Alexander State Forest

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Alexander State Forest
USA Louisiana location map.svg
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Map of Louisiana, United States of America
Location Rapides Parish, Louisiana
Nearest city Woodworth, Louisiana
Coordinates 31°07′27″N92°29′18″W / 31.124085°N 92.488403°W / 31.124085; -92.488403 Coordinates: 31°07′27″N92°29′18″W / 31.124085°N 92.488403°W / 31.124085; -92.488403 [1]
Area 8,000 acres (32 km2)
Established 1923 (1923) [2]
Governing body Department of Agriculture and Forestry
Website

Alexander State Forest is located in Rapides Parish, Louisiana near the town of Woodworth. It was established in 1923 as a state demonstration forest. It contains the Indian Creek Recreation Area and the Alexander State Forest Headquarters Building, constructed in 1935, is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rapides Parish, Louisiana Parish in the United States

Rapides Parish is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 131,613. The parish seat is Alexandria, which developed along the Red River of the South. Rapides is the French spelling of "rapids" and is pronounced ra-PEEDS. The parish was created in 1807 after the United States acquired this territory in the Louisiana Purchase.

Woodworth, Louisiana Town in Louisiana, United States

Woodworth is a town in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the Alexandria, Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,080 at the 2000 census.

Indian Creek Recreation Area

Indian Creek Recreation Area is a recreation area located inside Alexander State Forest in Rapides Parish near Woodworth, Louisiana. It includes Indian Creek Reservoir, which is an artificial lake developed with the aid of the Louisiana Forestry Commission, the Rapides Parish Police Jury, and the Lower West Red River Soil and Water Conservation District. The lake was created in 1970 as a reservoir for agricultural irrigation and for recreation purposes.

Contents

History

In 1923, the state of Louisiana purchased 2,068 acres from Mrs. Elise Polk Burrows, and named the land Alexander State Forest after Louisiana's first commissioner of conservation, M.L. Alexander. [3] In the following 15 years, Louisiana made nine more purchases, bringing the total acreage of Alexander State Forest to 7,995 acres. [3] [4] Most of the land was barren when purchased. In 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) started extensive planting of pine trees and continued to do so until 1940. This is a successful example of reforestation. During this time, the CCC also built the log administration building on the site. The forest today consists of about 700 acres of bottomland hardwood and 4,800 acres of southern yellow pine. Most of the tree species are loblolly pine, a type of southern yellow pine, as well as some slash and longleaf pine. [4] Other tree species include red oaks, water oaks, willow oaks, blackgum, sweetgum, beech and hackberry. [4] Indian Creek Recreation Area constitutes 2,250 acres of Alexander State Forest.

Civilian Conservation Corps public work relief program

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men. Originally for young men ages 18–25, it was eventually expanded to ages 17–28. Robert Fechner was the first director of the agency, succeeded by James McEntee following Fechner's death. The CCC was a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal that provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state, and local governments. The CCC was designed to provide jobs for young men and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States. Maximum enrollment at any one time was 300,000. Through the course of its nine years in operation, 3 million young men participated in the CCC, which provided them with shelter, clothing, and food, together with a wage of $30 per month.

Reforestation land regeneration method

Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands (forestation) that have been depleted, usually through deforestation. Reforestation can be used to rectify or improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber, but also non-timber forest products.

Multiple uses

Alexander State Forest is managed by the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry under the multiple use concept. [3] Different uses include recreation, timber production, forest management research, wildlife habitats for threatened species and water and soil conservation. [5]

Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry

The Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry (LDAF) is a state agency of Louisiana, headquartered in Baton Rouge. The Department is responsible for promoting, protecting and advanceing agriculture and forestry, and soil and water resources.

Multiple use of United States national forests refers to the "harmonious and coordinated management of the various resources, each with the other, without impairment of the productivity of the land, with consideration being given to the relative values of the various resources, and not necessarily the combination of uses that will give the greatest dollar return or the greatest unit output." Multiple use implies a sustained yield of outdoor recreation, range, timber, watershed, and wildlife and fish values.

Soil conservation

Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.

Recreation

About 75 percent of the acreage in Alexander State Forest is used for recreation. This includes hunting, fishing, boating, swimming, picnics and camping at Indian Creek Recreation Area. [5] The forest is known for its whitetail deer population for hunting, but other game species include quail, rabbit, squirrel and different waterfowl species. [4] Fishing and camping are open year round. [5]

Timber production

It is estimated that there are about 35 million board feet of timber. [3] About 1.5 million board feet are harvested every year. [3] This is an example of sustainable forest management of renewable resources. Using this method is an attempt to ensure that the pine forest habitat is not degraded by overexploitation.

Sustainable forest management is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. Sustainable forest management has to keep the balance between three main pillars: ecological, economic and socio-cultural. Successfully achieving sustainable forest management will provide integrated benefits to all, ranging from safeguarding local livelihoods to protecting the biodiversity and ecosystems provided by forests, reducing rural poverty and mitigating some of the effects of climate change.

Overexploitation

Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.

Forest management research

A number of different studies have been conducted using data collected from Alexander State Forest. These studies range from the effects that different management methods have on the ecosystem to the effects different animal and insect species have on the pine trees.

A 1994 study in Alexander State Forest by Robert B. Ferguson and V. Clark Baldwin Jr. examined the effects of spacing in slash pine trees that had not been thinned. [6] The trees were spaced from four feet apart to fourteen feet apart in order to study the best spacing distance for optimal growth. Ferguson and Baldwin showed that by the time the trees had aged fifteen years, there was a height difference of six feet between trees spaced four feet apart and the taller trees that were spaced ten feet apart. A 2005 graduate thesis by Jamie Schexnayder describes the effects of thinning on the yield of lumber for a plot of land in Alexander State Forest. [7] Schexnayder examined how far pine trees had to be spaced apart before thinning had any significant effect on tree growth. The results of these two studies relate to increasing board density in proper forest management.

Thinning in agriculture

Thinning is a term used in agricultural sciences to mean the removal of some plants, or parts of plants, to make room for the growth of others. Selective removal of parts of a plant such as branches, buds, or roots is typically known as pruning.

A 2004 graduate thesis by Keri E. Landry examined the effects of the red imported fire ant on the pine ecosystem at Alexander State Forest and the effects the insecticide Amdro had on the ecosystem. [8] Amdro was effective in decreasing the population of red imported fire ants. In addition, the native ant population could better compete against the red imported fire ants in plots where Amdro was used. A 2006 graduate thesis by Lee A. Womack also assessed the effects of red imported fire ants on the pine ecosystem at Alexander State Forest, as well as the effects of Amdro on the ant population and the ecosystem in general. [9] Womack's study suggested that the ants had little effect on the pine ecosystem and that, in concordance with Landry's thesis, Amdro was effective at controlling the ant population without harming other members of the ecosystem as well.

A 2008 thesis by Laura M. Palasz studied how burning affected the Henslow's sparrow population and their habitat. [10] This study used Alexander State Forest as one of many sites. The paper suggested better ways to manage forests in order to increase Henslow's sparrow population density, such as conducting prescribed burns of the forest every two years instead of every year.

Wildlife habitats for threatened species

Alexander State Forest provides habitat for a number of different plant and animal species, some of which are threatened or near-threatened. [5] The most often cited example is the red-cockaded woodpecker. This woodpecker is ranked as a G2 species globally and as an S2 species within the state of Louisiana. [11] The United States Fish and Wildlife Service lists the red-cockaded woodpecker as endangered. The bird is listed on IUCN's Red List as vulnerable and is found in only 11 states today. [12] These states are Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Texas and Oklahoma. [12] From 1993 to 2006, the United States saw an increase in clusters of red-cockaded woodpeckers from 4,694 active clusters to 6,105 active clusters. [12] Other species in the forest include Henslow's sparrow and Bachman's sparrow. Both of these sparrows are near-threatened in the United States.

Water and soil conservation

The reservoir in the Indian Creek Recreation Area, in addition to recreation, is also used for irrigation of farmland during dry seasons, which saves drinking water from being used on crops. [3]

Other features

Woodworth Fire Tower

Woodworth Fire Tower, standing at 175 feet tall, is the tallest active fire tower in North America. [3] [13] It is also a benchmark for geocacheing. [14]

The Half Festival

Indian Creek Recreation Area hosts an annual half marathon, 10K and 5K races. [15] The course starts and ends within the recreation area. In 2012 the race was held on November 17.

Related Research Articles

Henslows sparrow species of bird

Henslow's sparrow is a passerine bird in the Passerellidae family. It was named by John James Audubon in honor of John Stevens Henslow. It was formerly classified in the genus Ammodramus.

Longleaf pine species of plant

The longleaf pine is a pine native to the Southeastern United States, found along the coastal plain from East Texas to southern Maryland, extending into northern and central Florida. It reaches a height of 30–35 m (98–115 ft) and a diameter of 0.7 m (28 in). In the past, before extensive logging, they reportedly grew to 47 m (154 ft) with a diameter of 1.2 m (47 in). The tree is a cultural symbol of the Southern United States, being the official state tree of Alabama and the unofficial state tree of North Carolina.

Red-cockaded woodpecker species of bird

The red-cockaded woodpecker is a woodpecker found in southeastern North America. Some taxonomic authorities, including the American Ornithological Society, continue to place this species in the genus Picoides.

Flatwoods

Flatwoods, pineywoods, pine savannas and longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem are terms that refer to an ecological community in the Southeastern coastal plain of North America. Flatwoods are an ecosystem maintained by wildfire or prescribed fire and are dominated by longleaf pine, and slash pine in the tree canopy and saw palmetto, gallberry and other flammable evergreen shrubs in the understory, along with a high diversity of herb species. It was once one of the dominant ecosystem types of southeastern North America. Although grasses and pines are characteristic of this system, the precise composition changes from west to east, that is, from Texas to Florida. In Louisiana, savannas even differ between the east and west side of the Mississippi River. The key factor maintaining this habitat type is recurring fire. Without fire, the habitat is rapidly invaded by other species of woody plants.

Kisatchie National Forest

Kisatchie National Forest, the only National forest in Louisiana, United States, is located in the forested piney hills and hardwood bottoms of seven central and northern parishes. It is part of the Cenozoic uplands and has large areas of longleaf pine forests. It is one of the largest pieces of natural landscape in Louisiana, with some 604,000 acres (2,440 km2) of public land, more than half of which is vital longleaf pine and flatwoods vegetation. These support many rare plant and animal species. There are also rare habitats, such as hillside seepage bogs and calcareous prairies. The forest also contains and provides a buffer for the Kisatchie Hills Wilderness, a nationally designated wilderness area that contributes to protecting biodiversity of the coastal plain region of the United States.

Picayune Strand State Forest

Picayune Strand State Forest is one of 37 state forests in Florida managed by the Florida Forest Service. The 78,000-acre forest consists primarily of cypress swamps, wet pine flatwoods and wet prairies. It also features a grid of closed roads over part of it, left over from its previous land development schemes.

Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy

Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy is a research and learning facility located in northern Leon County, Florida, just off County Road 12 on the north side of Lake Iamonia. Occupying the same acreage and location and operating from the old Beadel House, Tall Timbers researches the areas of fire ecology, resource management, forestry, game bird management, and vertebrate ecology.

Sam Houston National Forest

The Sam Houston National Forest, one of four National Forests in Texas, is located 50 miles north of Houston. The forest is administered together with the other three United States National Forests and two National Grasslands located entirely in Texas, from common offices in Lufkin, Texas. The units include Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston National Forests, plus Caddo National Grassland and Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland. There are local ranger district offices located in New Waverly.

Sun Pass State Forest

Sun Pass State Forest is one of six state forests managed by the Oregon Department of Forestry. The forest is located 40 miles (64 km) north of Klamath Falls, Oregon near the southeastern corner of Crater Lake National Park. It is the largest single block of Oregon state forestry land east of the Cascade Mountains. The forest is managed as part of the Klamath-Lake District, comprising 21,317 acres (86.27 km2) of the 33,739 state-owned acres within the district.

Eastern savannas of the United States

The eastern savannas of the United States covered large portions of the southeast side of the continent until the early 20th century. These were in a fire ecology of open grassland and forests with low ground cover of herbs and grasses.

Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge

Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1978 and is located Union and Morehouse Parishes in northern Louisiana.

Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge

Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge is a 35,000-acre (140 km2) National Wildlife Refuge established in 1939 and located in central Georgia. It is primarily an upland forest dominated by loblolly pine on the ridges with hardwoods found along the creek bottoms and in scattered upland coves. Clear streams and beaver ponds provide ideal wetland habitat for wood ducks and other wetland dependent species. In the early 19th century the European settlers arrived in abundance and began to clear the land to plant a variety of crops. The settlers removed more than 90% of the forest. The continuous planting of cotton caused serious erosion and soil infertility. By the late 1870s they had abandoned more than a third of the land because the land could not sustain crops.

Big Woods State Forest

Big Woods State Forest is a 2,188-acre (8.85 km2) state forest in Sussex County, Virginia. It was the first state forest property to be established in southeast Virginia.

Longleaf pine ecosystem

The longleaf pine ecosystem is a diverse climax temperate coniferous forest habitat that includes many rare plant and animal species found within the southeastern United States, and is one of the most biodiverse in North America. Once a dominant ecosystem of the southeastern portion of the United States, it now occupies less than a quarter of the original range. Degrading of the ecosystem is partially due to excessive timber harvesting, urbanization, and fire exclusion. Although the ecosystem is heavily fragmented in present time, it still carries a great diversity of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic. The greatest current concern for the ecosystem is the continuation and health of the overall plant and animal species which reside within the area. The use of a range of techniques, including planting longleaf seedlings, introducing prescribed burning regimens, managing native ground cover, and controlling invasive species within the ecosystem can help to preserve this threatened ecosystem.

Fauna of Louisiana

The fauna of the State of Louisiana is characterized by the region’s low swamplands, bayous, creeks, woodlands, coastal marshlands and beaches, and barrier islands covering an estimated 20,000 square miles. Southern Louisiana contains up to fifty percent of the wetlands found in the Continental United States, and are made up of countless bayous and creeks.

Big Woods Wildlife Management Area

Big Woods Wildlife Management Area is a 4,173-acre (16.89 km2) Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Sussex County, Virginia. It comprises two tracts of land; the 2,208-acre (8.94 km2) main tract, located immediately adjacent Big Woods State Forest, and the 1,965-acre (7.95 km2) Parker's Branch tract, located nearby.

Peason Ridge Wildlife Management Area

Peason Ridge Wildlife Management Area, also referred to as Peason Ridge WMA, is a 74,309 acre tract of protected area located in the Parishes of Natchitoches, Sabine, and Vernon, in the state of Louisiana. The WMA is managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF).

Sugarloaf Mountain, (South Carolina) Hill in Sand Hills State Forest, South Carolina, US

"This is a traditional gathering place for over a century, and is maintained on Sand Hills State Forest as a family recreational area. Known locally as "The Mountain", Sugarloaf is an unusual geological phenomenon towering a hundred feet above the surrounding terrain."

References

  1. "Indian Creek Recreation Area State, Vicinity, and Area Maps" (PDF). Department of Agriculture and Forestry. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
  2. Calhoun, Milburn; Frois, Jeanne (2006-05-31). Louisiana Almanac, 2006-2007 (17 ed.). Pelican Publishing. p. 431. ISBN   978-1-58980-307-7.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry, "Alexander State Forest and Indian Creek Lake", Division of Administration, Administration Services
  4. 1 2 3 4 Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, "Alexander State Forest"
  5. 1 2 3 4 Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry, "Alexander Forest and Indian Creek Recreation Area" Archived 2009-05-24 at the Wayback Machine ., Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry
  6. Robert B. Ferguson and V. Clark Baldwin Jr., "Spacing effects on unthinned slash pine in the west gulf1," Proceedings for the Eight Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, DIANE publishing.
  7. Schexnayder, Jamie Camille, Growth of a Slash Pine Spacing Study Five Years After Thinning." Diss. Louisiana State University, 2005.
  8. Landry, Keri E. Assessing landscape-level impacts of red imported fire ants on native faunal communities in pine-dominated forests. Diss. Faculty of the Louisiana State University, 2004.
  9. Womack, Lee A. IMPACTS OF RED IMPORTED FIRE ANTS (SOLENOPSIS IVICTA BUREN) ON NATIVE FAUNAL COMMUNITIES IN TWO PINE-DOMINATED FORESTS. Diss. Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 2006.
  10. Palasz, Laura M. Effects of burning on Henslow’s Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) density and habitat quality in Louisiana. Diss. University of Illinois, 2008.
  11. "Species of Conservation Concern in Louisiana".
  12. 1 2 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service "Red-cockaded Woodpecker Recovery", U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
  13. Ray Kresek, Fire Lookout Museum, "World's Tallest Lookouts", firelookout.org
  14. Geocaching, "Benchmark BX2625", Geocaching.com
  15. Fit Families for Cenla, "The Half Festival", Fit Families for Cenla.