Centipede (video game)

Last updated
Centipede
Centipede-arcade-flyer.jpg
Arcade flyer
Developer(s) Atari, Inc.
Publisher(s)
Designer(s) Dona Bailey
Ed Logg
Programmer(s) Arcade
Dona Bailey
Ed Logg
Atari 8-bit
Dave Getreu [3]
Platform(s) Arcade, Apple II, Atari 8-bit, Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 7800, BBC Micro, ColecoVision, Commodore 64, Game Boy, IBM PC, Intellivision, TI-99/4A, VIC-20
ReleaseArcade
Atari 8-bit
2600, 5200
Intellivision
C64
7800
Genre(s) Fixed shooter
Mode(s)1-2 players alternating turns

Centipede is a 1981 fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Atari, Inc. [7] Designed by Dona Bailey and Ed Logg, it was one of the most commercially successful games from the golden age of arcade video games and one of the first with a significant female player base. The primary objective is to shoot all the segments of a centipede that winds down the playing field. An arcade sequel, Millipede , followed in 1982.

Contents

Centipede was ported to Atari's own Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 7800, and Atari 8-bit family. Under the Atarisoft label, the game was sold for the Apple II, Commodore 64, ColecoVision, VIC-20, IBM PC (as a self-booting disk), Intellivision, and TI-99/4A. [8] Superior Software published the port for the BBC Micro. Versions for the Game Boy and Game Boy Color were also produced, as well as a version for the short-lived Game.com developed by Handheld Games and published by Tiger Electronics.

Gameplay

A new game, with the centipede at the top and a spider in the lower right Centipede arcade.png
A new game, with the centipede at the top and a spider in the lower right

The player controls the small insect-like creature called the Bug Blaster. It is moved around the bottom area of the screen with a trackball and fires small darts at a segmented centipede advancing from the top of the screen through a field of mushrooms. Each segment of the centipede becomes a mushroom when shot; shooting one of the middle segments splits the centipede into two pieces at that point. Each piece then continues independently on its way down the screen, with the rear piece sprouting its own head. If the centipede head is destroyed, the segment behind it becomes the next head. Shooting the head is worth 100 points while the other segments are 10. The centipede starts at the top of the screen, traveling either left or right. When it touches a mushroom or reaches the edge of the screen, it descends one level and reverses direction. The player can destroy mushrooms (a point each) by shooting them, but each takes four shots to destroy. At higher levels, the screen can become increasingly crowded with mushrooms due to player/enemy actions, causing the centipede to descend more rapidly.

Arcade machine Centipede Arcade Automat.jpg
Arcade machine

Once the centipede reaches the bottom of the screen, it stays within the player area and one-segment "head" centipedes will periodically appear from the side. This continues until the player has eliminated both the original centipede and all heads. When all the centipede's segments are destroyed, another one enters from the top of the screen. The initial centipede is 10 or 12 segments long, including the head; each successive centipede is one segment shorter and accompanied by one detached, faster-moving head. This pattern continues until all segments are separate heads, after which it repeats with a single full-length centipede.

The player also encounters other creatures besides the centipedes. Fleas drop vertically and disappear upon touching the bottom of the screen, occasionally leaving a trail of mushrooms in their path when only a few mushrooms are in the player movement area; they are worth 200 points each and take two shots to destroy. Spiders move across the player area in a zig-zag pattern and eat some of the mushrooms; they are worth 300, 600, or 900 points depending on the range they are shot from. Scorpions move horizontally across the screen, turning every mushroom they touch into poison mushrooms. Scorpions are also worth the most points of all enemies with 1,000 points each. A centipede touching a poison mushroom will attack straight down toward the bottom, then return to normal behavior upon reaching it. This "poisoned" centipede can be both beneficial and detrimental to the player; the player can destroy them rapidly as it descends down, while at the same time, they can be very challenging to avoid, especially if already split into multiple segments.

The Bug Blaster is destroyed when hit by any enemy, after which any poisonous or partially damaged mushrooms revert to normal. 5 points are awarded for each regenerated mushroom. An extra life is awarded every 12,000 points.

Development

Dona Bailey and Ed Logg developed Centipede for Atari. [9] Logg, a supervisor, said that he did the design, while Bailey did about half of the programming. [10] Bailey was one of the few female game programmers in the industry. [11] Logg said that the game was intended to attract women players; he believed that its design was not biased by sex, unlike a fighting or sports game. Bailey said: "I really like pastels ... I really wanted it to look different, to be visually arresting". [12] [10] Bailey had only recently discovered video games when she heard the song "Space Invader" (1979) by The Pretenders and then played Space Invaders (1978), but she was one of the few American women at the time with experience in assembly language programming. [13]

Reception

Atari 8-bit computer cartridge (1982) Centipede computer game for Atari 8 bit computers 1982.jpg
Atari 8-bit computer cartridge (1982)

Centipede was one of the top four highest-grossing arcade games of 1982 in the United States, along with Ms. Pac-Man , Pac-Man and Donkey Kong . [14] The Atari VCS port of Centipede sold 1,475,240 cartridges during 1982 to 1983, becoming the 11th-best-selling Atari game. [15]

It was also one of the first coin-operated arcade video games to have a significant female player base. [16] [17] How to Win Video Games (1982) estimated that half of its players and 60% of Pac-Man 's were women, while 95% of Defender players were men. [18]

In 1983, Softline readers named Centipede ninth on the magazine's Top Thirty list of Atari 8-bit programs by popularity. [19] The game received the award for "1984 Best Computer Action Game" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards where the judges described it as "pack[ing] a real roundhouse punch", and suggested that some "insist that [the Centipede] Atari cartridge is the best home-arcade edition you can buy". [20] : 28  David H. Ahl of Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games said that the Atari 5200 version was "delightful fun". [21]

In a 1984 Video review of the Apple II version of the game, Bill Kunkel and Arnie Katz commented that "the graphic limits of the Apple crimp the style" and expressed disappointment in the game's "sluggish" interfacing with trackball controllers. [22]

In 1995, Flux magazine ranked the arcade version 15th on their "Top 100 Video Games". [23] In 1996, Next Generation listed the arcade version as number 84 on their "Top 100 Games of All Time", praising the cool concept, trackball control, and that it is accessible enough that "any human on the planet can play it well enough to enjoy it" yet "hard enough that even excellent gamers find it challenging". [24]

In 2020, The Strong National Museum of Play inducted Centipede to its World Video Game Hall of Fame. [25]

Reviews

Legacy

Re-releases

Sequels and remakes

Centipede was followed by Millipede in 1982.

In 1992, Atari Games developed a prototype of an arcade game called Arcade Classics for their 20th anniversary, which includes Missile Command 2 and Super Centipede with co-op 2-player mode. [29]

A 3D fantasy role-playing game based on the original game was being developed by Dark Science for the Atari Jaguar CD under the working title Centipede 2000. [30] The source code of the project no longer exists and the only remaining proof of its existence is a short video clip from the developer. [31] [32] [33]

In 1998, after acquiring the intellectual property of Atari from then-owner JT Storage, Hasbro Interactive released a new version of the game for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, Dreamcast, and Mac OS. It is very different from the original: 3D graphics, free movement around the map, and a campaign which can be played in single-player or multiplayer mode.

In 2011, Atari, SA released Centipede: Infestation for Nintendo 3DS and Wii.

In 2019, ICE created a remaster of Centipede known as Centipede Chaos for arcades.

In 2020, GameTaco released Centipede: Cash Blast for iOS. [34]

A revamped version of the game, titled Centipede: Recharged, was released for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Google Stadia, and Atari VCS with exclusive content in September 2021 as part of the company's Atari Recharged series.

Clones

The Centipede concept was widely cloned, especially for home systems.

Arcade clones

  • War of the Bugs or Monsterous Manouvers[ sic ] in a Mushroom Maze, by Food and Fun Corp./Armenia Ltd in 1981 [35]
  • Jackler, by Konami in 1982 [36]
  • Slither, by GDI in 1982 and ported to ColecoVision [37]

Home system clones

In other media

In 1983, Milton Bradley released a two-player board game based on the video game. [50] Another board game based on Centipede was published by IDW Publishing in 2017. [51]

In 1989, a deadpan narration describing the original game appeared on side 2 of Negativland's third cassette release, The Weatherman (SSTC902), which consists of clips from the Over the Edge radio show sometime between 1982 and 1984. The narrator may be Ed Logg. [52]

American rock band The Strokes used promotional artwork for the game on their 2003 single "Reptilia".

Centipede appears in the film Pixels . [53]

In May 2016, Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films closed with Atari to produce and finance both Centipede and Missile Command film adaptations. [54]

Dynamite Entertainment started a limited run comic book series based on Centipede in July 2017. [55]

Competitive arena

The game was chosen for the final round of the 1981 Atari World Championships run by Tournament Games International. The men's champion was Eric Ginner and the women's champion was Ok-Soo Han. [56]

The world record score on the arcade version of Centipede was 16,389,547 points by Jim Schneider of the USA on August 1, 1984. [57]

Donald Hayes of Windham, New Hampshire, scored a world record 7,111,111 points under tournament rules on the arcade version of Centipede on November 5, 2000. [58] [59]

Related Research Articles

<i>Asteroids</i> (video game) 1979 video game

Asteroids is a space-themed multidirectional shooter arcade video game designed by Lyle Rains and Ed Logg released in November 1979 by Atari, Inc. The player controls a single spaceship in an asteroid field which is periodically traversed by flying saucers. The object of the game is to shoot and destroy the asteroids and saucers, while not colliding with either, or being hit by the saucers' counter-fire. The game becomes harder as the number of asteroids increases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeff Minter</span> British video game designer

Jeff Minter is an English video game designer and programmer who often goes by the name Yak. He is the founder of software house Llamasoft and has created dozens of games during his career, which began in 1981 with games for the ZX80. Minter's games are shoot 'em ups which contain titular or in-game references demonstrating his fondness of ruminants. Many of his programs also feature something of a psychedelic element, as in some of the earliest "light synthesizer" programs including Trip-a-Tron.

<i>Millipede</i> (video game) 1982 video game

Millipede is a fixed shooter video game released in arcades by Atari, Inc. in 1982. The sequel to 1981's Centipede, it has more gameplay variety and a wider array of insects than the original. The objective is to score as many points as possible by destroying all segments of the millipede as it moves toward the bottom of the screen, as well as eliminating or avoiding other enemies. The game is played with a trackball and a single fire button which can be held down for rapid-fire.

<i>Missile Command</i> 1980 shoot em up arcade video game

Missile Command is a 1980 shoot 'em up arcade video game developed and published by Atari, Inc. and licensed to Sega for Japanese and European releases. It was designed by Dave Theurer, who also designed Atari's vector graphics game Tempest from the same year. The game was released during the Cold War, and the player uses a trackball to defend six cities from intercontinental ballistic missiles by launching anti-ballistic missiles from three bases.

<i>Battlezone</i> (1980 video game) 1980 video game

Battlezone is a first-person shooter tank combat game released for arcades in November 1980 by Atari, Inc. The player controls a tank which is attacked by other tanks and missiles. Using a small radar scanner along with the terrain window, the player can locate enemies and obstacles around them in the barren landscape. Its innovative use of 3D graphics made it a huge hit, with approximately 15,000 cabinets sold.

<i>Frogger</i> 1981 video game

Frogger is a 1981 arcade action game developed by Konami and published by Sega. In North America, it was distributed by Sega/Gremlin. The object of the game is to direct five frogs to their homes by dodging traffic on a busy road, then crossing a river by jumping on floating logs and alligators.

<i>Manic Miner</i> 1983 video game

Manic Miner is a platform game written for the ZX Spectrum by Matthew Smith. It was published by Bug-Byte in 1983, then later the same year by Software Projects. The first game in the Miner Willy series, the design was inspired by Miner 2049er (1982) for the Atari 8-bit family. Retro Gamer called Manic Miner one of the most influential platform games of all time, and it has been ported to numerous home computers, video game consoles, and mobile phones.

<i>Qix</i> 1981 arcade game

Qix is a 1981 puzzle video game developed by husband and wife team Randy and Sandy Pfeiffer and published in arcades by Taito America. Qix is one of a handful of games made by Taito's American division. At the start of each level, the playing field is a large, empty rectangle, containing the Qix, an abstract stick-like entity that performs graceful but unpredictable motions within the confines of the rectangle. The objective is to draw lines that close off parts of the rectangle to fill in a set amount of the playfield.

<i>Tempest</i> (video game) Atari vector arcade game from 1981

Tempest is a 1981 arcade game by Atari Inc., designed and programmed by Dave Theurer. It takes place on a three-dimensional surface divided into lanes, sometimes as a closed tube, and viewed from one end. The player controls a claw-shaped "blaster" that sits on the edge of the surface, snapping from segment to segment as a rotary knob is turned, and can fire blaster shots to destroy enemies and obstacles by pressing a button.

<i>Time Pilot</i> 1982 video game

Time Pilot is a multidirectional shooter arcade video game designed by Yoshiki Okamoto and released by Konami in 1982. It was distributed in the United States by Centuri, and by Atari Ireland in Europe and the Middle East. While engaging in aerial combat, the player-controlled jet flies across open airspace that scrolls indefinitely in all directions. Each level is themed to a different time period. Home ports for the Atari 2600, MSX, and ColecoVision were released in 1983.

<i>Crystal Castles</i> (video game) 1983 video game

Crystal Castles is an arcade game released by Atari, Inc. in 1983. The player controls Bentley Bear who has to collect gems located throughout trimetric-projected rendered castles while avoiding enemies, some of whom are after the gems as well.

<i>Moon Patrol</i> 1982 video game

Moon Patrol is a 1982 arcade video game developed and released by Irem. It was licensed to Williams for distribution in North America. The player controls a Moon buggy which can jump over and shoot obstacles on a horizontally scrolling landscape as well as shoot aerial attackers. Designed by Takashi Nishiyama, Moon Patrol is often credited with the introduction of full parallax scrolling in side-scrolling games. Cabinet art for the Williams version was done by Larry Day. Most of the home ports were from Atari, Inc., sometimes under the Atarisoft label.

<i>Commando</i> (video game) 1985 video game

Commando, released as Senjō no Ōkami in Japan, is a vertically scrolling run and gun video game released by Capcom for arcades in 1985. The game was designed by Tokuro Fujiwara. It was distributed in North America by Data East, and in Europe by several companies including Capcom, Deith Leisure and Sega, S.A. SONIC. Versions were released for various home computers and video game consoles. It is unrelated to the 1985 film of the same name, which was released six months after the game.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dona Bailey</span> American video game programmer (born 1955)

Dona Bailey is an American video game programmer and educator. Bailey, along with Ed Logg in 1981, developed Atari, Inc.'s arcade video game Centipede.

<i>Xybots</i> 1987 video game

Xybots is a 1987 third-person shooter arcade game by Atari Games. In Xybots, up to two players control "Major Rock Hardy" and "Captain Ace Gunn", who must travel through a 3D maze and fight against a series of robots known as the Xybots whose mission is to destroy all mankind. The game features a split screen display showing the gameplay on the bottom half of the screen and information on player status and the current level on the top half. Designed by Ed Logg, it was originally conceived as a sequel to his previous title, Gauntlet. The game was well received, with reviewers lauding the game's various features, particularly the cooperative multiplayer aspect. Despite this, it was met with limited financial success, which has been attributed to its unique control scheme that involves rotating the joystick to turn the player character.

<i>Dandy</i> (video game) 1983 video game

Dandy is a dungeon crawl maze game for the Atari 8-bit family published by the Atari Program Exchange in 1983. It is one of the first video games with four-player, simultaneous cooperative play. Players equipped with bows and unlimited arrows fight through a maze containing monsters, monster spawners, keys, locked doors, food, and bombs in search of the exit leading to the next level. If a player dies, they can be revived by finding and shooting a heart. The game includes an editor for making new dungeons.

<i>Gridrunner</i> 1982 video game

Gridrunner is a fixed shooter video game written by Jeff Minter and published by Llamasoft for the VIC-20 in 1982. It was ported to the Atari 8-bit family, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Commodore PET and Dragon 32. Many remakes and sequels have followed, including versions for the Atari ST, Amiga, Pocket PC, Microsoft Windows, and iOS.

<i>Serpentine</i> (video game) 1982 video game

Serpentine is a video maze game written by David Snider for the Apple II and published by Broderbund in 1982. Serpentine's gameplay and visuals are similar to the Konami arcade game, Jungler, released the previous year. It was ported to the Commodore 64 and the Atari 8-bit family. A VIC-20 version was licensed to Creative Software.

<i>Bug Attack</i> Fixed shooter video game

Bug Attack is a fixed shooter video game written by Jim Nitchals for the Apple II and published by Cavalier Computer in 1981. An Atari 8-bit family version was released in 1982. Bug Attack is based on Atari, Inc.'s Centipede arcade game.

References

  1. 1 2 "Video Game Flyers: Centipede, Atari, Inc. (Germany)". The Arcade Flyer Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Sentipido". Media Arts Database. Agency for Cultural Affairs . Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  3. ↑ Hague, James. "The Giant List of Classic Game Programmers".
  4. ↑ "Games". Orlando Sentinel . June 28, 1991. p. 308. Retrieved March 22, 2024. "Centipede is supposed to be better than Missile Command," Kubicki said, adding that the real test will come when Centipede is released in four to six weeks.
  5. ↑ "Atari 2600 Video Game Release Dates for 1983".
  6. 1 2 "Year-End Index" (PDF). Computer Entertainer . Vol. 3, no. 10. January 1985. p. 156.
  7. ↑ "TI-99/4A-Pedia: Centipede" . Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  8. ↑ Ortutay, Barbara (June 30, 2012). "Dona Bailey, a rare female programmer in Atari's early days, recalls birth of 'Centipede'". VancouverDesi.com. Associated Press / DesiWireFeed. Archived from the original on October 9, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
  9. 1 2 Rouse, Richard III (2010). "Chapter 6: Interview: Ed Logg". Game Design: Theory and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 93–94. ISBN   9781449633455.
  10. ↑ Burnham, Van (2001). Supercade: a visual history of the videogame age 1971-1984. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 220. ISBN   0-262-02492-6. Archived from the original on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
  11. ↑ Krueger, Anne (March 1983). "Welcome to the Club". Video Games. p. 51. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  12. ↑ "The Unsung Female Programmer Behind Atari's Centipede". Vice . Retrieved 2019-12-14.
  13. ↑ "1982 Jukebox / Games Route Survey". Cash Box . Cash Box Pub. Co. 20 November 1982. p. 53.
  14. ↑ Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in.
  15. ↑ Kent, Steven (2001). From Pong to Pokémon and beyond: The Ultimate History of Video Games: the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. pp. 160–162. ISBN   0-7615-3643-4.
  16. ↑ "Girl Power". Electronic Gaming Monthly . No. 103. Ziff Davis. February 1998. p. 86.
  17. ↑ How to Win Video Games. Pocket Books. 1982. pp. 83–84, 87. ISBN   0-671-45841-8.
  18. ↑ "The Most Popular Atari Program Ever". Softline. March 1983. p. 44. Archived from the original on 2014-07-29. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  19. ↑ Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (February 1984). "Arcade Alley: The 1984 Arcade Awards, Part II". Video . Vol. 7, no. 11. Reese Communications. pp. 28–29. ISSN   0147-8907.
  20. ↑ Ahl, David H. (Spring 1983). "Atari 5200 Advanced Game System". Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games. p. 46. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
  21. ↑ Kunkel, Bill; Katz, Arnie (March 1984). "Arcade Alley: We Still Want Action". Video . Vol. 7, no. 12. Reese Communications. p. 23. ISSN   0147-8907.
  22. ↑ "Top 100 Video Games". Flux (4). Harris Publications: 27. April 1995.
  23. ↑ "Top 100 Games of All Time". Next Generation . No. 21. Imagine Media. September 1996. p. 43.
  24. ↑ "Centipede". The Strong National Museum of Play . The Strong . Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  25. ↑ "GAMES Magazine #34". December 1982.
  26. ↑ [ dead link ]
  27. ↑ "glu games - Centipede". 2007-10-06. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  28. ↑ "Arcade Classics Videogame by Atari Games (1992) - The International Arcade Museum and the KLOV". Arcade-museum.com. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  29. ↑ Willard (November 4, 2014). "Canceled Centipede RPG on Atari Jaguar CD". racketboy.com. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
  30. ↑ Willard (May 4, 2003). "Centipede 2000". AtariAge . Retrieved 2018-09-22.
  31. ↑ Reutter, Hans (November 19, 2000). "Unreleased Or Unfinished Jaguar Games - Centipede 2000 (working title)". cyberroach.com. Archived from the original on 2018-04-02. Retrieved 2018-09-22.
  32. ↑ Jean La Montarde (January 24, 2014). Centipede 2000 for Atari Jaguar - Engine demo. YouTube . Archived from the original on 2021-12-12.
  33. ↑ "Atari Centipede: Cash Blast by Game Taco, Inc".
  34. ↑ "War Of The Bugs Videogame by Food and Fun Corp./Armenia Ltd. (1981) - The International Arcade Museum and the KLOV". Arcade-museum.com. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  35. ↑ "Jackler Videogame by Konami (1982) - The International Arcade Museum and the KLOV". Arcade-museum.com. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  36. ↑ Classic Game Room reviews COLECOVISION ROLLER CONTROLLER (YouTube) (YouTube). Lord Karnage. 2008. Event occurs at 4:45. Archived from the original on 2015-01-10. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Bio and Gameography of Jim Nitchals (Bug Attack, Microwave, Teleport...)". Game Designers Remembered. Archived from the original on 2016-08-22. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  38. ↑ "Bug Off!". Atari Mania. Archived from the original on 2016-08-29. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  39. 1 2 Linzmayer, Owen; Ahl, David H. (Spring 1983). "TRS-80 Color Computer Games". Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games. 1 (1): 104. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  40. ↑ "Megalegs". Atari Mania. Archived from the original on 2016-08-29. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  41. ↑ "VIC-20 Cartridge Software Reviews". Zimmers.net. Archived from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  42. ↑ Bug Blaster at Lemon 64
  43. ↑ "Centi-Bug". World of Spectrum. Archived from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
  44. ↑ "Megapede". Nitros9.lcurtisboyle.com. Archived from the original on 2010-11-30. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  45. ↑ Boyle, L. Curtis. "Wiggle Worm". The Tandy Color Computers Game List. Archived from the original on 2016-06-29. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
  46. ↑ "COMPUTE!'s Gazette Index, page 1". Atarimagazines.com. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
  47. ↑ "CHAMP Centipede-em". The CHAMP Games Fan Page. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
  48. ↑ "BuGS version 1.0 released – Rand-Emonium Software".
  49. ↑ "Centipede: The Board Game". SydLexia.com. Archived from the original on 2016-11-29. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  50. ↑ "IDW Games Announces Atari Partnership". IDW Publishing. 8 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-04-06. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  51. ↑ Negativland, The Weatherman. Cassette only, SST Records SSTC902. Negativland Discography Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine at The Skeptic Tank.
  52. ↑ "Classic video game characters unite via film 'Pixels'". Philstar. July 23, 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-07-23. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  53. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (May 12, 2016). "Atari Classic Arcade Games Centipede & Missile Command Headed For Big Screen". Deadline. Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  54. ↑ "Dynamite® Centipede #1". www.dynamite.com. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
  55. ↑ "1981 Atari World Championships History". 2012-11-12. Archived from the original on 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
  56. ↑ "Twin Galaxies Centipede Rankings". Archived from the original on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2017-08-30.
  57. ↑ "Guinness World Records 2008 - Gamer's Edition", page 240
  58. ↑ "Welcome to Twin Galaxies". Twingalaxies.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-01. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.