Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 13

Last updated
Launch Complex 13
Mariner 3 on the launchpad.jpg
Atlas with Mariner 3 at Launch Complex 13 prior to launch on 4 November 1964
Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 13
Launch site Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
Location 28°29′09″N80°32′40″W / 28.4859°N 80.5444°W / 28.4859; -80.5444
Time zone UTC−05:00 (EST)
 Summer (DST)
UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Short nameLC-13
Operator United States Space Force (owner)
Phantom Space and Vaya Space (tenants, de jure)
SpaceX (tenant, de facto)
Total launches52
Launch pad(s)3 (includes 2 landing sites) [1]
Launch history
StatusRepurposed, land leased to SpaceX as Landing Zones 1 and 2
First launch2 August 1958
Atlas B
Last launch7 April 1978
Atlas-Agena (OPS 8790 / Aquacade)
Associated
rockets
Future: Daytona, [2] Dauntless [2]
Retired: SM-65 Atlas, Atlas-Agena
LZ-1 landing history
StatusRetired
Landings54
First landing22 December 2015
Falcon 9 Full Thrust (Orbcomm OG-2)
Last landing1 August 2025
Falcon 9 Block 5 (SpaceX Crew-11)
Associated
rockets
Retired: Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy
LZ-2 landing history
StatusActive
Landings13
First landing6 February 2018
Falcon Heavy (Falcon Heavy test flight)
Last landing22 August 2025
Falcon 9 Block 5 (X-37B OTV-8)
Associated
rockets
Current: Falcon 9
Retired: Falcon Heavy

Launch Complex 13 (LC-13), located at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida, was the third-most southerly of the original launch complexes known as Missile Row, lying between LC-12 and LC-14. In 2015, the LC-13 site was leased by SpaceX and was renovated for use as Landing Zone 1 and Landing Zone 2 (LZ-1 and LZ-2), the company's East Coast landing location for returning Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicle booster stages. It is leased by US Space Force to Phantom Space and Vaya Space who will operate this launch complex after the termination of SpaceX's lease in future. [2]

Contents

LC-13 was originally used for test launches of the SM-65 Atlas and subsequently for operational Atlas launches from 1958 to 1978. [3] It was the most-used and longest-serving of the original four Atlas pads. [note 1] It was inactive between 1980 and 2015.

LC-13 was on land owned by the US government and was originally controlled by the United States Air Force. It was transferred to NASA in 1964 and back to the Air Force in 1970. In January 2015, the land and remaining facilities at LC-13 were leased to SpaceX for a five-year lease. [4]

History

Together with Launch Complexes 11, 12 and 14, LC-13 featured a more robust design than many contemporary pads due to the greater power of the Atlas compared to other rockets of the time. It was larger and featured a concrete launch pedestal that was 6 metres (20 ft) tall and a reinforced blockhouse. The rockets were delivered to the launch pad by a ramp on the south side of the launch pedestal. [5]

SM-65 Atlas (1956–1961)

Starting in 1958, Atlas B, D, E and F missiles were tested from the complex.

One on-pad explosion occurred, the launch of Missile 51D in March 1960, which suffered combustion instability within seconds of launch. The Atlas fell back onto LC-13 in a huge fireball, putting the pad out of commission for the entire spring and summer of 1960.

Prior to the launch of Atlas 51D, the separate turbine exhaust ducts had been removed from the four Atlas pads at CCAS. A few weeks later, another Atlas exploded on LC-11 and it was then decided to reinstall the exhaust ducts, although it was considered unlikely that they had anything to do with the failures.

The next launch hosted from LC-13 was the first Atlas E test on October 11, exactly seven months after the accident with Missile 51D. Afterwards, LC-13 remained the primary East Coast testing site for Atlas E missiles, with Atlas F tests mainly running from LC-11 (Missile 2F in August 1961 was the only F-series Atlas launched from LC-13).

Atlas-Agena (1962–1978)

Demolition of mobile service tower in August 2005. Historic tower at Launch Complex 13 toppled (2000549817).jpg
Demolition of mobile service tower in August 2005.

Between February 1962 and October 1963 the pad was converted for use by Atlas-Agena. The modifications were more extensive than the conversions of LC-12 and LC-14 with the mobile service tower being demolished and replaced with a new, larger tower. The first launch from the renovated pad was Vela 1 on October 17, 1963.

Significant launches included:

The final launch from LC-13 was a Rhyolite satellite on 7 April 1978, using an Atlas-Agena. The pad was deactivated from 1980 to 2015.

On 16 April 1984, it was added to the US National Register of Historic Places; however it was not maintained and gradually deteriorated. On 6 August 2005 the mobile service tower was demolished as a safety precaution due to structural damage by corrosion. [8] [note 2] The blockhouse was demolished in 2012. [9]

Landing Zones 1 and 2 (from 2015)

Falcon 9 Flight 20 first stage touching down on Landing Zone 1 ORBCOMM-2 (23802552292).jpg
Falcon 9 Flight 20 first stage touching down on Landing Zone 1

On 10 February 2015, the Air Force announced that SpaceX signed a five-year lease for LC-13 to be used as a landing site for the first stage of their reusable launch vehicle, the Falcon 9. [3] [10] Over the next several months, the area east of the old launch architecture such as the mobile service tower track was torn up and transformed into a circular landing pad 195 m (640 ft) diameter named Landing Zone 1. Initially, the company planned to convert the facility into a set of five discrete landing zones, one large primary pad with four smaller alternate pads surrounding it. [3] [11] [12] However, other changes in future SpaceX plans—most notably the cancellation of a reusable Falcon 9 second stage in favor of what eventually became Starship—resulted in only one pad being actually constructed. LZ-1 hosted its first landing on 22 December 2015 as part of Falcon 9's 20th flight, carrying eleven Orbcomm-OG2 satellites. [13] [14] [15]

In July 2016, SpaceX applied for permission on building two additional landing pads at LC-13, to be used as a site for the two side boosters of Falcon Heavy. [16] This eventually resulted in the construction of Landing Zone 2, located at the former complex retention pool north of the Atlas pad and sized 126 m (415 ft) in diameter. LZ-2 first saw use as part of Falcon Heavy's maiden flight on 6 February 2018, and was first used for a standard Falcon 9 booster on 11 December 2022 as part of Hakuto-R Mission 1.

During a press conference leading up to the launch of SpaceX Crew-11, William Gerstenmaier announced on 30 July 2025 that LZ-1 would be decommissioned following the flight on 1 August, to be replaced with landing areas located adjacent to their launch pads at Space Launch Complex 40 and Launch Complex 39A. [17] [18] He additionally clarified that LZ-2 would continue to be used on an interim basis while the new pads get constructed.

Phantom Space and Vaya Space (from 2023)

On 7 March 2023, the United States Space Force announced that LC-13 was to be leased to companies Phantom Space Corporation and Vaya Space for respective use by their Daytona and Dauntless launch vehicles. [19] Space Launch Delta 45 provided justification as a way to optimize the use of excess launch property and the Eastern Range along Florida's coastline. [20] Unlike with the simultaneous leases granted to Stoke Space at LC-14 and ABL Space Systems at LC-15, the official transfer of operations was not performed until the expiration of the SpaceX lease at the end of July 2025.

Launch and landing history

Launch statistics

Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 13
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4km
2.5miles
28
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27
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26
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25
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24
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23
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22
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21
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20
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19
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18
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17
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16
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15
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14
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13
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12
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11
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10
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9
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8
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7
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6
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5
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4
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3
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2
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  Active pads
  Active pads not used for launches
  Inactive leased pads
  Inactive unleased pads
1
LC-39B
2
LC-39A
3
LC-48
4
SLC-41
5
SLC-40
6
LC-47
7
SLC-37
8
LC-34
9
SLC-20
10
LC-19
11
LC-16
12
LC-15
13
LC-14
14
LC-13 (LZ-2)
15
LC-12
16
LC-11
17
LC-36
18
LC-1, LC-2, LC-3, and LC-4
19
SLC-46
20
LC-21 and LC-22
21
LC-31 and LC-32
22
LC-18
23
SLC-17
24
LC-26
25
LC-5 and LC-6
26
LC-30
27
LC-25
28
LC-29
3
6
9
12
15
1960
1965
1970
1975

All launches before 1964 and after 1970 operated by the United States Air Force. All other launches operated by NASA.

No.DateTime (UTC)Launch vehicleConfigurationPayloadResultRemarks
12 August 195822:16 SM-65 Atlas Atlas B Suborbital testSuccessFirst launch from LC-13 and maiden flight of the Atlas B.
218 September 195821:27 SM-65 Atlas Atlas B Suborbital testFailureTurbopump failure caused premature booster engine shutdown 80 seconds after launch, leading to vehicle breakup.
314 April 195921:46 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testFailureMaiden flight of the Atlas D. Valve closing failure at liftoff led to vehicle explosion 26 seconds after launch.
46 June 195917:39 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testFailureValve failure during booster staging resulted in loss of tank pressure and vehicle breakup 157 seconds after launch.
511 August 195918:01 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
617 September 195902:09 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
710 October 195903:10 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
84 November 195921:37 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testPartial failureImpactor prediction system malfunction led to erroneous shutdown by range safety officer, leading to shorter than planned trajectory.
924 November 195919:48 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
109 December 195900:10 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
1119 December 195900:48 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
127 January 196001:40 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
1327 January 196001:31 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
1412 February 196004:11 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testSuccess
1511 March 196000:36 SM-65 Atlas Atlas D Suborbital testFailureBooster engine malfunction resulted in missile losing thrust and falling back onto pad.
1611 October 196019:15 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testFailureMaiden flight of the Atlas E. Hydraulic disconnect caused sustainer engine failure, leading to rocket to tumble and beak up after staging, 154 seconds after launch.
1730 November 196001:12 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testFailureHydraulic disconnect caused sustainer engine failure, leading to rocket to tumble after staging and falling into the Atlantic Ocean.
1824 January 196121:55 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testFailureAerodynamic heating resulted in vernier failure, causing unstable flight trajectory.
1924 February 196118:29 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testSuccess
2014 March 196104:17 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testFailurePropellant utilization malfunction caused premature fuel depletion, leading to sustainer engine shutdown and loss of vehicle.
2125 March 196101:49 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testPartial failureWiring fault led to failure of helium control gas, causing lack of gas needed to perform booster jettison.
2226 May 196102:26 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testSuccess
2323 June 196103:00 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testFailureGyro spin motor set to incorrect speed, causing pitch rate mishap and missile breakup 101 seconds after launch.
247 July 196104:51 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testSuccess
259 August 196104:31 SM-65 Atlas Atlas F Suborbital testSuccessMaiden flight of the Atlas F.
269 September 196101:42 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testFailureGas generator failure during staging led to sustainer engine failure.
275 October 196113:42 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testSuccess
2810 November 196114:55 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testFailureCarried a squirrel monkey as a biological payload. Improper installation of pressure transducer led to sustainer engine failure during launch, leading to RSO protocols being activated 35 seconds into flight.
291 December 196120:40 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testSuccess
3020 December 196103:32 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testSuccess
3113 February 196220:55 SM-65 Atlas Atlas E Suborbital testSuccess
3217 October 196302:37 Atlas-Agena Atlas LV-3 / Agena-D Vela 1A and Vela 1B SuccessFirst orbital launch from LC-13 and first Atlas-Agena launch from LC-13.
3317 July 196402:37 Atlas-Agena Atlas LV-3 / Agena-DOPS-3662 and OPS-3674 (Vela)Success
345 November 196419:22 Atlas-Agena Atlas LV-3 / Agena-D Mariner 3 FailurePart of the Mariner program, designed to explore Mars. First civilian launch from LC-13, and first launch from the pad into heliocentric orbit. Payload fairing failed to separate, preventing satellite from being able to operate.
3520 July 196508:27 Atlas-Agena Atlas LV-3 / Agena-DOPS-6564 and OPS-6577 (Vela)Success
3610 August 196619:26 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3 / Agena-D Lunar Orbiter 1 SuccessFirst mission of the Lunar Orbiter program, designed to survey the Moon from orbit in anticipation of manned exploration. First American spacecraft to enter Lunar orbit.
376 November 196620:23 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3 / Agena-D Lunar Orbiter 2 SuccessPart of the Lunar Orbiter program, designed to survey the Moon from orbit in anticipation of manned exploration.
385 February 196701:17 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3 / Agena-D Lunar Orbiter 3 SuccessPart of the Lunar Orbiter program, designed to survey the Moon from orbit in anticipation of manned exploration.
394 May 196722:25 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3 / Agena-D Lunar Orbiter 4 SuccessPart of the Lunar Orbiter program, designed to survey the Moon from orbit in anticipation of manned exploration. Satellite placed in polar orbit to help survey the entirety of the near side of the Moon.
401 August 196722:33 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3 / Agena-D Lunar Orbiter 5 SuccessLast mission of the Lunar Orbiter program, designed to survey the Moon from orbit in anticipation of manned exploration. Satellite placed in polar orbit to help survey the entirety of the far side of the Moon.
414 March 196813:06 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-D OGO-5 SuccessPart of the Orbiting Geophysical Observatory program, aimed at studying Earth's magnetosphere.
426 August 196811:08 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-2222 (Canyon)Success
4313 April 196902:30 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-3148 (Canyon)Success
4419 June 197011:37 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-5346 (Rhyolite)Success
451 September 197022:40 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-7329 (Canyon)Success
464 December 197122:33 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-D Canyon FailureGas generator failure resulted in sustainer engine shutdown, and RSO protocols 62 seconds after launch.
4720 December 197222:20 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-9390 (Canyon)Success
486 March 197309:30 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-6063 (Rhyolite)Success
4918 June 197509:00 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-4966 (Canyon)Success
5023 May 197718:13 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-9751 (Canyon)Success
5111 December 197722:45 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-4258 (Aquacade)Success
527 April 197800:45 Atlas-Agena Atlas SLV-3A / Agena-DOPS-8790 (Aquacade)SuccessFinal flight of a standard Atlas-Agena and final Agena flight from Cape Canaveral. The final flight launched with a modified Atlas E/F from SLC-3W at Vandenberg. Final flight from LC-13 before conversion to LZ-1 and LZ-2. Most recent launch from LC-13.

Landing statistics

LZ-1

3
6
9
12
15
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

All landings operated by SpaceX.

No.Date (UTC)Launch vehicleBooster flightLaunch sitePayloadLanding result
122 December 2015 Falcon 9 Full Thrust 1019 SLC-40 Orbcomm OG2 Success
218 July 2016 Falcon 9 Full Thrust 1025.1 SLC-40 SpaceX CRS-9 Success
319 February 2017 Falcon 9 Full Thrust 1031.1 LC-39A SpaceX CRS-10 Success
41 May 2017 Falcon 9 Full Thrust 1032.1 LC-39A NROL-76 Success
53 June 2017 Falcon 9 Full Thrust 1035.1 LC-39A SpaceX CRS-11 Success
614 August 2017 Falcon 9 Block 4 1039.1 LC-39A SpaceX CRS-12 Success
77 September 2017 Falcon 9 Block 4 1040.1 LC-39A X-37B OTV-5 Success
815 December 2017 Falcon 9 Full Thrust 1035.2 SLC-40 SpaceX CRS-13 Success
98 January 2018 Falcon 9 Block 4 1043.1 SLC-40 Zuma Success
106 February 2018 Falcon Heavy 1023.2 LC-39A Falcon Heavy test flight Success
115 December 2018 Falcon 9 Block 5 1050 SLC-40 SpaceX CRS-16 Failure
1211 April 2019 Falcon Heavy 1052.1 LC-39A Arabsat-6A Success
1325 June 2019 Falcon Heavy 1052.2 LC-39A STP-2 Success
1425 July 2019 Falcon 9 Block 5 1056.2 SLC-40 SpaceX CRS-18 Success
157 March 2020 Falcon 9 Block 5 1059.2 SLC-40 SpaceX CRS-20 Success
1630 August 2020 Falcon 9 Block 5 1059.4 SLC-40 SAOCOM 1B Success
1719 December 2020 Falcon 9 Block 5 1059.5 LC-39A NROL-108 Success
1825 June 2021 Falcon 9 Block 5 1060.8 SLC-40 Transporter-2 Success
1913 January 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 1058.10 SLC-40 Transporter-3 Success
2031 January 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 1052.3 SLC-40 CSG-2 Success
2125 May 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 1061.8 SLC-40 Transporter-5 Success
221 November 2022 Falcon Heavy 1064.1 LC-39A USSF-44 Success
238 December 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 1069.4 LC-39A OneWeb L15 Success
243 January 2023 Falcon 9 Block 5 1060.15 SLC-40 Transporter-6 Success
2510 January 2023 Falcon 9 Block 5 1076.2 SLC-40 OneWeb L16 Success
2615 January 2023 Falcon Heavy 1065.2 LC-39A USSF-67 Success
279 March 2023 Falcon 9 Block 5 1062.13 SLC-40 OneWeb L17 Success
2821 May 2023 Falcon 9 Block 5 1080.1 LC-39A Axiom Mission 2 Success
2929 July 2023 Falcon Heavy 1064.3 LC-39A EchoStar-24 Success
3026 August 2023 Falcon 9 Block 5 1081.1 LC-39A SpaceX Crew-7 Success
3113 October 2023 Falcon Heavy 1064.4 LC-39A Psyche Success
3210 November 2023 Falcon 9 Block 5 1081.2 LC-39A SpaceX CRS-29 Success
3329 December 2023 Falcon Heavy 1064.5 LC-39A X-37B OTV-7 Success
343 January 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1076.10 SLC-40 Ovzon-3Success
3518 January 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1080.5 LC-39A Axiom Mission 3 Success
3630 January 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1077.10 SLC-40 Cygnus CRS NG-20 Success
378 February 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1081.4 SLC-40 PACE Success
3815 February 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1060.18 LC-39A IM-1 Success
394 March 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1083.1 LC-39A SpaceX Crew-8 Success
4021 March 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1080.6 SLC-40 SpaceX CRS-30 Success
417 April 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1073.14 LC-39A Bandwagon-1 Success
4225 June 2024 Falcon Heavy 1072.1 LC-39A GOES-19 Success
434 August 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1080.10 SLC-40 Cygnus CRS NG-21 Success
4415 August 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1076.16 SLC-40 WorldView Legion 3 and 4Success
4512 September 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1078.13 SLC-40 BlueBird Block 1 #1-5 Success
4628 September 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1085.2 SLC-40 SpaceX Crew-9 Success
475 November 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1083.5 LC-39A SpaceX CRS-31 Success
4811 November 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1067.23 LC-39A Koreasat 6ASuccess
494 February 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1086.4 LC-39A WorldView Legion 5 and 6Success
5014 March 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1069.22 LC-39A SpaceX Crew-10 Success
5124 March 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1092.2 SLC-40 NROL-69 Success
5221 April 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1092.3 LC-39A SpaceX CRS-32 Success
5325 June 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1094.2 LC-39A Axiom Mission 4 Success
541 August 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1094.3 LC-39A SpaceX Crew-11 Success

LZ-2

1
2
3
4
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

All landings operated by SpaceX.

No.Date (UTC)Launch vehicleBooster flightLaunch sitePayloadLanding result
16 February 2018 Falcon Heavy 1025.2 LC-39A Falcon Heavy test flight Success
211 April 2019 Falcon Heavy 1053.1 LC-39A Arabsat-6A Success
325 June 2019 Falcon Heavy 1053.2 LC-39A STP-2 Success
41 November 2022 Falcon Heavy 1065.1 LC-39A USSF-44 Success
511 December 2022 Falcon 9 Block 5 1073.5 SLC-40 Hakuto-R Mission 1 Success
615 January 2023 Falcon Heavy 1064.2 LC-39A USSF-67 Success
729 July 2023 Falcon Heavy 1065.3 LC-39A EchoStar-24 Success
813 October 2023 Falcon Heavy 1065.4 LC-39A Psyche Success
929 December 2023 Falcon Heavy 1065.5 LC-39A X-37B OTV-7 Success
1014 February 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5 1078.7 SLC-40 USSF-124 Success
1125 June 2024 Falcon Heavy 1086.1 LC-39A GOES-19 Success
1222 April 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1090.3 SLC-40 Bandwagon-3 Success
1322 August 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1092.6 LC-39A X-37B OTV-8 Success
1415 September 2025 Falcon 9 Block 5 1094.4 SLC-40 Cygnus CRS NG-23 Planned

Notes

  1. The original four Atlas pads were LC-11, 12, 13 and 14.
  2. The structure was so unstable that it could not be safely dismantled and had to be toppled by a controlled explosion before it could be taken apart. This has since become the standard method of dismantling launch complexes at Cape Canaveral and was used in the demolition of Titan infrastructure at LC-40 and LC-41, Atlas infrastructure at LC-36, and Delta infrastructure at SLC-17 and SLC-37.

References

  1. William Graham (March 28, 2022). ""Missile Row" pads at Cape Canaveral returning to action". nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 @TGMetsFan98 (March 7, 2023). "The US Space Force and @SLDelta45 have newly allocated three launch pads to four companies: SLC-15 (former Titan pad) to ABL Space Systems; SLC-14 (former Atlas pad) to Stoke Space; SLC-13 to Phantom Space and Vaya Space. Interestingly, SLC-13 is currently LZ-1 and 2" (Tweet). Retrieved March 19, 2023 via Twitter.
  3. 1 2 3 Gruss, Mike (10 February 2015). "SpaceX Leases Florida Launch Pad for Rocket Landings". Space.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  4. Clark, Stephen (17 February 2015). "SpaceX leases property for landing pads at Cape Canaveral, Vandenberg". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  5. "Wikimapia - LC-13 from Google Satellite". wikimapia.org.
  6. "Cape Canaveral LC13". Archived from the original on 2008-12-24.
  7. "Cape Canaveral LC13". astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-24.
  8. "Spaceflight Now - Breaking News - Historic Cape Canaveral launch pad toppled".
  9. "Launch Complex 13". afspacemuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
  10. "45th Space Wing, SpaceX sign first-ever landing pad agreement at the Cape". 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  11. Powers, Scott (17 February 2015). "SpaceX hopes to land rockets at Cape". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  12. "Draft Environmental Assessment for the Space Exploration Technologies Vertical Landing of the Falcon Vehicle and Construction at Launch Complex 13 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Florida" (PDF). USAF. October 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-08. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
  13. Graham, William (2015-12-21). "SpaceX returns to flight with OG2, nails historic core return". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 2015-12-21. During Monday's launch, the first stage made its historic return to LZ-1 and successfully landed in a milestone event for SpaceX.
  14. "Rocket landing at Cape Canaveral planned after SpaceX launch". SapceflightNow. 2015-12-19. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  15. Dean, James (2015-12-01). "SpacexSpaceX wants to land next booster at Cape Canaveral". Florida Today. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  16. Santana, Marco (18 July 2016). "SpaceX seeks approval for two additional landing pads on Space Coast". Orlando Sentinel . Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  17. @SpaceflightNow (July 30, 2025). "Gerstenmaier said the landing of B1094 will be the final use of Landing Zone 1, but they will continue to use Landing Zone 2. That site, Launch Complex 13 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, is being transitioned to a joint use by Vaya Space and Phantom Space. Vaya is aiming for its first launch in 2026" (Tweet). Retrieved July 30, 2025 via Twitter.
  18. Davenport, Justin (2025-04-17). "Cape launch sites bustling with activity, New Glenn and Starship preparations underway". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  19. @TGMetsFan98 (March 7, 2023). "The US Space Force and @SLDelta45 have newly allocated three launch pads to four companies: SLC-15 (former Titan pad) to ABL Space Systems; SLC-14 (former Atlas pad) to Stoke Space; SLC-13 to Phantom Space and Vaya Spac. Interestingly, SLC-13 is currently LZ-1 and 2" (Tweet). Retrieved March 28, 2023 via Twitter.
  20. Raub, Dakota (2023-05-15). "Eastern Range Launch Pad Allocations Drive Innovation and Development". Space Launch Delta 45. Archived from the original on 2023-12-15. Retrieved 2024-04-29.