Ahichchhatra Jain temples | |
---|---|
Religion | |
Affiliation | Jainism |
Sect | Digambara and Śvētāmbara |
Deity | Parshvanatha |
Festivals | Mahavir Jayanti, Ahichhatra Jain Mela |
Location | |
Location | Ahichchhatra, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh |
Geographic coordinates | 28°22′23″N79°07′06″E / 28.37306°N 79.11833°E |
Architecture | |
Creator | King Vasupal |
Temple(s) | 7 |
The Ahichchhatra Jain temples is a group of Jain temples in Ahichchhatra village in Aonla tehsil of Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh, North India. Ahichchhatra is believed to be the place where Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankar of Jainism, attained Kevala Jnana.
The history of Ahichchhatra traditionally starts from the period of Rishabhanatha, the first tirthankara. According to Digambara belief, it was visited by all 24 Tirthankaras. Ahichchhatra is believed to be the place where Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankar of Jainism, attained Kevala gyana (omniscience). [1] According to Jain texts, it was visited by Parshvanatha during vihara; in an attempt to obstruct Parshvanatha from achieving Kevala Jnana, Kamath, his elder brother, caused continuous rain. Parshvanatha was immersed in water up to his neck but was protected by the serpent God Dharanendra, who held a canopy of a thousand hoods over his head, and the Goddess Padmavati who coiled herself around his body. Following this event, the place was renamed to Ahichchhatra (transl. Serpent umbrella). [2] [3] [1]
Ahichchhatra was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas. [4] It was considered an important town when Hiuen Tsang visited India in the 7th century CE. [5] Several ancient Jain āyāgapaṭa were excavated from this site, including the famous Nāṃdighoṣa āyāgapaṭa dated early c. 15 CE. [6] [7] [8] 27 Jain inscriptions discovered here bear dates prior to 100 CE. [9]
Alois Anton Führer excavated a Jain temple constructed during the reign of Indo-Scythians dynasty, enhrining idols from 96—152 CE. [10] A number of Jain temples were discovered by Alexander Cunningham during excavation. [11] Many idols, stupas and pillars from the Kushan and Gupta periods have been discovered in Ahichchhatra. [12]
Vividha Tirtha Kalpa, composed by Jinaprabha Suri in the 14th century CE, mentions Samkhyāvatǐ as the earlier name of Ahichchhatra and describes two Jain temples dedicated to Parshvanatha in the area. [13] According to Ahicchatra-nagri-kalpa, this place was visited by Goddess Ambika. [14] Kaivalyamala, written by Jain acharya Udyotansuri in c. 778 CE, [15] [16] mentions that Harigupta of the Gupta Empire took diksha here. [12] [17]
The temples in Ahichchhatra were built to commemorate Parshvanatha attaining Kēvalajñāna kalyāṇaka. [18] [1] [19]
The Digambara Jain temple was initially constructed during the reign of King Vasupal. The temple was later reconstructed in 1975. The temple contains 7 vedis, one of which has a 6-foot (1.8 m) idol of Mahavira while others house idols of Parshvanatha in different postures. The main idol of the temple dates back to the 10th century and is popularly known as Tikhal wale Baba. [12]
This temple, dedicated to Parshvanatha, is a major Jain pilgrimage center. [20] [21] According to Uttar Pradesh Tourism, over 436,000 people visited Ahichchhatra Jain Temple in 2019. [22]
The Tis Chaubisi temple was constructed in 2002 CE. The temple houses 720 idols of the 24 Tirthankaras. The mulnayak of this temple is a 13.5-foot (4.1 m) idol of Parshvanatha. [12]
The Bhagwan Parshvanath-Padmavati temple was constructed in 2007 CE. The temple houses an idol of Parshvanatha in the centre with idols of Dharanendra and Padmavati on either side. [12]
The Chaubisi temple is built beside the old Digambara Jain temple in an area spanning 17,500 square metres (188,000 sq ft). [12]
The Shwetambar temple is a beautiful structure known for its unique architecture. The temple is made of buff sandstone and houses a thousand images of the Jain pantheon. [12]
Both Digambara and Shwetambar Jain temple also have a dharamshala equipped with all modern facilities and bhojnalaya. [12]
Ahichchhatra Jain Mela is the primary festival of this temple and is organized annually in March. [21]
Parshvanatha, or Pārśva and Pārasanātha, was the 23rd of 24 Tirthankaras of Jainism. Parshvanatha is one of the earliest Tirthankara who is acknowledged as a historical figure. The Jain sources place him between the 9th and 8th centuries BCE whereas historians consider that he lived in the 8th and 7th century BCE.
Padmāvatī is the protective goddess or śāsana devī (शासनदेवी) of Pārśvanātha, the twenty-third Jain tīrthāṅkara, complimenting Parshwa yaksha in Swetambara and Dharanendra in digambar the shasan deva. She is a yakshini of Parshwanatha.
Vimalanatha was the thirteenth Jain Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini). According to Jain beliefs, he became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma. Vimalanatha was born to King Kratavarma and Queen Shyamadevi at Kampilya of the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth date was the third day of the Magh Sukla month of the Indian calendar.
Ahichchhatra or Ahikhet or Ahikshetra, near the modern Ramnagar village in Aonla tehsil, Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh, India, was the ancient capital of Northern Panchala, a northern Indian kingdom mentioned in the Mahabharata.
Rawan Urf Bada Gaon is a village near Khekra, a town in the district of Bagpat, Uttar Pradesh. It is famous for Maa Mansa Devi Temple, This Temple was established by Ravana. It is historic and one of the oldest temple in baghpat. It is also famous for Digambar Jain Mandir. In Bada Gaon, the people of Bada Gaon doesn't burn the statue of Ravan because Bada Gaon was settled by Ravan.
Along with it in badagaon there is a Shri Parshwanath Atishaya Kshetra Prachin Digambar Jain Mandir that houses an idol of Lord Parshvanath, the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism and the Trilok Teerth Dham Mandir.
Jainism is a religion founded in ancient India. Jains trace their history through twenty-four tirthankara and revere Rishabhanatha as the first tirthankara. The last two tirthankara, the 23rd tirthankara Parshvanatha and the 24th tirthankara Mahavira are considered historical figures. According to Jain texts, the 22nd tirthankara Neminatha lived about 84,000 years ago and was the cousin of Krishna.
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