Bolachen

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Bolachen
Bavarian pack-Suit of Bells.jpg
The suit of Bells from a Bavarian pack
Origin Bavaria, Germany
Type Plain-trick
Players3
Cards32
DeckGerman
Rank (high→low)A K O U 10 9 8 7
PlayClockwise
Related games
Wallachen
Contracts: suit bidding plus Bettel and Mord

Bolachen (the stress is on the second syllable; the "e" is also sounded) is a traditional card game for 3 players that is played in parts of southern Upper Bavaria, especially in the Rupertiwinkel area of the Berchtesgaden Land, where there is a cultural influence from Salzburg, and the state of Salzburg itself. It is a Bavarian variant of the more complex, old Austrian game of Préférence. Like its Bavarian cousin, Wallachen, Bolachen is threatened by extinction.

Contents

History

The origin of Bolachen is not exactly clear; today, it is mainly found in southern Upper Bavaria. However, like the similar but more complex Wallachen, it is rarely played anymore and is thus threatened with extinction. It is probably the variant or synonym of Préférence described by Geiser as "Polachen", [1] especially as the unusual suit order is identical with that of Préférence. In which case, the name means playing [the game of] Polack, Polachen being a derivative of Polacke, an old German word for a Pole, derived in turn from Polak or Polack, the Polish word for Pole, noting that the stress is also on the second syllable, a long "a". [2] The game may therefore be of Polish origin. The terminology for the contracts - Brand, Bettel and Mord - may be derived from the old German game of Brandeln. In the Salzburg dialect, the game is called Polächeln and in the Styria, Polackel or Polawitzeln. An 1847 Austrian dialect dictionary for the Lower Enns gives Bolawitzeln as a popular game amongst rural folk in "V.O.M.B." [3] Ziller gives the explanation of the name as the term polakieren, "to fleece" or "deceive" which, in turn, is derived from Polagge (also Klapper), a Styrian word meaning "a rattle". [4] [5] However, Unger equates Polawitzeln (also Polarigeln) to the gambling game of Mauscheln. [6]

Cards

Suits

Bolachen, like Schafkopf, is played with a German pack of Bavarian pattern cards. These are usually marketed under the name Tarock/ Schafkopf and contain 36 cards. For Wallachen and many other Bavarian card games the Sixes are removed.

When determining the soloist (also called the declarer), the suits rank in the same order as in Préférence (in a Brand contract):

Hearts > Bells > Leaves > Acorns
Suits of the German pack
Hearts (Herz) Bells (Schellen) Leaves (Gras) Acorns (Eichel)
Bay herz.svg Bay schellen.svg Bay gras.svg Bay eichel.svg

Ranking

The ranking of cards for trick-taking is:

Sow (Ace) [7] > King > Ober > Unter > 10 > 9 > 8 > 7

Aim

The aim for the declarer is to win his chosen contract which, in ascending order are:

The aim of the two defenders is to thwart the declarer. Like Wallachen, it is usually played for small monetary stakes, which enables, for example, a limit to be set as the winner's target.

Deal

Dealer shuffles the cards and deals as follows: first, a packet of 3 cards each, beginning with forehand to the dealer's left; next, 2 cards to the table as the dopper (= skat); then a packet of 4 cards each; and finally another packet of 3 cards each. Thus each player ends with 10 cards and 2 go to the dopper.

The deal rotates clockwise with each hand.

Auction

After the deal, there is an auction in which players may bid to become the declarer and play one of the three contracts. Forehand opens by announcing whether to "play" or "pass". The next player does likewise. If neither wants to play a contract, then the dealer must do so.

The player bidding the highest value contract wins the auction and becomes the declarer. Contracts rank in ascending order as follows: Acorn Brand > Leaf Brand > Bell Brand > Heart Brand > Bettel > Mord. If two players want to play the same contract, the player who announced it first, i.e. is the nearest to the dealer's left, has positional priority.

In a Brand, the declarer normally nominates the trump suit after picking up the dopper. However, if more than one player bids a Brand, they compare suits and the one with the higher suit wins and becomes declarer. Thereafter the declarer may play the announced contract or switch to a higher value one e.g. having bid a Bell Brand, Stefan may raise it to a Heart Brand, Bettel or Mord.

Exchanging

In a Brand, declarer may pick up the dopper and exchange one or both of cards, but must reduce to 10 cards before play.

In a Mord or Bettel, before picking up the dopper, declarer may call for a specific card from another player, which that player has to exchange with the declarer in return for a card of the dealer's choice. Then the declarer may exchange with the dopper. If perchance the called card lies in the dopper, there is no exchange.

Play

Up to 10 tricks are now played for. Declarer leads to the first trick; thereafter, the player who wins the trick leads to the next. Rules of play are as follows:

The hand ends when all 10 tricks have been played or earlier if it becomes clear that the declarer has won or lost the bid contract. For example, a Brand ends as soon as the declarer has taken 6 tricks; a Bettel ends early if the declarer takes a trick and a Mord ends early if the declarer loses a trick.

Scoring

The contracts are valued as follows:

The declarer is paid the game value by each defender if the bid game is won. If it is lost, the declarer pays the game value to each defender.

The game uses the same scoring system as Wallachen. If playing for soft score, players record their positive and negative scores on a scoresheet. In a Brand the declarer scores +2 for a win and -2 for losing; each defender scores -1 or +1 respectively. These scores are doubled for a Bettel and tripled in a Mord.

When playing for hard score, if the tariff is 10¢, the declarer earns 10¢ from each defender for winning a Brand or pays 10¢ to each one for losing. These payments are doubled in the case of a Bettel and trebled for a Mord. Sometimes a Mord is paid at 50¢ instead of 30¢. [8]

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References

  1. Geiser, Remigius (2004). "100 Kartenspiele des Landes Salzburg" Archived 2018-08-27 at the Wayback Machine , in Talon, Issue 13, pp. 37/38.
  2. Orlowski (1996), p. 121.
  3. Castelli (1847), p. 91. V.O.M.B. stands for “Viertel ober dem Manhartsberg”, which is today the region called Waldviertel.
  4. Ziller (1995), p. 151.
  5. Schröder (1906), p. 178.
  6. Unger (1903), p. 101.
  7. The card is a Sow or Deuce, but is marked with an "A" and often called an Ace
  8. Rohrmayer (2015), pp. 70–73.

Literature

See also