The Islamic State of Afghanistan was established by the Peshawar Accords of 26 April 1992. Many Afghan mujahideen parties participated in its creation,after the fall of the socialist government. Its power was limited due to the country's second civil war,which was won by the Taliban,who took control of Kabul in 1996. The Islamic state then transitioned to a government in exile and led the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance. It remained the internationally recognized government of Afghanistan at the United Nations until 2001,when the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan was created and an Afghan Interim Administration took control of Afghanistan with US and NATO assistance following the overthrow of the first Taliban government. The Transitional Islamic State was subsequently transformed into the Islamic Republic,which existed until the Taliban seized power again in 2021 following a prolonged insurgency.
Abdul Ali Mazari was an Afghan Hazara politician and leader of the Hezbe Wahdat during and following the Soviet–Afghan War,who advocated for a federal system of governance in Afghanistan. He believed that this would end political and ethnic division in Afghanistan by guaranteeing rights to every ethnic group. He was allegedly captured and murdered by the Taliban during negotiations in 1995. In 2016,he was posthumously given the title "Martyr for National Unity of Afghanistan" and had a statue erected in his honor by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Shortly after reclaiming power,the Taliban demolished the statue.
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design,earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit in regions where earthquakes are prevalent.
Jamayat-E-Islami,sometimes shortened to Jamiat,is a predominantly Tajik political party and former paramilitary organisation in Afghanistan. It was originally formed as a student political society at Kabul University. It has a communitarian ideology based on Islamic law. During the Soviet–Afghan War and the following Afghan Civil War against the communist government,Jamiat-e Islami was one of the most powerful of the Afghan mujahideen groups. Burhanuddin Rabbani led the party from 1968 to 2011,and served as President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001,in exile from 1996.
Ajmal Shams is an Afghan politician and former civil engineer.
Applied mechanics is the branch of science concerned with the motion of any substance that can be experienced or perceived by humans without the help of instruments. In short,when mechanics concepts surpass being theoretical and are applied and executed,general mechanics becomes applied mechanics. It is this stark difference that makes applied mechanics an essential understanding for practical everyday life. It has numerous applications in a wide variety of fields and disciplines,including but not limited to structural engineering,astronomy,oceanography,meteorology,hydraulics,mechanical engineering,aerospace engineering,nanotechnology,structural design,earthquake engineering,fluid dynamics,planetary sciences,and other life sciences. Connecting research between numerous disciplines,applied mechanics plays an important role in both science and engineering.
The 1989–1992 Afghan Civil War,also known as the FirstAfghan Civil War,took place between the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan and the end of the Soviet–Afghan War on 15 February 1989 until 27 April 1992,ending the day after the proclamation of the Peshawar Accords proclaiming a new interim Afghan government which was supposed to start serving on 28 April 1992.
The following lists events that happened during 1992 in Afghanistan.
Zabihullah Mujahid is an Afghan official serving as the chief spokesman for the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) since 25 October 2021 and Deputy Minister of Information and Culture since 7 September 2021. He has long served as one of several spokesmen for the Taliban,the others being Suhail Shaheen and Yousef Ahmadi. Mujahid commented mainly on the Taliban's activities in eastern,northern,and central Afghanistan,while Ahmadi focused on the western and southern regions. In addition to being the government's main spokesman,Mujahid serves as a personal spokesman for Supreme Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada.
The Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Award is an award given annually by the Applied Mechanics Division,of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),"in recognition of an individual who has made significant contributions to the field of nonlinear dynamics through practice,research,teaching,and/or outstanding leadership" The Award is presented at the Applied Mechanics Annual Dinner at the ASME IMECE Congress. In 2020 the Award was elevated to the society level and renamed Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Medal.
Ali Hasan Nayfeh was a Palestinian-Jordanian mathematician,mechanical engineer and physicist. He is regarded as the most influential scholar and scientist in the area of applied nonlinear dynamics in mechanics and engineering. He was the inaugural winner of the Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Award,and was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal in mechanical engineering. His pioneering work in nonlinear dynamics has been influential in the construction and maintenance of machines and structures that are common in daily life,such as ships,cranes,bridges,buildings,skyscrapers,jet engines,rocket engines,aircraft and spacecraft.
Marco Amabili is a chair professor in the School of Engineering at Westlake University in Hangzhou,China. He is also an Emeritus Distinguished James McGill professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University,Montreal,Québec,Canada.
Eklil Ahmad Hakimi was Afghanistan's Minister of Finance and a former Afghan diplomat. He has served as Afghanistan's deputy foreign minister as well as its ambassador to China,Japan and the United States.
Medhat Haroun was an Egyptian-American expert on earthquake engineering. He wrote more than 300 technical papers and received the Charles Martin Duke Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Award (2006) and the Walter Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize (1992) from the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Gundabathula Venkateswara Rao is an Indian materials engineer,known for his studies in the field of Structural mechanics. Focusing his researches on Finite element method,Structural analysis and Smart materials,he and his colleagues developed FEAST,a medium-sized program for laboratory research and industrial applications including design and analysis of rocket systems. An alumnus of the Indian Institute of Science from where he secured a PhD,his researches have been documented in several peer-reviewed articles and his work has been cited by several scientists. Google Scholar,an online article repository of scientific articles,has listed a number of his articles. The Indian Academy of Sciences elected him as a fellow in 2003. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research,awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology,one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 1989.
Isaac Elishakoff is a Distinguished Research Professor in the Ocean and Mechanical Engineering Department in the Florida Atlantic University,Boca Raton,Florida. He is a figure in the area of mechanics. He has made several contributions in the areas of random vibrations,solid mechanics of composite material,semi-inverse problems of vibrations and stability,functionally graded material structures,and nanotechnology.
Eleni Chatzi is a Greek civil engineer,researcher,and an associate professor and Chair of Structural Mechanics and Monitoring at the Department of Civil,Environmental and Geomatic Engineering of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
The politics of Afghanistan are based on a totalitarian emirate within the Islamic theocracy in which the Taliban Movement holds a monopoly on power. Dissent is not permitted,and politics are mostly limited to internal Taliban policy debates and power struggles. As the government is provisional,there is no constitution or other basis for the rule of law. The structure is autocratic,with all power concentrated in the hands of the supreme leader and his clerical advisors. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Afghanistan was as of 2023 the 4th least electoral democratic country in the world.
Magd Abdel Wahab is a Belgian academic,researcher,author and Imam of Islam. He is full professor and chair of applied mechanics at Ghent University,Belgium,where he is also the Head of Finite Element Modelling Research Group of Laboratory Soete.
Balakumar "Bala" Balachandran is an Indian-American mechanician and applied mathematician recognized for his contributions to the fields of nonlinear dynamics,experimental methodologies,and data-driven approaches. He is a Minta Martin Professor and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland,College Park,where he served as Chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering from 2011 to 2023.
