Barrancas is a town and municipality in the ColombianDepartment of La Guajira. The municipality of Barrancas is located to the west of the Ranchería River in a valley between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Serranía del Perijá mountains. Barrancas has a total area of 742km2 and at 40 meters over sea level. The average temperature is 28°C throughout the year and distances from the capital of the Department of La Guajira, Riohacha. It became a municipality in 1892.[3]
The climate present in the region is predominantly hot and dry with no mountainous climate variations, maintaining an average temperature throughout the year of 28°C; while in the lower plains temperature can reach 35°C, while in the mountainous area of the municipality the temperature is milder. During the rainy season temperature in the mountainous part of the municipality can reach between 15 and 18°C while in the dry season 18-24°C. Higher temperature are reached by the end of March, April and May In June and July temperatures drop and in August and September raises. In October and November drops once again and raises in December and January due to the trade winds.[4]
History
Barrancas was founded in 1664, when the Spaniards arrived in the region.
During the war of independence from Spain, on March 26, 1813, the Cabildo of Barrancas insurrected against the local Spanish monarchy authorities destroying images and coat of arms of King Fernando VII. The cabildo also swore loyalty to Simón Bolívar. The revolt was led by Eugenio Vidal, Javier López Sierra, Jose Rodriguez Romero, Misael Orozco, Pedro Ojeda, Crisanto Solano, Bienvenido Gomez and Pedro Miguel Garavito.[5]
Barrancas was one of the villages part of the Province of Padilla and became a municipality in 1892.[6] It was also one of the five municipalities that grouped to form the Department of La Guajira in 1954, then called Intendencia Nacional de La Guajira by orders of then military dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla.[7]
The municipality of Barrancas is connected through a highway to the department capital, Riohacha and the main commercial town in the department, Maicao. Barrancas also has cultural influence and commercial trade related to agriculture from the city of Valledupar in the Department of Cesar. Barrancas commercializes in small scale agricultural products such as coffee, plantain, cotton, maize and yuca, but the main economic activity in the municipality is the exploitation of coal at Cerrejón coal mine. The Cerrejón coal mine is one of the largest open pit coal mines in the world.[9]
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