Cordia dichotoma

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Cordia dichotoma
Cordia dichotoma (Lasora) in Hyderabad W IMG 7089.jpg
Leaves in Hyderabad, India
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Cordia
Species:
C. dichotoma
Binomial name
Cordia dichotoma
Synonyms [3]
List
    • Cordia blancoiS.Vidal in Revis. Pl. Vasc. Filip.: 192 (1886)
    • Cordia blancoi var. mollisMerr. in Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 61-62 (1905)
    • Cordia browniiA.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 499 (1845)
    • Cordia dichotoma var. brunneaKurz in Forest Fl. Burma 2@ 208 (1877)
    • Cordia griffithiiC.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 139 (1883)
    • Cordia indicaLam. in Encycl. 7: 49 (1806)
    • Cordia ixiocarpaF.Muell. in Fragm. 1: 59 (1858)
    • Cordia latifoliaRoxb. in Fl. Ind. 2: 330 (1824)
    • Cordia loureiroiRoem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 465 (1819)
    • Cordia myxa var. ixiocarpa(F.Muell.) Domin in Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 543 (1928)
    • Cordia obliquaWilld. in Phytographia 1: 4 (1794)
    • Cordia obliqua var. tomentosaKazmi in J. Arnold Arbor. 51(2): 143 (1970), nom. superfl.
    • Cordia obliqua var. wallichii(G.Don) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 137 (1883)
    • Cordia premnifoliaRidl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 68: 12 (1915)
    • Cordia suaveolensBlume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 843 (1826)
    • Cordia subdentataMiq. in Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 571 (1861)
    • Cordia tomentosaWall. in W.Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 339 (1824)
    • Cordia tremulaGriseb. in Fl. Brit. W. I.: 479 (1862)
    • Cordia wallichiiG.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 379 (1837)
    • Gerascanthus dichotomus(G.Forst.) Borhidi in Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 404 (1988)
    • Gerascanthus griffithii(C.B.Clarke) Borhidi in Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 405 (1988)
    • Gerascanthus suaveolens(Blume) Borhidi in Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 407 (1988)
    • Lithocardium griffithii(C.B.Clarke) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891)
    • Lithocardium platyphyllumKuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891)
    • Lithocardium suaveolens(Blume) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891)
    • Lithocardium subdentatumKuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891)
    • Lithocardium tremulum(Griseb.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891)
    • Sebestena indica(Lam.) Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 38 (1838)
    • Varronia integerrimaStokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 424 (1812)
    • Varronia sinensisLour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 138 (1790)

Cordia dichotoma is a species of flowering tree in the borage family, Boraginaceae, that is native to the Indomalayan realm, northern Australia, and western Melanesia. [2]

Contents

Common names in English include fragrant manjack, [4] clammy cherry, glue berry tree and Indian cherry. [2]

Description

Cordia dichotoma is a small to moderate-sized deciduous tree with a short bole and spreading crown. The stem bark is greyish brown, smooth or longitudinally wrinkled. Flowers are short-stalked, bisexual, white in colour which open only at night. The fruit is a yellow or pinkish-yellow shining globose which turns black on ripening and the pulp gets viscid.

Habitat and range

Cordia dichotoma is native to China (Fujian, Guangdong Guangxi, Guizhou, southeast Tibet, and Yunnan) the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, Taiwan, India (including East and West Himalayas, [3] ), Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Australia (Northern Territory and Queensland), [2] New Caledonia and Vanuatu. [1] It is a tree of tropical and subtropical regions. It is found in a variety of forests ranging from the dry deciduous forests of Rajasthan to the moist deciduous forests of Western Ghats and tidal forests in Myanmar.

It has been introduced into; Cuba, Florida, Guatemala, Leeward Islands, Marianas, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Tobago, Trinidad and the Windward Islands. [3]

Ecology

The larvae of the butterfly Arhopala micale feed on leaves of C. dichotoma.

Uses

A jar of Taiwanese Cordia dichotoma fruits with ginger Fragrantmanjackjar.jpg
A jar of Taiwanese Cordia dichotoma fruits with ginger

The immature fruits are pickled (see South Asian pickles) and are also used as a vegetable fodder. The leaves also yield good fodder. The fruits of C. dichotoma are edible. [5]

'Joshanda' is a Unani herbal medicine, known for its ability to manage colds, coughs, sore throats, nasal congestion, respiratory problems, and fevers. [6] It consists of seeds of 'Khatmi' ( Althaea officinalis ), fruits of 'Sapistan' (Cordia dichotoma), dried rhizomes of 'mulethi '( Glycyrrhiza glabra ), seeds of 'Khubbazi' ( Malva rotundifolia ), leaves of 'Gaozaban' ( Onosma bracteatum ), flowers of Banafsha ( Viola odorata ) and the dried fruits of 'Unnab' ( Ziziphus jujuba ). [7] Its fruits of C. dichotoma are a rich source of polysaccharides and are potential sources of phytochemicals with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. [6]

Symbolism

It is the symbol of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province in Thailand.

Related Research Articles

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Cordia is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It contains 228 species of shrubs and trees, that are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Many of the species are commonly called manjack, while bocote may refer to several Central American species in Spanish.

<i>Prunus padus</i> Species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae

Prunus padus, known as bird cherry, hackberry, hagberry, or Mayday tree, is a flowering plant in the rose family. It is a species of cherry, a deciduous small tree or large shrub up to 16 metres (52 ft) tall. It is the type species of the subgenus Padus, which have flowers in racemes. It is native to northern Europe and northern and northeast Asia, and is grown as an ornamental in North America.

<i>Cassia fistula</i> Species of plant

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<i>Pterocarpus indicus</i> Species of legume

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<i>Syzygium cumini</i> Species of tree

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<i>Spondias mombin</i> Species of tree

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<i>Bombax ceiba</i> Species of plant

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<i>Prunus cerasoides</i> Species of tree

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<i>Terminalia chebula</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Pterocarpus macrocarpus</i> Species of legume

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<i>Tecoma stans</i> Species of tree

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<i>Peltophorum pterocarpum</i> Species of legume

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<i>Pyracantha crenulata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Mimusops elengi</i> Species of tree

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<i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Species of tree

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<i>Guazuma ulmifolia</i> Species of tree

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<i>Schleichera</i> Genus of trees

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<i>Casearia graveolens</i> Species of plant

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<i>Aporosa octandra</i> Tree species

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References

  1. 1 2 Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2021). "Cordia dichotoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T61986401A207735485. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Cordia dichotoma". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2011-04-18.
  3. 1 2 3 "Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  4. "Cordia dichotoma". Encyclopedia of Life . National Museum of Natural History . Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  5. Bachheti, Archana; Deepti; Bachheti, Rakesh Kumar; Singh, Anjita; Zebeaman, Meseret; Hunde, Yilma; Husen, Azamal (2023). "Bioactive constituents and health promoting compounds of underutilized fruits of the northern Himalayas of India: a review". Food Production, Processing and Nutrition. 5 (24). doi: 10.1186/s43014-023-00140-5 .
  6. 1 2 Rahayu, E.S.; Martin, P.; Dewi, N.K.; Kurniawan, F.H. (2017). "Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.: Bioecology and population density". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 824 (1): 012059. Bibcode:2017JPhCS.824a2059R. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/824/1/012059 . 012059.
  7. "Top 10 Best Health Benefits and Uses of Joshanda". Gyanunlimited. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2023.