Canadian federal election, 2000

Canadian federal election, 2000
	← outgoing members elected members →
301 seats in the 37th Canadian Parliament ; 151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	64.1% [1] (2.9pp)
	Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by province but instead via results by each riding.
Prime Minister before election; Jean Chrétien ; Liberal	Prime Minister-designate; Jean Chrétien ; Liberal

Last updated March 17, 2019

Map of Canada, showing the results of the 2000 election by riding. Canada00.PNG — Map of Canada, showing the results of the 2000 election by riding.

The 2000 Canadian federal election was held on November 27, 2000, to elect 301 Members of Parliament of the House of Commons of Canada of the 37th Parliament of Canada.

The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons currently meets in a temporary Commons chamber in the West Block of the parliament buildings on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, while the Centre Block, which houses the traditional Commons chamber, undergoes a ten-year renovation.

The 37th Canadian Parliament was in session from January 29, 2001, until May 23, 2004. The membership was set by the 2000 federal election on November 27, 2000, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 2004 election.

Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.

Since the previous election of 1997, small-"c" conservatives had begun attempts to merge the Reform Party of Canada and Progressive Conservative Party of Canada as part of the United Alternative agenda. During that time, Jean Charest stepped down as leader of the Progressive Conservatives and former Prime Minister Joe Clark took over the party and opposed any union with the Reform Party. In spring of 2000, the Reform Party became the Canadian Alliance, a political party dedicated to uniting right-wing conservatives together into one party. Former Reform Party leader Preston Manning lost in a leadership race to Stockwell Day who became leader of the new Canadian Alliance party.

The Reform Party of Canada was a right-wing populist federal political party in Canada that existed from 1987 to 2000. Reform was founded as a Western Canada-based protest movement and eventually became a populist conservative party, with strong social conservative elements. It was initially motivated by the perceived need for democratic reforms and by profound Western Canadian discontent with the Progressive Conservative (PC) federal government of Brian Mulroney.

The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) was a federal political party in Canada.

Jean Charest, is a Quebec politician. He was the 29th premier of Quebec, from 2003 to 2012; the deputy prime minister of Canada from June 25, 1993, until November 4, 1993; the leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1993 to 1998; and the leader of the Quebec Liberal Party from 1998 to 2012. He became Premier after winning the 2003 election; after he lost the 2012 election he announced that he would be resigning as Quebec Liberal Leader and leaving politics. Charest sits as an advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission.

The federal government called an early election after being in office for just over three years (with a maximum allowed mandate of five years). The governing Liberal Party of Canada won a third consecutive majority government, winning more seats than the previous election. The Canadian Alliance made some minor gains, such as electing two Members of Parliament (MPs) from the province of Ontario. The Bloc Québécois, New Democratic Party (Canada) and the PC Party all lost seats. The 1993 and 1997 federal elections involved the issue of vote-splitting, between the Reform Party and the PC Party; this would repeated with the Alliance Party and the PC Party movements, which in Canada's First Past the Post system allowed many Liberal candidates with a plurality of votes to win.

A snap election is an election called earlier than expected.

The Liberal Party of Canada is the oldest and longest-serving governing political party in Canada. The Liberals form the current government, elected in 2015. The party has dominated federal politics for much of Canada's history, holding power for almost 69 years in the 20th century—more than any other party in a developed country—and as a result, it is sometimes referred to as Canada's "natural governing party".

A majority government refers to one or multiple governing parties that hold an absolute majority of seats in legislature. This is as opposed to a minority government, where the largest party in a legislature only has a plurality of seats.

This was the last election until 2011 which resulted in a majority government. It was the only election contested by the Canadian Alliance and the last by the Progressive Conservatives. This was also the first election in which Nunavut was its own separate territory (before, it was part of the Northwest Territories).

Nunavut is the newest, largest, and most northerly territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the boundaries had been drawn in 1993. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the first major change to Canada's political map since the incorporation of the province of Newfoundland in 1949.

The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately 1,144,000 km² (442,000 sq mi) and a 2016 census population of 41,786, it is the second-largest and the most populous of the three territories in Northern Canada. Its estimated population as of 2018 is 44,445. Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967, following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission.

Campaign

The decision by Prime Minister and Liberal Party leader Jean Chrétien to call an election in fall of 2000 has been viewed by commentators as an attempt to stem a possible rise of support to the newly formed Canadian Alliance, to stop the leadership ambitions of Paul Martin, and to capitalize on the nostalgia created by the recent death of Pierre Elliot Trudeau. At the time of the election, the Canadian economy was strong and there were few immediate negative issues, as the opposition parties were not prepared for the campaign.^[3]

The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and Canada's head of government. The current, and 23rd, Prime Minister of Canada is the Liberal Party's Justin Trudeau, following the 2015 Canadian federal election. Canadian prime ministers are styled as The Right Honourable, a privilege maintained for life.

Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, also known as Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian politician who served as the 21st prime minister of Canada from December 12, 2003, to February 6, 2006.

The major issue in the election was health care which had risen in public opinion polls to be the most important issue for Canadians.^[4]

Health care Prevention of disease and promotion of wellbeing

Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health professionals in allied health fields. Physicians and physician associates are a part of these health professionals. Dentistry, midwifery, nursing, medicine, optometry, audiology, pharmacy, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy and other health professions are all part of health care. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.

The public was largely uninterested in the election, with commentators stating that voters expected a repeat of previous regionally divided elections that offered little chance of a change of government.^[5]

The Liberals' final television advertisement, according to Stephen Clarkson's The Big Red Machine : "emphasized the contrast between [the Liberals and the Canadian Alliance] while warning voters about [PC leader] Joe Clark's claim that he would form a coalition with the Bloc Québécois in a minority government. The ad told Canadians not to take risks with other parties but to choose a strong, proven team".^[6]

Political parties

Liberal Party

Liberal Party logo during the election.

The Liberal Party entered the election with a record of having ended the fiscal deficit, made major reductions in federal spending (such as by cuts to the civil service, privatization of crown corporations), creating new environmental regulations, and increased spending beginning on social programs beginning in 1998 after the budget deficit had ended and a surplus had been achieved.^[7] The Liberal Party came under attack by opposition parties for irregularities in the Department of Human Resources' Transition Job Fund program, but Chrétien managed to capably defend the government's actions.^[7] Chrétien was directly attacked by the opposition parties for alleged corrupt involvement from the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) in providing funding to local projects in Chrétien's riding of Saint-Maurice.^[8] The Liberal Party focused its attacks on the Canadian Alliance, accusing it of being a dangerous right-wing movement that was dangerous to national unity.^[9] The Liberal Party's most tense problem was the ongoing leadership feud within the Liberal Party between Chrétien and Finance Minister Paul Martin who wanted to replace Chrétien as Liberal leader and Prime Minister.^[10]

Strategy

Due to the regionalized nature of previous elections, the Liberal Party designed its election strategy along regional lines, aiming to take every seat in Ontario, winning seats in Quebec from the Bloc Québécois, and winning seats in Atlantic Canada, while attempting to minimize losses in Western Canada to the Canadian Alliance.^[7]

Chrétien only spent parts of nine days campaigning in the West, including only two stops in the province of Alberta, both in the city of Edmonton while visiting the province of British Columbia only three times, and only in the cities of Victoria and Vancouver.^[11]

The Liberal Party focused its effort in regaining support in Atlantic Canada, where the party had suffered serious losses in the 1997 election to the New Democratic Party and Progressive Conservative Party due to the Liberal government's imposition of quotas on Atlantic Canadian cod fisheries and the government's cuts to unemployment insurance benefits.^[12] Chrétien gained support during the campaign from former New Brunswick Premier Frank McKenna and former Chrétien government minister and then the current Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Brian Tobin resigned as Premier and ran as a Liberal Party candidate in his province.^[12] During the campaign, Chrétien apologized to Atlantic Canadians for the negative impact of employment insurance reforms which had caused hardship in Atlantic Canada.^[12]

In Quebec, the Liberal Party benefited from the collapse of support for the Progressive Conservative Party, after the PCs' popular Québécois leader Jean Charest had resigned in 1998 and was replaced by former Prime Minister Joe Clark who was unpopular in Quebec which resulted in three PC members from Quebec defecting to join the Liberal Party prior to the election.^[13] In Quebec the recently passed Clarity Act by the federal government was controversial in that it demanded a clear and concise question on a new referendum on sovereignty.^[14] Chrétien defended the Clarity Act and attacked sovereigntist Quebec premier and former Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard, challenging him to hold another referendum on sovereignty under the new laws, as Chrétien expected that the sovereigntists would lose such a referendum.^[14] The Liberal Party promised a number of government projects in Quebec to woo Quebec voters to the Liberal Party.^[14]

The Liberal Party appealed to Canada's most populous province of Ontario by acting to restore funding that its government had cut in the 1990s in order to cut the deficit of the 1990s.^[15] The Liberal government established a health accord with all premiers in September 2000 that involved major projected increases to public health care spending.^[15] Overall, the Liberals increased their number of seats in the House of Commons from 155 seats to 172 seats.

Canadian Alliance

Canadian Alliance logo during the election.

The Canadian Alliance (the common short form name of Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance) was a new political party in the election, having been created only months earlier as the successor to the Reform Party of Canada, a party founded as a Western Canada protest party which sought to become a national party in the 1990s.^[16] Reform Party leader Preston Manning was deeply disappointed with the Reform Party's failure to spread eastward in the 1997 election, as the Reform Party lost its only seat in Ontario in that election.^[17] Reform identified vote-splitting with its rival conservative movement, the Progressive Conservative Party as the cause for the Liberals' 1997 election victory, and Manning proposed the solution of a merger of the Reform and Progressive Conservative parties.^[18] This agenda by the Reform Party to unite the two parties was called the United Alternative which began in 1998, and ultimately resulted in the Alliance.^[19]

The new party subsequently elected Stockwell Day as leader over Manning. The Alliance had hoped to use the 2000 election to eclipse the PC party in Ontario and Eastern Canada.^[16] The Alliance dedicated its campaign to demonstrating that the party was a national party and not as western-based as its predecessor had been perceived as.^[16] Day's more media friendly and "easy going" persona was expected to appeal to more Ontario voters than Manning's reputation as a policy wonk, and after the United Alternative project had integrated the successful Provincial PCs in the party, the Canadian Alliance was hoping for major improvements.

The Alliance campaigned on: cutting taxes by reducing the Federal taxation rate to two lower tax brackets, an end to the federal gun registration program, and importance of family values. The campaign was dogged by accusations: introducing a two-tier health care—the party would allow private health care to exist alongside the public medicare system; and for threatening the protection of gay rights and abortion rights. The latter accusations tended to focus on the party's residual^{[ clarification needed ]} direct democracy provisions in their platform. The accusations against his party platform, along with Day's relative inexperience compared to decades-experienced fixtures like Clark and Chrétien, led to the party fading from contention.

While they did not force the Liberals into minority government or finally eclipse the PC party, they did retain their official opposition status, and increased their numbers in the House of Commons by six seats, from 60 to 66. The Alliance ended up winning only two Ontario ridings. On election night, controversy arose when a CBC producer's gratuitously sexist comment about Stockwell Day's daughter-in-law, Juliana Thiessen-Day, was accidentally broadcast on the Canadian networks' pooled election feed from Day's riding.

Bloc Québécois

Logo of the Bloc Québécois during the election.

The Bloc Québécois suffered from the unpopular decision of its provincial counterpart, the ruling Parti Québécois government's agenda to merge the communities surrounding Quebec City into one community.^[20] Many Québécois were angered by this decision and voted in protest against the Bloc or chose to not vote at all to demonstrate their frustration.^[21] Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe received negative media attention after he decided to personally appoint candidate Noël Tremblay to run in the riding of Chicoutimi—Le Fjord in spite of the Bloc's riding association's selection of Sylvain Gaudreault to run in the riding.^[22] The Bloc's 177 page platform was criticized as being far too large and few copies were distributed and few internet users accessed the platform because of is length and was rarely discussed during the campaign.^[23] Instead, the Bloc produced large numbers of copies of small booklets that outlined the policies within the large platform.^[24] The Bloc campaigned to try to win over previous supporters of the PC Party.^[24] This campaign strategy failed, as the Bloc lost seats to the Liberal Party due to the collapse of Quebec support for the Progressive Conservative Party, whose voters shifted to the Liberal Party.^[25] The Bloc won in 38 ridings, six ridings fewer than in the 1997 election.

New Democratic Party

Logo of the New Democratic Party during the election.

The New Democratic Party suffered badly in the campaign due to the drop in support for the provincial New Democratic parties over the preceding decade and amid a scandal in 2000 facing British Columbia's NDP Premier Glen Clark who was forced to resign as Premier.^[26] Matters were made worse for the federal NDP after Saskatchewan's NDP Premier Roy Romanow resigned in 2000 after the party lost seats in the 1999 Saskatchewan provincial election, and afterwards suggested that the federal NDP should merge with the Liberal Party.^[26] In Nova Scotia, the provincial NDP lost seats in its 1999 election while the NDP government of the Yukon had been recently defeated.^[26] As Canada's major social democratic political party, it relied on support from the labour movement, but recent strains between the NDP and the Canadian Auto Workers union and the Canadian Labour Congress had weakened the party's base of support.^[26] The party had received little media attention during the election and 2000 as a whole, due to the media's focus on Canada's newest political party, the Canadian Alliance, the political comeback of former Prime Minister Joe Clark to the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party, and the leadership feud within the Liberal Party between Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin.^[10] The NDP did not expect to do well in the election and aimed to win thirty-two "must-win" seats.^[10]

The NDP's platform and campaign focused on protecting medicare while attacking the Liberal Party for its tax cuts to wealthy Canadians and corporations.^[4] The NDP's focus on attacking the Liberals failed to recognize the surging support for the Canadian Alliance in the province of Saskatchewan, which the NDP had hoped to gain seats in.^[27] The NDP failed to galvanize support, as it remained low in support in polling results throughout most of the election campaign.^[28] NDP leader Alexa McDonough performed badly in the French-language debate due to her not being fluent in French.^[29] In the English-language debate, McDonough attacked Alliance leader Stockwell Day for favouring two-tier health care and attacked Liberal leader Jean Chrétien for giving out tax cuts to the wealthy rather than funding Canada's public health care system.^[29]

Progressive Conservative Party

Logo of the Progressive Conservative Party during the election.

The Progressive Conservative Party aimed to regain its former place in Canadian politics under the leadership of former Prime Minister Joe Clark. The PC Party had a very disappointing election, falling from 20 to 12 seats, and being almost exclusively confined to the Maritime provinces and Newfoundland. It won the 12 seats needed for Official party status in the House of Commons, however. Failure to win 12 seats might have marginalized the party in the House of Commons, and likely led to a more rapid decline.

It should be noted that governing parties have the option of extending party status to caucuses of less than twelve members at their discretion. Had the Progressive Conservatives been just a few seats short of the requisite twelve and the NDP had stayed at least twelve seats, the Liberal government would likely have exercised this option as they had done for Social Credit in 1974.

37th Parliament Cdn2000.PNG — 37th Parliament

Results

↓
172	66	38	13	12
Liberal	Canadian Alliance	BQ	NDP	PC

e • d **Summary of the 2000 House of Commons of Canada election results**
Party		Party leader	Candidates	Seats				Popular vote
Party		Party leader	Candidates	1997	Dissol.	Elected	% Change	#	%	Change
	Liberal	Jean Chrétien	301	155	161	172	+11.0%	5,252,031	40.85%	+2.39pp
	Alliance	Stockwell Day	298	60	58	66	+10.0%	3,276,929	25.49%	+6.13pp¹
	Bloc Québécois	Gilles Duceppe	75	44	44	38	-13.6%	1,377,727	10.72%	+0.04pp
	New Democratic	Alexa McDonough	298	21	19	13	-38.1%	1,093,868	8.51%	-2.54pp
	Progressive Conservative	Joe Clark	291	20	15	12	-40.0%	1,566,998	12.19%	-6.65pp
	Green	Joan Russow	111	-	-	-	-	104,402	0.81%	+0.38pp
	Marijuana	Marc-Boris St-Maurice	73	*	-	-	*	66,258	0.52%	*
	No affiliation		57	-	-	-	-	37,591	0.29%	+0.28pp
	Canadian Action	Paul T. Hellyer	70	-	-	-	-	27,103	0.21%	+0.08pp
	Independent		29	1	4	-	-100%	17,445	0.14%	-0.32pp
	Natural Law	Neil Paterson	69	-	-	-	-	16,577	0.13%	-0.16pp
	Marxist–Leninist	Sandra L. Smith	84	-	-	-	-	12,068	0.09%	-
	Communist	Miguel Figueroa	52	*	-	-	*	8,776	0.09%	*
	Vacant				-
Total			1,808	301	301	301	±0.0%	12,857,773	100%	-
Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867

Notes:

"% change" refers to change from previous election

* - Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election

¹ - percentage change from Reform Party of Canada in previous election.

Vote and seat summaries

Popular vote

Liberal			40.85%
Canadian Alliance			25.49%
PC			12.19%
Bloc Québécois			10.72%
NDP			8.51%
Green			0.81%
Others			1.43%

Seat totals

Liberal			57.14%
Canadian Alliance			21.93%
Bloc Québécois			12.62%
NDP			4.32%
PC			3.99%

Results by province

Party name			BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PE	NL	NU	NT	YK	Total
	Liberal	Seats:	5	2	2	5	100	36	6	4	4	5	1	1	1	172
	Liberal	Popular vote:	27.7	20.9	20.7	32.5	51.5	44.2	41.7	36.5	47.0	44.9	69.0	45.3	32.9	40.8
	Canadian Alliance	Seats:	27	23	10	4	2	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	66
	Canadian Alliance	Vote:	49.4	58.9	47.7	30.4	23.6	6.2	15.7	9.6	5.0	3.9		17.6	27.0	25.5
	Bloc Québécois	Seats:						38								38
	Bloc Québécois	Vote:						39.9								10.7
	New Democratic	Seats:	2	-	2	4	1	-	1	3	-	-	-	-	-	13
	New Democratic	Vote:	11.3	5.4	26.2	20.9	8.3	1.8	11.7	24.0	9.0	13.1	18.3	26.9	32.1	8.5
	Progressive Conservative	Seats:	-	1	-	1	-	1	3	4	-	2	-	-	-	12
	Progressive Conservative	Vote:	7.3	13.5	4.8	14.5	14.4	5.6	30.5	29.1	38.4	34.5	8.1	10.1	7.6	12.2
Total seats:			34	26	14	14	103	75	10	11	4	7	1	1	1	301
Parties that won no seats:
	Green	Vote:	2.1	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.9	0.6		0.1	0.3		4.5			0.8
	Marijuana	Vote:	0.7	0.2		0.1	0.3	1.0	0.1	0.4						0.5
	Canadian Action	Vote:	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2									0.2
	Natural Law	Vote:	0.1				0.1	0.3	0.2		0.1	0.1				0.1
	Marxist–Leninist	Vote:	0.1				0.1	0.2		0.1						0.1
	Communist	Vote:	0.1			0.3	0.1	0.1								0.1
	Other	Vote:	0.4	0.4		1.0	0.6	0.2		0.2	0.1	4.4			0.4	0.4

Source: Elections Canada

Seat by seat results

Canadian federal election, 2000 (candidates)

Notes

Number of parties: 11
- First appearance: Marijuana Party of Canada
- Reappearance after hiatus: Communist Party of Canada
- Final appearance: Natural Law Party of Canada, Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
- First-and-only appearance: Canadian Alliance

10 closest ridings

1. Champlain, QC: Marcel Gagnon (BQ) def. Julie Boulet (Lib) by 15 votes
2. Laval Centre, QC: Madeleine Dalphond-Guiral (BQ) def. Pierre Lafleur (Lib) by 42 votes
3. Leeds—Grenville, ON: Joe Jordan (Lib) def. Gord Brown (CA) by 55 votes
4. Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, SK: Carol Skelton (CA) def. Dennis Gruending (NDP) by 68 votes
5. Yukon, YT: Larry Bagnell (Lib) def. Louise Hardy (NDP) by 70 votes
6. Tobique—Mactaquac, NB: Andy Savoy (Lib) def. Gilles Bernier (PC) by 150 votes
7. Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre, SK: Larry Spencer (CA) def. John Solomon (NDP) by 161 votes
8. Regina—Qu'Appelle, SK: Lorne Nystrom (NDP) def. Don Leier (CA) by 164 votes
9. Palliser, SK: Dick Proctor (NDP) def. Don Findlay (CA) by 209 votes
10. Matapédia—Matane, QC: Jean-Yves Roy (BQ) def. Marc Bélanger (Lib) by 276 votes
11. Cardigan, PE: Lawrence MacAulay (Lib) def. Kevin MacAdam (PC) by 276 votes

References

↑ Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
↑ "Parliament of Canada - Party Standings in the House of Commons". Parliament of Canada. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. The Canadian general election of 2000. Dundurn Press Ltd., 2001. ISBN 1-55002-356-X, ISBN 978-1-55002-356-5. Pp. 8.
1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 122.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 10.
↑ Stinson, Scott (6 May 2011). "Scott Stinson: Redefining the Liberals not a quick process". National Post. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 16.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 23.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 22-23.
1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 115.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 19.
1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 20.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 21.
1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 22.
1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 24.
1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 59.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 60.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 61.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 61-62.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140-141.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 141.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 144.
1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 145.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140, 145.
1 2 3 4 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 114.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 124.
↑ Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 127-128.
1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 128.

External links

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved 10 February 2012.

[2] "Parliament of Canada - Party Standings in the House of Commons". Parliament of Canada. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 19 April 2012.

[3] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. The Canadian general election of 2000. Dundurn Press Ltd., 2001. ISBN 1-55002-356-X, ISBN 978-1-55002-356-5. Pp. 8.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._122-4] 1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 122.

[5] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 10.

[6] Stinson, Scott (6 May 2011). "Scott Stinson: Redefining the Liberals not a quick process". National Post. Retrieved 30 March 2014.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._16-7] 1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 16.

[8] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 23.

[9] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 22-23.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._115-10] 1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 115.

[11] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 19.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._20-12] 1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 20.

[13] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 21.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._22-14] 1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 22.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._24-15] 1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 24.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._59-16] 1 2 3 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 59.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._60-17] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 60.

[18] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 61.

[19] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 61-62.

[20] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140.

[21] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140-141.

[22] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 141.

[23] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 144.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._145-24] 1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 145.

[25] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 140, 145.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._114-26] 1 2 3 4 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 114.

[27] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 124.

[28] Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 127-128.

[Dornan,_Christopher_Pp._128-29] 1 2 Dornan, Christopher; Pammett, Jon H. Pp. 128.

v t e ← Canadian federal election, 2000 →
Outgoing: Liberal majority Result: Liberal majority
Bloc Québécois (Gilles Duceppe) Canadian Action (Paul Hellyer, candidates) Canadian Alliance (Stockwell Day, candidates) Christian Heritage (de-registered, candidates) Communist (Miguel Figueroa, candidates) Green (Joan Russow, candidates) Liberal (Jean Chrétien, candidates) Marijuana (Marc-Boris St-Maurice, candidates) Marxist–Leninist (Sandra L. Smith, candidates) Natural Law (Neil Paterson, candidates) New Democrats (Alexa McDonough, candidates) Progressive Conservative (Joe Clark, candidates) Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons.
Results

v t e Canadian federal elections and referendums
Elections	1867 1872 1874 1878 1882 1887 1891 1896 1900 1904 1908 1911 1917 1921 1925 1926 1930 1935 1940 1945 1949 1953 1957 1958 1962 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 1993 1997 2000 2004 2006 2008 2011 2015 2019
By-elections to Parliament	1st (1867–1872) 2nd (1873–1874) 3rd (1874–1878) 4th (1879–1882) 5th (1883–1887) 6th (1887–1891) 7th (1891–1896) 8th (1896–1900) 9th (1901–1904) 10th (1905–1908) 11th (1909–1911) 12th (1911–1917) 13th (1918–1921) 14th (1921–1925) 15th (1926) 16th (1926–1930) 17th (1930–1935) 18th (1936–1940) 19th (1940–1945) 20th (1945–1949) 21st (1949–1953) 22nd (1953–1957) 23rd (1957–1958) 24th (1958–1962) 25th (1962–1963) 26th (1963–1965) 27th (1965–1968) 28th (1968–1972) 29th (1973–1974; no by-election) 30th (1974–1979) 31st (1979) 32nd (1980–1984) 33rd (1984–1988) 34th (1988–1993) 35th (1994–1997) 36th (1997–2000) 37th (2000–2004) 38th (2004–2006) 39th (2006–2008) 40th (2008–2011) 41st (2011–2015) 42nd (2015–present)
Referendums	1898 1942 1992
Federal political parties Federal electoral districts Historical federal electoral districts