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Ahmad Shah Massoud was an Afghan politician and military commander. He was a powerful guerrilla commander during the resistance against the Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989. In the 1990s,he led the government's military wing against rival militias;after the Taliban takeover,he was the leading opposition commander against their regime until his assassination in 2001.
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar is an Afghan politician,former mujahideen leader and drug trafficker. He is the founder and current leader of the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin political party,so called after Mohammad Yunus Khalis split from Hezbi Islami in 1979 to found Hezb-i Islami Khalis. He has twice served as Prime Minister during the 1990s.
The Islamic State of Afghanistan was established by the Peshawar Accords of 26 April 1992. Many Afghan mujahideen parties participated in its creation,after the fall of the socialist government. Its power was limited due to the country's second civil war,which was won by the Taliban,who took control of Kabul in 1996. The Islamic State then transitioned to a government in exile and led the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance. It remained the internationally recognized government of Afghanistan at the United Nations until 2001,when the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan was created and an Afghan Interim Administration took control of Afghanistan with US and NATO assistance following the overthrow of the first Taliban government.
The Kharoti (Pashto:خروٹی) خروټی) are a Pashtun tribe of Ghilji origin,originating in the central part of Paktika Province,Afghanistan,but can be also found in other parts of the country. The Kharoti settled in Kharotabad in Quetta,British India around 1945.
Hezb-e Islami Khalis is an Afghan political ex-Mujahidin movement under Maulawi Khalis,who separated from Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami and formed his own resistance group in 1979. The two parties were distinguished as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin and Hezb-e Islami Khalis,after the names of their respective leaders.
Jamayat-E-Islami,sometimes shortened to Jamiat,is a predominantly Tajik political party in Afghanistan. It was originally formed as a student political society at Kabul University. It has a communitarian ideology based on Islamic law. During the Soviet–Afghan War and the following Afghan Civil War against the communist government,Jamiat-e Islami was one of the most powerful of the Afghan mujahideen groups. Burhanuddin Rabbani led the party from 1968 to 2011,and served as President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001,in exile from 1996.
Mawlawi Mohammad Yunus Khalis was a mujahideen commander in Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. His party was called Hezb-i-Islami,the same as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's party. The two are commonly differentiated as Hezb-e Islami Khalis and Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin.
Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi was an Afghan politician and mujahideen leader who was the founder and leader of the Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami political party and paramilitary group. He served as President of Afghanistan under the mujahideen from January 1993 to 1996.
Lieutenant General Shahnawaz Tanai was an Afghan politician and general officer who served as the Chief of General Staff of the Afghan National Army until his defection to neighbouring Pakistan following a failed coup d'état in 1990.
The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin,also referred to as Hezb-e-Islami or Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan (HIA),is an Afghan political party and paramilitary organization,originally founded in 1976 as Hezb-e-Islami and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. In 1979,Mulavi Younas Khalis split with Hekmatyar and established his own group,which became known as Hezb-i Islami Khalis;the remaining part of Hezb-e Islami,still headed by Hekmatyar,became known as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin. Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the Muslim Brotherhood and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban.
Haji Abdul Qadeer was a prominent Northern Alliance leader in Afghanistan and opposed the Taliban. Originally a commander of the Hezb-i Islami Khalis faction during the Soviet–Afghan War,he then served as governor of Nangarhar Province,the head of the Eastern Afghanistan Shura,and later Vice President of Afghanistan and Minister of Public Works in the administration of Hamid Karzai from 19 June 2002 until his assassination on 6 July 2002. He was the older brother of fellow anti-Soviet and Northern Alliance commander Abdul Haq,who was executed in late 2001 by the Taliban.
Abdul Haq was an Afghan mujahideen commander who fought against the Soviet-backed People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan,the de facto Afghan government in the 1980s. He was killed by the Taliban in October 2001 while trying to create a popular uprising against the Taliban in Afghanistan in the wake of the September 11th attacks.
The 1989–1992 Afghan Civil War took place between the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the end of the Soviet–Afghan War on 15 February 1989 until 27 April 1992,ending the day after the proclamation of the Peshawar Accords proclaiming a new interim Afghan government which was supposed to start serving on 28 April 1992.
The 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War took place between 28 April 1992—the date a new interim Afghan government was supposed to replace the Republic of Afghanistan of President Mohammad Najibullah—and the Taliban's conquest of Kabul establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 27 September 1996.
The Battle of Kabul was a series of intermittent battles and sieges over the city of Kabul during the period of 1992–1996.
The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Afghanistan.
Haji Nasrullah Baryalai Arsalai is an Afghan politician,who was a candidate during Afghanistan's 2009 Presidential election.
Pir Sayyid Ahmed Gailani,was the leader (Pir) of the Qadiriyyah Sufi order in Afghanistan,and the founder of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan,a party that was associated with the Mujahideen who led the war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s.
Wazir Arsala Khan was an early ancestor of the influential Arsala family of Nangarhar Province,Afghanistan. Wazir Arsala Khan served as Foreign Minister of Afghanistan in 1869.
The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) intelligence agency of Pakistan has been accused of being heavily involved in covertly running military intelligence programs in Afghanistan since before the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The first ISI operation in Afghanistan took place in 1975. It was in "retaliation to Republic of Afghanistan's proxy war and support to the militants against Pakistan". Before 1975,ISI did not conduct any operation in Afghanistan and it was only after decade of Republic of Afghanistan's proxy war against Pakistan,support to militants and armed incursion in 1960 and 1961 in Bajaur that Pakistan was forced to retaliate. Later on,in the 1980s,the ISI in Operation Cyclone systematically coordinated the distribution of arms and financial means provided by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to factions of the Afghan mujahideen such as the Hezb-e Islami (HeI) of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and the forces of Ahmad Shah Massoud whose forces would later be known as the Northern Alliance. After the Soviet retreat,the different Mujahideen factions turned on each other and were unable to come to a power sharing deal which resulted in a civil war. The United States,along with the ISI and the Pakistani government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto became the primary source of support for Hekmatyar in his 1992–1994 bombardment campaign against the Islamic State of Afghanistan and the capital Kabul.