Manaure, La Guajira

Last updated
Manaure
Town
Salinas de Manaure.JPG
Salt mines in Manaure, La Guajira
Flag of Manaure (La Guajira).svg
Flag
Escudo de Manaure (La Guajira).svg
Seal
Colombia - La Guajira - Manaure.svg
Location of the town and municipality of Manaure in the Department of La Guajira.
Colombia location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Manaure
Coordinates: 11°46′45″N72°26′58″W / 11.77917°N 72.44944°W / 11.77917; -72.44944
Country Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Region Caribbean
Department La Guajira
Founded1723
Government
 •  Mayor Humberto Martinez Fajardo (C) [1]
Area
 • Total1,971 km2 (761 sq mi)
Elevation
3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (2019 est. [2] )
 • Total120,417
 • Density61/km2 (160/sq mi)
Demonym Manaurero
Time zone UTC-5
Area code 57 + 5
Climate BWh
Website Official website (in Spanish)
*

Manaure or Salinas de Manaure is a town and municipality located in the Colombian Department of La Guajira. Manaure's main economic activity is the exploitation of the vast amounts of salt in the area.

Contents

Geography

The municipality of Manaure is located in northernmost part of South America, on the arid plains of the Guajira Peninsula, in the Colombian Caribbean region, bordering to the north with the Caribbean Sea to the east with the municipality of Uribia; to the south with the municipality of Maicao and to the west with the municipality of Riohacha. [3]

The municipality of Manaure is within the Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub with water streams determined by precipitations during the rainy seasons. The municipality seat of Manaure is crossed by the Limón Creek which flows into the Caribbean sea. The coastline has high concentration of salt, rocks and clay over predominantly flat plains, slightly undulated in some areas. [3]

Climate

Manaure has a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh) owing to its extremely high evaporation rates, despite receiving over 375 millimetres or 15 inches of rain in an average year. The weather is hot and dry throughout the year, averaging between 28 °C (82 °F) and 38 °C (100 °F) throughout the year with constant northeastern trade winds meaning evaporation and humidity are high. The area has a rainy season from August to November averaging around three-quarters of the annual rainfall, and also a shorter season of light rains during the month of May, with very little rain occurring in the remainder of the year. [4]

Climate data for Manaure, elevation 1 m (3.3 ft), (1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)32.3
(90.1)		32.4
(90.3)		32.6
(90.7)		32.7
(90.9)		33.4
(92.1)		34.6
(94.3)		35.0
(95.0)		34.7
(94.5)		33.8
(92.8)		33.0
(91.4)		32.6
(90.7)		32.5
(90.5)		33.3
(91.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)28.1
(82.6)		28.0
(82.4)		28.1
(82.6)		28.5
(83.3)		29.1
(84.4)		29.9
(85.8)		30.1
(86.2)		29.4
(84.9)		29.2
(84.6)		28.7
(83.7)		28.7
(83.7)		28.3
(82.9)		28.8
(83.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)23.9
(75.0)		24.0
(75.2)		24.4
(75.9)		24.3
(75.7)		24.7
(76.5)		25.3
(77.5)		25.0
(77.0)		25.0
(77.0)		25.1
(77.2)		24.7
(76.5)		24.4
(75.9)		24.1
(75.4)		24.6
(76.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)3.7
(0.15)		2.9
(0.11)		6.1
(0.24)		19.1
(0.75)		39.9
(1.57)		14.1
(0.56)		11.4
(0.45)		33.6
(1.32)		58.4
(2.30)		114.1
(4.49)		68.1
(2.68)		22.2
(0.87)		382.2
(15.05)
Average precipitation days11123213686436
Average relative humidity (%)74747574736967717376747573
Mean monthly sunshine hours 235.6203.3217.0186.0201.5231.0235.6248.0213.0195.3201.0207.72,575
Mean daily sunshine hours 7.67.27.06.26.57.77.68.07.16.36.76.77.1
Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales [5]

History

Manaure salt lagoons Manaure salt evaporation pond.jpg
Manaure salt lagoons

Chronicles from the Spanish explorer first detailed some indigenous in the area called Coanaos which traveled between the Cabo de la Vela and the region of Valledupar to exchange salt for gold. During the 19th century salt in the region was exploited at Honda Bay and Quebrada Bay on coasts of what is part of the municipality of Manaure which naturally formed lagoons. In 1777 the Spanish government ordered the administration of the Salinas. [6]

In 1824 the government declared the Salinas or salt mines as national patrimony of the nation establishing a regulatory price control. In 1932 the bank of the Republic was given authority over the administration and exploitation of salt mines in Zipaquirá, Nemocón and Sesquilé. [6]

Industrial exploitation and processing of salt in Manaure began in the 1920s when the government gave concessions to individual investors for the exploitation of the salt mine and until the 1940s the mode of collection went from artisan to industrial, when the Bank of the Republic took over the Manaure salt mines. By 1948 salt production in Manaure was between 20,000 and 30,000 tons a year. In 1970 the concession of Manaure salt mines was transferred to the IFI-Concesión Salinas which intensified the production to one million tons a year. [6]

The Wayuu began to claim the area as their ancestral land and historical owners of Manaure. In 1991 the government recognized the claim by the Wayuu and agreed to reorganize production and work conditions under a mixed economy, in which the indigenous would have 25% of the stocks in the company. The accords were not met and the Wayuus sued the government in 1994. The court ordered the creation of Sociedad Salinas de Manaure, SAMA based on the original agreement and linked to the then Ministry of Development. The Wayuu would have 25%, but once again the agreements were not met due to legal problems. In 2002 Law 773 of the same year reestablished the creation of the SAMA, distributing earnings among the Ministry of Development (51%) the indigenous Association "Sumain Ichi" (25%) and the municipality of Manaure (25%). [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riohacha</span> District and city in Caribbean, Colombia

Riohacha is a city in the Riohacha Municipality in the northern Caribbean Region of Colombia by the mouth of the Ranchería River and the Caribbean Sea. It is the capital city of the La Guajira Department. It has a sandy beach waterfront.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guajira Peninsula</span> Geographic feature in northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela

The Guajira Peninsula is a peninsula in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela in the Caribbean. It is the northernmost peninsula in South America and has an area of 25,000 km2 (9,700 sq mi) extending from the Manaure Bay (Colombia) to the Calabozo Ensenada in the Gulf of Venezuela (Venezuela), and from the Caribbean to the Serranía del Perijá mountains range.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maicao</span> Municipality and city in Caribbean, Colombia

Maicao is a city and municipality in the Department of La Guajira, northern Republic of Colombia. It is located 76 km from Riohacha, the capital of the department and is the second largest urban center near the border with Venezuela, after the city of Cúcuta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean region of Colombia</span> Northern part of Colombia

The Caribbean region of Colombia or Caribbean coast region is in the north of Colombia and is mainly composed of 8 departments located contiguous to the Caribbean. It's the second most populated region in the country after Andean Region with approximately 11 million residents according to the Colombian Census 2018. The area covers a total land area of 110,000 km2 (42,000 sq mi), including the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina in the Caribbean Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wayuu people</span> Indigenous South American ethnic group of the Guajira Peninsula

The Wayuu are an Indigenous ethnic group of the Guajira Peninsula in northernmost Colombia and northwest Venezuela. The Wayuu language is part of the Arawakan language family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Guajira Department</span> Department of Colombia

La Guajira is a department of Colombia. It occupies most of the Guajira Peninsula in the northeast region of the country, on the Caribbean Sea and bordering Venezuela, at the northernmost tip of South America. The capital city of the department is Riohacha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Punta Gallinas</span>

Punta Gallinas is a headland in northern Colombia. Located in Uribia Municipality, La Guajira Department, it is the northernmost point on the mainland of South America, and one of the extreme points of South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of La Guajira Department</span>

The flag of La Guajira was officially adopted by the Departmental Assembly by means of Ordinance 028 of September 29, 1966. Previously, the flag had already been in use as the flag of the Intendancy of La Guajira, and subsequently it was modified last by Ordinance 052 of 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ranchería River</span> River in Colombia

The Ranchería River is a river located in northern La Guajira Department, Colombia. Born in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southern steps flows south, abruptly turns northeast and then north where it finally flows into the Caribbean Sea. It is the main river of La Guajira Department and has great significance for the Wayuu people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barrancas, La Guajira</span> Town in Caribbean, Colombia

Barrancas is a town and municipality of the Colombian Department of La Guajira. The municipality of Barrancas is located to the left margin of the Ranchería River in a valley formed between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains and the Serranía del Perijá. Barrancas has a total area of 742 km2 and at 40 meters over sea level. The average temperature is 28 °C throughout the year and distances from the capital of the Department of La Guajira, Riohacha. It became a municipality in 1892.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fonseca, La Guajira</span> Municipality and town in Caribbean, Colombia

Fonseca is a municipality located in the Colombian Department of La Guajira. The town celebrates the Festival del Retorno in honor of St Augustine with religious celebrations, vallenato music events and others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uribia, La Guajira</span> Town in Caribbean, Colombia

Uribia is a town and municipality of the La Guajira department of Colombia. It is the youngest municipality of this Department since the year 2000. Northern Zone of the Cerrejón coal mines are located in this municipality. The municipality also contains the Serranía de Macuira mountain range which is an isolated low altitude mountain range in the middle of La Guajira Desert. One third of this mountain range is also a National Natural Park of Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania, La Guajira</span> Town in Caribbean, Colombia

Albania is a town and municipality of the Colombian Department of La Guajira. Is the youngest municipality of this Department along with the town of Uribia and others, created on March 19, 2000. Albania neighbours and exclusive enclosed camp site for the Cerrejón coal mine workers and their families, named Mushaisa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dibulla, La Guajira</span> Town in Caribbean, Colombia

Dibulla is a town and municipality located in the Department of La Guajira, Colombia by the Caribbean Sea and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains on the Guajira Peninsula. It was proclaimed municipality in 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Distracción, La Guajira</span> Town in Caribbean, Colombia

Distracción is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of La Guajira. Founded in 1845 by a man from neighboring Barrancas named Antonio María Vidal on the right margin of the Ranchería River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of La Guajira</span>

The University of La Guajira, also known as Uniguajira, is a public, departmental university based primarily in the city of Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia. The university was established by ordinance No. 011 and 012 of 1976, by the Departmental Assembly, and opened in February 1977. Its main campus, known as the University Citadel, is located in the outskirts of the city, and it hosts the faculties of Basic Sciences, Economic and Administrative Sciences, Education Sciences, Engineering, and Social and Humanity Sciences. The university also has several satellite campuses across the department in the cities of Albania, Fonseca, Maicao, Manaure, and Villanueva, and one campus in the department of Córdoba in the city of Montería. The university offers education at technical, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The mascot is a jellyfish, symbolizing power and simplicity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park</span> National park in Colombia

Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park is a national natural park in Uribia, La Guajira, Colombia. The northernmost national park of mainland South America is located at the Caribbean coast of the La Guajira peninsula in Bahía Portete, between Cabo de la Vela and Punta Gallinas. Established on December 20, 2014, it is the most recently designated national park of the country. As of 2017, 59 nationally defined protected areas are incorporated in Colombia. The park hosts a high number of marine and terrestrial species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabo de la Vela</span> Cape in northern Colombia

Cabo de la Vela is a headland in the Guajira Peninsula in Colombia with an adjacent small fishing village. It is a popular ecotourism destination of the Caribbean region of Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riohacha Province</span>

Riohacha Province was a province of Gran Colombia. With the 1824 changes in the subdivisions of Gran Colombia, it became part of Magdalena Department. Riohacha[a], is a city in the Riohacha Municipality in the northern Caribbean Region of Colombia by the mouth of the Ranchería River and the Caribbean Sea. Riohacha is the capital city of La Guajira Department.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riohacha Municipality</span> Municipality in Columbia

Riohacha Municipality is located on the Caribbean region of Colombia of La Guajira Department, Colombia. It extends over 3,120 km2 and has an urban part divided into 10 Communes, 14 Corregimientos and 8 Resguardos Indígenas. 7 of the indigenous regions belong to the Wayuu and one in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region shared by the Kogi, the Wiwa, and the Ijka, a subtribe of the Arhuaco people.

References

  1. ↑ (in Spanish) Colombian Registry of the Civil State: 2007 election results [ permanent dead link ]
  2. ↑ "Estimaciones de Población 1985 - 2005 y Proyecciones de Población 2005 - 2020 Total Municipal por Área (estimate)". DANE . Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  3. 1 2 (in Spanish) Manaure: Geography Archived 2012-07-12 at archive.today
  4. ↑ (in Spanish) Manaure: Climate Archived 2012-07-12 at archive.today
  5. ↑ "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 4 (in Spanish) Bank of the Republic: ASPECTOS HISTORICOS Y SOCIOECONOMICOS DE LAS SALINAS DE MANAURE Archived 2007-06-26 at the Wayback Machine by Maríía Aguilera Díaz (Riohacha, 14 de octubre de 2004)

11°46′45″N72°26′58″W / 11.7792°N 72.4494°W / 11.7792; -72.4494

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.