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Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is an Afghan politician,and former mujahideen leader and drug trafficker. He is the founder and current leader of the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin political party,so called after Mohammad Yunus Khalis split from Hezbi Islami in 1979 to found Hezb-i Islami Khalis. He twice served as prime minister during the 1990s.
The Islamic State of Afghanistan was established by the Peshawar Accords of 26 April 1992. Many Afghan mujahideen parties participated in its creation,after the fall of the socialist government. Its power was limited due to the country's second civil war,which was won by the Taliban,who took control of Kabul in 1996. The Islamic state then transitioned to a government in exile and led the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance. It remained the internationally recognized government of Afghanistan at the United Nations until 2001,when the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan was created and an Afghan Interim Administration took control of Afghanistan with US and NATO assistance following the overthrow of the first Taliban government. The Transitional Islamic State was subsequently transformed into the Islamic Republic,which existed until the Taliban seized power again in 2021 following a prolonged insurgency.
Hezb-e-Islami,lit. Islamic Party,was an Islamist organization that was commonly known for fighting the Communist Government of Afghanistan and their close ally the Soviet Union. Founded and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar,it was established in Afghanistan in 1976.
The Kharoti (Pashto:خروٹی) خروټی) are a Pashtun tribe of Ghilji origin,originating in the central part of Paktika Province,Afghanistan,but can be also found in other parts of the country. The Kharoti settled in Kharotabad in Quetta,British India around 1945.
Hezb-e Islami Khalis is an Afghan political ex-Mujahideen movement under Mohammad Yunus Khalis,who separated from Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami and formed his own resistance group in 1979. The two parties were distinguished as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin and Hezb-e Islami Khalis,after the names of their respective leaders.
Jamiat-e-Islami,sometimes shortened to Jamiat,is a predominantly Tajik political party and former paramilitary organisation in Afghanistan. It is the oldest and largest functioning political party in Afghanistan,and was originally formed as a student political society at Kabul University. It has a communitarian ideology based on Islamic law. During the Soviet–Afghan War and the following Afghan Civil War against the communist government,Jamiat-e Islami was one of the most powerful of the Afghan mujahideen groups. Burhanuddin Rabbani led the party from 1968 to 2011,and served as President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001,in exile from 1996.
Mohammad Yunus Khalis was a mujahideen commander in Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. His party was called Hezb-i-Islami,the same as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's party. The two are commonly differentiated as Hezb-e Islami Khalis and Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin.
Lieutenant General Shahnawaz Tanai was an Afghan politician and military officer who served as the Chief of General Staff of the Afghan National Army until his defection to neighbouring Pakistan following a failed coup d'état in 1990.
The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin,also referred to as Hezb-e-Islami or Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan (HIA),is an Afghan political party and paramilitary organization,originally founded in 1976 as Hezb-e-Islami and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. In 1979,Mulavi Younas Khalis split with Hekmatyar and established his own group,which became known as Hezb-i Islami Khalis;the remaining part of Hezb-e Islami,still headed by Hekmatyar,became known as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin. Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the Muslim Brotherhood and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban.
Haji Abdul Qadeer was an Afghan politician and prominent Northern Alliance leader who fought the Taliban during the Third Afghan Civil War. Originally a commander of the Hezb-i Islami Khalis faction during the Soviet–Afghan War,he then served as governor of Nangarhar Province,the head of the Eastern Afghanistan Shura,and later Vice President of Afghanistan and Minister of Public Works in the administration of Hamid Karzai from 19 June 2002 until his assassination on 6 July 2002. He was the older brother of fellow anti-Soviet and Northern Alliance commander Abdul Haq,who was assassinated in late 2001 by the Taliban.
Abdul Haq was an Afghan mujahideen commander who fought against the Soviet-backed People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan,the de facto Afghan government in the 1980s. He was killed by the Taliban in October 2001 while trying to create a popular uprising against the Taliban in Afghanistan in the wake of the September 11 attacks.
The 1989–1992 Afghan Civil War,also known as the FirstAfghan Civil War,took place between the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the end of the Soviet–Afghan War on 15 February 1989 until 27 April 1992,ending the day after the proclamation of the Peshawar Accords proclaiming a new interim Afghan government which was supposed to start serving on 28 April 1992.
The 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War,also known as the Second Afghan Civil War,took place between 28 April 1992—the date a new interim Afghan government was supposed to replace the Republic of Afghanistan of President Mohammad Najibullah—and the Taliban's occupation of Kabul establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 27 September 1996.
The Battle of Kabul was a series of intermittent battles and sieges over the city of Kabul during the period of 1992–1996.
The Afghan mujahideen were Islamist militant groups that fought against the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union during the Soviet–Afghan War and the subsequent First Afghan Civil War.
Haji Nasrullah Baryalai Arsalai is an Afghan politician,who was a candidate during Afghanistan's 2009 Presidential election.
Pir Sayyid Ahmed Gailani,was the leader (Pir) of the Qadiriyyah Sufi order in Afghanistan,and the founder of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan,a party that was associated with the Mujahideen who led the war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s.
Wazir Arsala Khan was an early ancestor of the influential Arsala family of Nangarhar Province,Afghanistan. He served as the foreign minister of Afghanistan in 1869.
Ghairat Baheer is a citizen of Afghanistan who served as a Senator in the House of Elders of Afghanistan. He is also the Chairman of the Political Committee of Hezbi Islami in Afghanistan. Ghairat Baheer was held by American forces in extrajudicial detention for over six years. The BBC News reported Pakistani officials took him into custody during a pre-dawn raid on his home in Islamabad on October 30,2002. The BBC said no reason was offered for his apprehension,and that there were rumors US security officials participated in the raid.
Pakistan's principal intelligence and covert action agency,Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),has historically conducted a number of clandestine operations in its western neighbor,Afghanistan. ISI's covert support to militant jihadist insurgent groups in Afghanistan,the Pashtun-dominated former Federally Administered Tribal Areas,and Kashmir has earned it a wide reputation as the primary progenitor of many active South Asian jihadist groups.