Adam Hardy categorizes the architectural style as a single shrine (vimana) construction with miniature vimanas, the basic building material being Soap stone. The monument is protected by the Karnataka state division of Archaeological Survey of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakshminarasimha Temple, Vignasante</span>

The Lakshminarasimha temple at Vignasante is a 13th-century Vishnu temple in the village of Vignasante, Tumkur district, Karnataka, India. The three-shrine temple is dedicated to Venugopala, Narasimha and Lakshmi Narayana. One of the late temples built before Hoysala empire came under sustained attacks from the Delhi Sultanate, it illustrates the mature Hoysalanadu architectural tradition. The fully carved, three storey Vesara vimana of this temple is notable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shantinatha Basadi, Jinanathapura</span>

Shantinatha Basadi, a Jain temple dedicated to the sixteenth Tirthankar Shantinatha is located in the historically important temple town of Jinanathapura near Shravanabelagola. It is a village in Channarayapatna taluk in the Hassan district of Karnataka state, India.

Govindanahalli Village in Karnataka, India

Govindanahalli is a small village in Mandya district of Karnataka state, southern India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chavundaraya Basadi</span>

Chavundaraya basadi or Chamundaraya basadi or Boppa-Chaityalya is one of the fifteen basadis located on the Chandragiri Hill in Shravanabelagola in the Indian state of Karnataka. Archaeological Survey of India has listed the Chavundaraya basadi in group of monuments in Shravanabelagola as Adarsh Smarak Monument.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parshvanatha basadi, Shravanabelgola</span> Jain temple in Shravanabelgola complex in the state of Karnataka

Parshvanatha Basadi or Kamatha Parshvanatha Basadi is a Jain temple (basadi) located on Chandragiri Hill in Shravanabelagola, a town in Karnataka, India.

References

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.