Clifton and Compton | |
---|---|
Civil parish | |
![]() Holy Trinity Church at Clifton | |
![]() | |
Location within Derbyshire | |
Area | 1.40 sq mi (3.6 km2) [1] |
Population | 500 (2011) [1] |
• Density | 357/sq mi (138/km2) |
OS grid reference | SK 167448 |
• London | 124 mi (200 km) SE |
Civil parish |
|
District | |
Shire county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Settlements |
|
Post town | ASHBOURNE |
Postcode district | DE6 |
Dialling code | 01335 |
Police | Derbyshire |
Fire | Derbyshire |
Ambulance | East Midlands |
UK Parliament | |
Website | Clifton parish council |
Clifton and Compton is a civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, in the county of Derbyshire, England. The parish, despite the name, only includes the villages of Clifton and Hangingbridge; there is a place named Compton [2] nearby in Ashbourne parish. In 2011 the parish had a population of 500. [1] It is 124 miles (200 km) north west of London, 13 miles (21 km) north west of the county city of Derby, and 1+1⁄3 miles (2+1⁄4 km) south west of the market town of Ashbourne. Clifton and Compton touches the parishes of Ashbourne, Edlaston and Wyaston, Mayfield, Offcote and Underwood, Osmaston, Okeover and Snelston. [3] There are eight listed buildings in Clifton and Compton. [4]
Clifton: This was reported in Domesday as Cliptune and Cliftune, before a recognisable form appearing in public records from the 13th century, meaning 'farm on a hill-slope'. [5]
Compton: Meaning 'valley with an enclosure' or possibly 'valley in which a fight took place', this was first recorded in the 13th century. [6]
Clifton and Compton, as a political entity it was created in 1866 from a combined parish township. [7]
Clifton and Compton is surrounded by the following local areas:
The parish is bounded roughly by the A52 road along the north, the River Dove by the west, Sides Lane and Dobbinhorse Lane along the south, and Wyaston Road to the east.
The two settlements within the parish are:
The larger of the two areas, it is sited west of the A515 road which then routes through the town of Ashbourne and beyond. It is hemmed in by the now defunct railway route to Ashbourne as well as Henmore brook to the west, and higher ground to the south. It lies centre west of the parish, and while primarily residential, the village maintains some core amenities such as church, village community centre and school. Cliftoncross is a small cluster of residences attached to the village at its northern perimeter surrounding Doles Lane.
This is 1⁄2 mile (3⁄4 km) north of Clifton, separated by greenfield land and the Henmore brook. Hangingbridge is named after the bridge which crosses the River Dove nearby, usually as the words joined as one to distinguish it from the structure. It is a semi-rural village with a number of built-up areas in close proximity, and comprises a nucleus of residential buildings centred around Watery Lane with surrounding farms. However, there are several commercial premises along the A52 Mayfield Road,.
Primarily farmland throughout the parish outside the villages, there is some small forestry plots throughout the parish. Clifton village is relatively 'leafy' with trees interspersed amongst residences and gardens.
The River Dove is much of the western boundary of the parish, which is also the county border. Henmore Brook enters the parish at its north eastern edge, and as a tributary flows into the Dove.
The parish contains some of the highest land locally, ranging from 110 metres (360 ft) at Hangingbridge, 120–125 metres (394–410 ft) in Clifton, the Ashbourne Golf Club in the north east plateaus at 165 metres (541 ft), while the parish peak is by the far east boundary at 172 metres (564 ft).
The name Compton (post Domesday it was known as Campdene) may go back to before the Norman Conquest in 1066, although it was only first recorded in the middle 13th century. The name may mean ‘the valley where a fight occurred’. [6] In the period 875 to 925 Ashbourne was between land controlled by the English and the Danish. Derby was conquered in 917 by the English, and further fighting around Compton is possible. Compton is in present times a suburb within the town of Ashbourne. However, it was readded administratively to Ashbourne in 1894, originally being in a combined township of the town until 1846 before Clifton and Compton became a separate parish. [8] The north edge with Ashbourne, the Henmore Brook was a boundary before the Conquest. Compton itself was divided between two townships divided by Compton Street in the town, the east of Compton was in Sturston and the western portion was part of Clifton. This dividing line location was likely introduced before Compton was settled and could also be pre-Conquest. [9] Unusually, the Compton subtitle was not removed from the remaining parish name and remains to this day.
Along with Compton it once formed a township in the parish of Ashbourne, then a separate parish until Compton was reabsorbed by Ashbourne. By the 1880s much of Clifton and Sturston was owned by the Smith family who made their wealth from cheese processing, with factories in the vicinity. They were great donators, providing money for playgrounds, a cricket pitch, as well as the Holy Trinity Church. At various times they also lived at Clifton Hall. In 1899 according to White's Directory, John Harrison of Snelston Hall, was lord of the manor, the Smith family and G. H. Errington from Southampton being recorded as principal landowners. [8] Although Ashbourne and Dove Valley Golf Club was established in 1886, it was sited elsewhere at a number of locations until 1909 when it moved to Clifton and a 9-hole course was built on land, the majority of which originally formed part of Hollies Farm. Further land was later obtained from Lodge Farm allowing expansion to its present 18 holes. [10]
This is a small hamlet originally consisting of a few cottages on the road from Ashbourne to Clifton, only a few hundred yards from the core village. The lane from Ashbourne to Clifton village was crossed by a road from Leek and Manchester which had passed over Hanging Bridge in Mayfield parish, and through Green Lane, and went across moorland country to join the old road from Ashbourne to Tutbury about a 2 miles to the south side of Ashbourne. The south edge of this crossroad from Clifton Cross onwards has been closed since the early 1800s, though it was kept open for a number of years longer as a bridle track. Traces of the road exist on what is the present day golf course and surrounding fields. [11]
The Hall stands on land which was owned by 1460 with the Cockayne family of Ashbourne. They continued to hold the manor under the Fitzherberts of Norbury until 1594. The manor then transferred to the Hayne family who may have been responsible for its build in the mid-18th Century. The house was later purchased by William Smith, a local cheese products manufacturer, remaining with the family until the death of Rev F C Smith in 1933. In 1948 the hall was divided into two homes and was sold in 1950. A later owner returned the hall to the original single house in the late 1960s. In 1975 it was again sold and run as a small hotel, this owner then divided the remaining land for building and sold the hall in 1998, becoming again a private residence. [12]
The Hanging Bridge is a structure with five pointed arches situated some 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) west of the village of Hangingbridge. It was probably built in the 14th century though it was partly concealed by widening in 1937. [13] this improvement serving to illustrate the progression from medieval packhorse transport to larger-scale cart transport. It is thought that the bridge was named following the events of 1745, however it was already often referred to as Hanging Bridge at least 200 years earlier, and more likely the name of Hanging Bridge came from an early form of suspension bridge that spanned the River Dove, and not because it was a place of execution. [14] [15]
The 1745 legend involved the defeat of Bonnie Prince Charlie in Derby in 1745, with his forces making their way back to the north, they took their frustrations at their defeat out on the locals. As they passed through Mayfield, the villagers used the church as a refuge, but were shot at by the soldiers. The invaders were supposedly caught and hanged from gallows over the side of the bridge. [16] A gibbet was found near Mayfield at the junction of Gallowstree Lane and Old Bank. Road junctions were then the usual place for siting gallows so that the corpses of those hung would be seen by all passers-by to deter others from being involved in crime. The gallows were a landmark feature that would have been easily seen from a distance. The gallows may have been a tree or it could have been a built structure. In 1745 executions were unlikely to have occurred elsewhere, particularly somewhere relatively less prominent such as the Hanging Bridge. [14]
Additionally, James Rolleston (or Rolston), a member of a wealthy family and an MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme [17] that gave to the building of Mayfield church in the 1300s and then added the tower in 1515, mentioned the Hanging Bridge in his will. He left £2 each for repairs to both the church and the "Hanging Bridge", the will dated 1553. Even before this, an earlier reference to the bridge is in a 13th-century local charter written in Latin. [18] Another theory is that the word ‘hanging’ derives from the Old English word ‘han’ meaning a wild bird and ‘gan’ meaning at the bottom of a hill. It is possible that a thousand years ago Saxons were already referring to the crossing as ‘Hangan Bridge’, with it extending to the modern form at some later date. [14]
Hangingbridge the settlement, was transferred from Offcote and Underwood township to Clifton in 1887. [8]
Clifton (for Mayfield) railway station was sited along the North Staffordshire Railway, Ashbourne branch. It was opened in 1852, and closed in 1963. It was accessed via Watery Lane, the station building is now a private residence.
The present Anglican parish church, Holy Trinity Church in Clifton, is to an 1845 design by Henry Isaac Stevens to replace an earlier chapel of ease St. Mary's, which due to disuse and decay was demolished in 1750. [19] [20] The apse and bell tower were added later, in 1868, by Slater and Carpenter. [13]
Other denominations included a Primitive Methodist chapel built in 1830, and a Wesleyan Methodist chapel built in 1860, both were located in Mayfield Road. [21]
There are 500 residents recorded within the parish for the 2011 census. [1]
The settlements Clifton, Hangingbridge and their surrounding rural areas are combined as one parish for administrative identity. This is managed at the first level of public administration by Clifton and Compton Parish Council. At district level, the wider area is overseen by Derbyshire Dales district council. Derbyshire County Council provides the highest level strategic services locally.
There are eight listed structures in the parish, most including the church and the public house at Hangingbridge are Grade II, with the Hanging Bridge carrying the A52 over the River Dove at the higher designation of Grade II*. [4]
This is a medieval football game played annually on Shrove Tuesday and Ash Wednesday in the town of Ashbourne in Derbyshire, England. One of the goals is in Clifton by the Henmore Brook along Watery Lane, and is in an adjoining commemorative garden.
There is a number of tumulus (historic burial mounds) throughout the wider region, with two sites in the south east of the parish known as the Tinker's Inn bowl barrows, both recorded as scheduled monuments. [22] [23]
There is a school in the main village, Clifton Primary. [24]
A community hall is in use at Clifton village. There is a recreation ground in Clifton. There are public houses at both villages. Ashbourne Golf Club takes up a sizeable portion of the north eastern corner of the parish. [10]
Ashbourne is a market town in the Derbyshire Dales district in Derbyshire, England. Its population was measured at 8,377 in the 2011 census and was estimated to have grown to 9,163 by 2019. It has many historical buildings and independent shops. The town offers a historic annual Shrovetide football match. Its position near the southern edge of the Peak District makes it the closest town to Dovedale, to which Ashbourne is sometimes referred to as the gateway.
Baslow is a village in Derbyshire, England, in the Peak District, situated between Sheffield and Bakewell, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Chatsworth House. It is sited by the River Derwent, which is spanned by a 17th-century bridge, alongside which is a contemporary toll house.
The A52 is a major road in the East Midlands, England. It runs east from a junction with the A53 at Newcastle-under-Lyme near Stoke-on-Trent via Ashbourne, Derby, Stapleford, Nottingham, West Bridgford, Bingham, Grantham, Boston and Skegness to the east Lincolnshire coast at Mablethorpe. It is approximately 147 miles (237 km) long.
The River Dove is the principal river of the southwestern Peak District, in the Midlands of England, and is around 45 miles (72 km) in length. It rises on Axe Edge Moor near Buxton and flows generally south to its confluence with the River Trent at Newton Solney. From there, its waters reach the North Sea via the Humber Estuary. For almost its entire course it forms the boundary between the counties of Staffordshire and Derbyshire. The river meanders past Longnor and Hartington and cuts through a set of deep limestone gorges, Beresford Dale, Wolfscote Dale, Milldale and Dovedale.
Ruddington is a large village in the Borough of Rushcliffe in Nottinghamshire, England. The village is 5 miles (8 km) south of Nottingham and 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Loughborough. It had a population of 6,441 at the 2001 Census, increasing to 7,216 at the 2011 Census and 7,674 in 2021. Ruddington is twinned with Grenay, France.
Brailsford is a small red-brick village and civil parish in Derbyshire on the A52 midway between Derby and Ashbourne. The parish also includes Brailsford Green. The civil parish population at the 2011 Census was 1,118. The village has a pub, a golf club, a post office and a school. There are many fine houses in the district including two 20th-century country houses: Brailsford Hall built in 1905 in Jacobean style, and Culland Hall.
Wilford is a village and former civil parish in the Nottingham district, in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. The village is to the northeast of Clifton, southwest of West Bridgford, northwest of Ruddington and southwest of Nottingham city centre. It is at a meander of the River Trent.
Snelston is a village and civil parish three miles south-west of Ashbourne in Derbyshire, England. It includes Anacrehill. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 202. A tributary of the River Dove flows through its centre.
Lewis Nockalls Cottingham was a British architect who pioneered the study of Medieval Gothic architecture. He was a restorer and conservator of existing buildings. He set up a Museum of Medieval Art in Waterloo Road, London with a collection of artefacts from demolished buildings and plaster casts of the medieval sculpture.
Edlaston is a village three miles south of Ashbourne in Derbyshire, just off the A515 road. It is in close proximity to the hamlet of Wyaston, and the civil parish is called Edlaston and Wyaston. It had a population of 220 at the 2011 Census.
Ashbourne railway station formerly served the town of Ashbourne in Derbyshire. There have been two stations in the town. The first, opened in 1852, was operated by the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR); it was replaced in 1899 by a station at a new location, jointly operated by the NSR and the London and North Western Railway (LNWR). In 1923 the station passed into the ownership of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and in 1948 that of the London Midland Region of British Railways. It was finally closed to all traffic in 1963.
Mayfield is a village on the outskirts of Ashbourne in Derbyshire, about 9 miles from Uttoxeter, situated in East Staffordshire.
Clifton is a village in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England. The village is situated about 1.2 miles (2 km) south west of Ashbourne, and is close to the border with Staffordshire. The appropriate civil parish is called Clifton and Compton. The population of this civil parish at the 2011 Census was 500.
The Henmore Brook or the River Henmore is a tributary of the River Dove in Derbyshire, England, and is 20 km in length.
Edlaston and Wyaston is a civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, in the county of Derbyshire, England. The parish includes the villages of Edlaston and Wyaston. In 2011 the parish had a population of 220, which increased to 241 in the census of 2021. It is 120 miles (190 km) north west of London, 11 miles (18 km) north west of the county city of Derby, and 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) south of the market town of Ashbourne. Edlaston and Wyaston touches the parishes of Clifton and Compton, Osmaston, Rodsley, Shirley, Snelston and Yeaveley. There are seven listed buildings in Edlaston and Wyaston.
Offcote and Underwood is a civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, in the county of Derbyshire, England. Largely rural, in 2011 the parish had a population of 526. It is 125 miles (201 km) north west of London, 13 miles (21 km) north west of the county city of Derby, and 1 mile north east of the market town of Ashbourne. Offcote and Underwood borders the Peak District, and touches the parishes of Ashbourne, Bradley, Clifton and Compton, Fenny Bentley, Kniveton, Mapleton and Okeover. There are 12 listed buildings in Offcote and Underwood.
Eaton and Alsop is a civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, in the county of Derbyshire, England. Largely rural, in 2021 Eaton and Alsop had a population of only 80 residents. It is 130 miles (210 km) north west of London, 17 miles (27 km) north west of the county city of Derby, and 6 miles (9.7 km) north of the market town of Ashbourne. Eaton and Alsop is wholly within the Peak District national park, and touches the parishes of Alstonefield, Hartington Nether Quarter, Newton Grange and Parwich. There are five listed buildings in Eaton and Alsop.
Clifton and Compton is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England. The parish contains eight listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Clifton and Hangingbridge, and the surrounding area. The listed buildings consist of houses, cottages and associated structures, a church, its lychgate and wall, a road bridge, and a public house.
Tissington and Lea Hall is a civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, which is in the county of Derbyshire, England. Named for its settlements and sparsely built up with much rural expanse, its population was 134 residents in the 2021 census. The parish is 125 miles (201 km) north west of London, 15 miles (24 km) north west of the county town of Derby, and 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the nearest market town of Ashbourne. It shares a boundary with the parishes of Ballidon, Bradbourne, Fenny Bentley, Kniveton, Newton Grange, Parwich and Thorpe. The parish is wholly within the Peak District National Park.