History
Early Newark family
In the city of Newark, New Jersey, the Italian criminals were divided into two ethnic factions; the "Sicilians" and the "Neapolitans". The Sicilian Mafia faction was headed by Stefano "Don Steven" Badami, while the Neapolitan faction was led by Ruggiero "the Boot" Boiardo. In 1920, Prohibition began in the United States and it presented many gangs with the opportunity to make a lot of money through bootlegging, the selling and transportations of illegal alcohol. With large amounts of money to be earned violence reputed throughout cities and towns in New Jersey as criminals fought for territory and dominance to control illegal bootlegging rackets. Violence erupted in Newark as criminals fought to control bootlegging rackets, but the two most powerful bosses in the city were Neapolitan faction boss Richard Boiardo and Jewish gangster Abner "Longie" Zwillman.
The Neapolitan boss Boiardo secured control of the First Ward, which was known as Newark's Little Italy and operated a large bootlegging operation in Newark and throughout New Jersey. [10] While Jewish gangster Zwillman, was based out of the Third Ward where he controlled one of the largest bootlegging operations in New Jersey. [11] Boiardo had grown up in Chicago until 1910, when he moved to Newark at the age of twenty. [12] By the early 1920s Boiardo had controlled a number of lottery games, a large extortion racket from shaking down merchants for protections money, and a large bootlegging operation. [12] Boiardo was very overweight but a very flashy dresser often wearing a belt buckle studded with 150 diamonds that had an estimated worth $20,000, a five-carat diamond ring and a fifteen-diamond pin to hold his tie in place. [12] In early 1930, Boiardo order his First Ward gang to expand into the Third Ward territory and by demanding saloon owners to buy liquor from Boiardo. [12] This started the Newark bootleg wars lasted several weeks as Boiardo's First Ward gang wagged war against Zwillman's Third Ward gang. [12] In late 1930, both Boiardo and Zwillman decided to end the war after numerous failed assassination attempts against each other. [12] During thanksgiving week of November 1930, Boiardo survived an assassination attempt after a gunman fired a shotgun into his car hitting him with thirteen slugs his neck, mouth, chest and arm. [12] [13] In early December of 1930, Boiardo was released from the hospital, only to be arrested by the Police for having a gun in his possession during his assassination attempt later he was sentenced to two and half years in prison. [12] At the same time Boiardo was on trial for gun possession Zwillman was imprisoned for assault and began serving six months in jail. [12] After begin released from prison Boiardo and Zwillman ended the fighting. [12]
In February 1930, a bloody Mafia war in New York City, known as the Castellammarese War started as Sicilian Castellammarese Mafia boss Salvatore Maranzano challenged New York City Mafia boss Joe "The Boss" Masseria for the position of capo dei capi . In Newark, the Sicilian boss Badami joined Maranzano's alliance, while Neapolitan boss Boiardo sided with Masseria. [14] On April 15, 1931, Masseria was murdered, leaving Maranzano the most powerful mobster in America. Maranzano appointed Badami the boss and Sam Monaco the underboss of the Newark family. [14] On September 10, 1931, Maranzano was murdered leaving Badami without protection from his enemies. Days later on September 13, 1931, Badami's underboss Sam Monaco and top member Louis Russo were discovered dead after their bodies were found floating in Newark Bay. [15] The loss of Monaco and Russo caused Badami to flee Newark, leaving the family without leadership. [15] [14] The Newark family broke apart, as many members joined the Gagliano family's Jersey crew, while the remaining members stayed with Gaspare D'Amico.
D'Amico had moved to Newark during the early 1920s, settling in the Northeastern neighborhood of Woodside. [14] When D'Amico took over as boss, he faced a number of rebellions against his leadership. [14] In 1935, D'Amico was challenged by Vincenzo Troia for control of the Newark family, but he acted quickly and ordered Troia and his associates murdered. [14] [16] [17] The second challenge against D'Amico leadership occurred in 1937, when Salvatore Lombardino and others attempted to murder him but failed. [14] During the assassination attempt D'Amico's father was murdered, fearing for his own life D'Amico fled the United States and relocated to Puerto Rico where he later died in October 1975. [14] It was later discovered by the Commission that Profaci family boss Joseph Profaci, had backed Lombardino and had ordered the assassination attempt on D'Amico. [14]
The Commission decided to disband the Newark family, while declaring Newark an open city and dividing the family's territory among the Five Families of New York. [18] The Luciano-Genovese family's New Jersey faction grew in power as Richard Boiardo became the family's caporegime of the Newark crew and powerful New Jersey mobster Willie Moretti became the family's underboss while also controlling operations in Bergen county. The Gagliano family's Jersey crew caporegime was Settimo "Big Sam" Accardi, a former member of Badami's Newark family, he controlled operations in Newark and northern New Jersey. While the Mangano family's Newark crew was controlled by Antonio Paterno, a former member of the Newark family and the Profaci family's New Jersey crew was led by Salvatore Lombardino, the man behind the attempted murder of Newark boss D'Amico. The Bonanno family's Newark crew was led by Antonio Riela. [19] [20] The city of Newark also had other gangsters fighting for dominance and territory which included Abner Zwillman a Jewish gangster, the Philadelphia crime family which formed their North Jersey crew, and former Newark boss Badami with his own small group.
Early Elizabeth family
In the city Elizabeth, New Jersey the Mafia faction was made up of mostly immigrants from Ribera, Sicily. [2] [9] The Mafia group was based out of the Peterstown section of Elizabeth. [21] The earliest known boss the Elizabeth Mafia faction was Filippo "Big Phil" Amari. [21] He was born in Ribera, Sicily and arrived in Elizabeth in the early 1920s. [21] During Amari's time as boss he recruited Emmanuel Riggi, Louis "Fat Lou" LaRasso and Frank Majuri into his Mafia faction. [21] Over the years Amari continued to grow in power and was recognized by US law enforcement as being heavily involved in extortion, labor racketeering, loansharking, and narcotics activities in Elizabeth and Newark.
After fleeing Newark Stefano "Don Steven" Badami relocated in Orange, New Jersey. [21] Badami continued operating a small Mafia group while working alongside other Mafia families. Badami was unsuccessful in taking over the Elizabeth Ribera Mafia faction because he was born in Corleone, Sicily and they didn't trust him. [21] On March 31, 1955, Badami went to a restaurant in Newark and was murdered being stabbed 40 times. [21] The police held Frank Monaco as a witness in the murder and he confirmed that he was the brother of Sam Monaco, a former associate to Badami who was murdered in 1931. [21]
In 1956, Nicholas "Nick" Delmore became as boss after Amari retired and moved back to Sicily. Delmore was a longtime member of the Elizabeth faction, going back to the prohibition era when he owned the Maple Shade Inn in Berkeley Heights and worked with Abner Zwillman in some brewery operations. [22] In September 1930, Delmore was a fugitive related to a gun permit and murder of a federal dry agent. [23] Delmore was arrested in 1933, and charged with murder he was later acquitted of murder at the end of the trail. [22] In 1957, Delmore attended the infamous 1957 Apalachin Convention to represent the Elizabeth family of New Jersey, with his underboss Frank Majuri and capo Louis LaRasso. [24] Delmore ran the Elizabeth family until the early 1960s, when he became ill. In 1964, Delmore died and his nephew Sam DeCavalcante was installed as new boss of the Elizabeth family. [24] Under DeCavalcante's regime the Commission began to recognize the Elizabeth family as an autonomous crime family and officially recognized it as the "DeCavalcante crime family" of North Jersey.
Simone DeCavalcante
The official criminal organization began with Simone DeCavalcante, known as "Sam the Plumber" and "The Count". He was born in 1913 and was involved in illegal gambling, murder, and racketeering for most of his life. He died of a heart attack in 1997 at age 84. He rose to power in 1964, and he was incarcerated in 1969. He doubled the number of made men within his family during the 1960s.
He owned Kenilworth Heating and Air Conditioning in Kenilworth, New Jersey as a legal front and source of taxable income, for which he gained the nickname "Sam the Plumber". He also claimed to be of Italian royal lineage, earning him the nickname "The Count". He gained much respect because he held a place on the infamous Commission, a governing body for the American Mafia which included the Five Families of New York, as well as mobsters from Chicago, Los Angeles, and Florida.
DeCavalcante and 54 associates were charged and tried in 1969. He pleaded guilty to operating a gambling racket turning over $20 million a year. At the same time, a New York State report indicated that he and another Mafia family controlled 90 percent of the pornography stores in New York City. DeCavalcante was sentenced to five years in prison. In the early 1980s, DeCavalcante retired to Florida leaving capo Giovanni Riggi as acting boss of the family. [24] He largely stayed out of Mafia business, although the FBI believed that he was still advising the family into the early 1990s.
John Riggi
After DeCavalcante left prison in the mid-1970s, he appointed Giovanni "John the Eagle" Riggi as acting boss of the family while he stayed semi-retired in Florida. DeCavalcante stepped down as boss officially in 1980, passing leadership to Riggi, [25] who had been a business agent of the International Association of Laborers and Hod Carriers in New Jersey for years. Riggi was promoted to the position of official boss, and he reaped the enormous benefits of large labor and construction racketeering, [25] loansharking, illegal gambling, and extortion activities. Riggi also had the family maintain their old traditions, which Sam DeCavalcante saw as unnecessary. In 1981, bosses and underbosses of the DeCavalcante and Colombo families attended a conclave in Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, to divide territory in Miami. [26]
Riggi used his power and influence to place subcontractors and workers at various construction projects around the state, and the DeCavalcantes were able to steal from union welfare and pension funds. Riggi continued to run the family throughout the 1980s, with underboss Girolamo "Jimmy" Palermo and Stefano Vitabile as consigliere, [27] after Frank Majuri died of health problems. It was around the mid-1980s that Riggi fell increasingly under the influence of Gambino crime family boss John Gotti. [28]
After Riggi's conviction for racketeering, he appointed John D'Amato as acting boss of the family in 1990. D'Amato was later alleged to have participated in homosexual acts and was murdered in 1992. [29] Riggi continued to run the family from his jail cell, but he appointed Giacomo "Jake" Amari as his new acting boss. All was seemingly settled until Amari became ill and died slowly of stomach cancer in 1997. This caused a massive power vacuum within the family, with high-ranking members pushing to become the next boss of the DeCavalcante crime family.
The Ruling Panel
After acting boss Amari's death, Riggi organized a three-man ruling panel in 1998 to run the day-to-day business of the crime family, [30] consisting of Girolamo Palermo, Vincent Palermo (no relation), and Charles Majuri, [31] with Stefano Vitabile as the reputed consigliere and adviser to the three.
The Panel infuriated longtime captain Charles Majuri, who had been a hardworking member of the family since his teens and felt that he was wronged when he was not selected as the only acting boss. [31] To gain complete control of the DeCavalcante family, Majuri decided that he should murder Vincent Palermo, leaving himself in charge of the family. [31] Majuri contracted soldier James Gallo to murder Vincent Palermo. Gallo was a strong ally and friend of Vincent Palermo's, and told him about Majuri's plans. [31] In retaliation, Vincent Palermo decided to have Majuri murdered. After one plot fell through, the murder was eventually called off. [31]
Toward the late 1990s, the Ruling Panel kept running the DeCavalcante crime family with Giovanni Riggi still behind bars as the boss. The downfall of the DeCavalcante family was precipitated in 1998, when an associate named Ralph Guarino became an FBI informant, in an effort to avoid a long prison sentence in connection with taking part with two others in a heist of $1.6 million from the World Trade Center. [31] Guarino spent ten years undercover working for the FBI. He wore a listening device and recorded conversations that mobsters would have about criminal business. During Guarino's time as an informant, fellow mobster Joseph Masella was gunned down on the orders of Vincent Palermo. [31]
Using information provided by Guarino, US law enforcement launched a large scale arrest on December 2, 1999, of over 30 members and associates of the DeCavalcante crime family. [32] Palermo realized they would likely spend the rest of their lives behind bars and decided to cooperate with the FBI in exchange for a lenient sentence. [32] This resulted in the arrest of 12 more men less than a year later, [32] decimating the crime family's hierarchy and putting it on the brink of extinction. [32] Other top members, like Anthony Rotondo and Anthony Capo, also agreed to become government witnesses. [33]
In 2001, 20 mobsters were charged with racketeering, seven murders, 14 murder conspiracies, attempted murder, extortion in the construction industry, and stock fraud. [32] This was the fourth indictment of the family since 1999. Since then, several other top mobsters agreed to become government witnesses in exchange for being given lenient or no sentences at all. US law enforcement even put Giovanni Riggi on trial, who was hoping to be released in 2003, and he was sentenced to 10 additional years in prison. [25]
Current position and leadership
Between 1999 and 2005, about 45 men were imprisoned, including the family's consigliere and seven capos. [34] With the decline of the DeCavalcante family, New York's Five Families have taken over many of the rackets in northern New Jersey. [31] Riggi was in jail until November 27, 2012, and he died in 2015. [35] Longtime acting boss Francesco Guarraci died of cancer in 2016. [36]
In March 2015, the FBI arrested 10 members and associates of the crime family on charges of conspiracy to commit murder and distribution of drugs, including 71 year-old captain Charles "Beeps" Stango and 72 year-old consigliere Frank Nigro. [37] [38] Associates Rosario Pali and Nicholas DeGidio were convicted on April 4, 2017, after pleading guilty to distributing more than 500 grams of cocaine. DeGidio was sentenced to 1½ years in prison, and Pali was sentenced to over 6 years. [39] [40] [41] Luigi Oliveri was charged with the possession of contraband cigarettes. [42]
In March 2017, Stango was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison for conspiracy to commit murder. [43] [44] Stango reportedly wanted Nigro and associate Paul Colella to get permission from the New Jersey hierarchy to kill Luigi Oliveri, but the murder was not committed because Stango did not get an answer. Prosecutors claimed that Stango and his son had plans to open a high-end escort service in Toms River, New Jersey. [45]
In 2016, Anthony Stango Jr. was sentenced to 6 years in prison after pleading guilty to using a telephone in interstate commerce to conduct a prostitution operation, conspiring to distribute five grams or more of cocaine, distributing more than $70,000 worth of cocaine, and possessing a shotgun as a convicted felon. [45]
In 2016, longtime member Charles "Big Ears" Majuri became the new official boss of the family. [46]
In July 2022, capo Charlie Stango was released from federal prison and went into a New York halfway house. [47]
On January 2, 2023, longtime family member and former influential capo Paolo "Paul" Farina died of natural causes at the age of 96. [48]
