Related Research Articles
International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war. It is a branch of international law that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting persons who are not participating in hostilities and by restricting and regulating the means and methods of warfare available to combatants.
Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom. Along with general principles of law and treaties, custom is considered by the International Court of Justice, jurists, the United Nations, and its member states to be among the primary sources of international law.
The International Committee of the Red Cross is a humanitarian organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, and is a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties (signatories) to the Geneva Convention of 1949 and its Additional Protocols of 1977 and 2005 have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal armed conflicts. Such victims include war wounded persons, prisoners, refugees, civilians, and other non-combatants.
Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) is a humanitarian aid and community services charity in Uganda. It is a national member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement who draws mandates from the Geneva Conventions.
Senegalese Red Cross Society was established by decree in 1962. It has its headquarters in Dakar.
Togolese Red Cross was established in 1959. It has its headquarters in Lomé.
The Trinidad and Tobago Red Cross Society (TTRCS) was founded on 12 July 1939 as a Branch of the British Red Cross Society. It has its headquarters in Port of Spain, with branches in the North and South of the island of Trinidad and one branch on the island of Tobago. Following the attainment of independence in 1962, the TTRCS became an Independent Society by Act No. 15 of 1963. On 8 August 1963, the TTRCS became part of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The Constitution of the Trinidad and Tobago Red Cross Society is based on the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their additional Protocols of 1977 and the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement which are:
Saint Kitts and Nevis Red Cross Society was established in 1942 as a branch of the British Red Cross. It was recognised as a separate national Red Cross Society in 1985.
The Burkinabé Red Cross Society was founded in 1961. It is headquartered in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
The Belize Red Cross Society was founded in 1950 by Dr. Daniel Tenenbaum of Belmopan City Hospital. Previously it was part of the British Red Cross. It has its headquarters in Belize City.
Tonga Red Cross Society (TRCS) was established in 1961 and it has its headquarters in Nukuʻalofa.
The São Tomé and Príncipe Red Cross was founded in 1976. It has its headquarters in São Tomé.
Vanuatu Red Cross Society was founded in 1992. It has its headquarters in Port Vila.
The Namibia Red Cross Society, also known as NRCS, is a humanitarian organisation with its headquarters in Windhoek, Namibia. It was founded in 1991 by an Act of Parliament, and in 1993 was admitted as a member of the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
The Central African Red Cross Society, abbreviated CRCA, was founded in 1966. It has its head in Bangui, Central African Republic.
Red Cross of Cape Verde, abbreviated CVCV, was founded in 1984. It has its headquarters on Avenida Andrade Corvo in Praia, Cape Verde.
The Red Cross Society of Benin, also known as RCB was founded in 1963. It has its headquarters in Porto Novo, Benin.
Red Cross Society of Niger also known as RCN was founded in 1963. It has its headquarters in Niamey. It is a part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
The Lithuanian Red Cross was founded in 1919. It was reestablished after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Seimas, the Lithuanian parliament, passed a Red Cross law in 2000. The society has its headquarters in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania.
In international humanitarian law and international criminal law, an indiscriminate attack is a military attack that fails to distinguish between legitimate military targets and protected persons. Indiscriminate attacks strike both legitimate military and protected objects alike, thus violating the principle of distinction between combatants and protected civilians. They differ from direct attacks against protected civilians and encompass cases in which the perpetrators are indifferent as to the nature of the target, cases in which the perpetrators use tactics or weapons that are inherently indiscriminate, and cases in which the attack is disproportionate, because it is likely to cause excessive protected civilian casualties and damages to protected objects.
References
- ↑ Henckaerts, J.M.; Doswald-Beck, L.; Alvermann, C.; International Committee of the Red Cross (2005). Customary International Humanitarian Law. Customary International Humanitarian Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 1286. ISBN 978-0-521-83937-2 . Retrieved 13 Apr 2023.
- ↑ DIANE Publishing Company (1995). World Disasters Report. DIANE Publishing Company. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-7881-2261-3 . Retrieved 13 Apr 2023.
