Fisher Farm site | |
 The site is a farm today | |
   | |
| Location | Along U.S. Route 220, straddling a rail line [1] |
|---|---|
| Nearest city | Unionville |
| Coordinates | 40°54′15.6″N77°52′40″W / 40.904333°N 77.87778°W |
| Area | 3.5 acres (1.4 ha) |
| Built | 1200 |
| NRHP reference No. | 82003781 [2] |
| Added to NRHP | March 3, 1982 |
The Fisher Farm site is an archaeological site in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in fields on the outskirts of Unionville, it is one of central Pennsylvania's leading archaeological sites.
The Fisher Farm site encompasses approximately 3.5 acres (1.4 ha) on the northern bank of Bald Eagle Creek. While the site primarily includes farm fields, the site is divided into two sections by a railroad line, [1] : 5 and a former streambed is located amid the fields. [1] : 3 west of central Unionville Farmers have plowed the fields west of central Unionville since at least the 1870s, but the area was farmed before European settlement. Investigations at the site have led archaeologists to conclude that the site is that of a Late Woodland farming village that was occupied between AD 1200 and 1600. [1] : 2
Archaeological excavations of the Fisher Farm site commenced in 1976 and continued through 1978. Based on the tests conducted in 1976, the large-scale excavations of 1977 and 1978 resulted in the removal of hundreds of square meters of field and former streambed above Bald Eagle Creek. Among the artifacts recovered in 1977 were nine burials and sixty-three other items of interest, while the 1978 excavation yielded pollen and carbon-14 samples useful for dating and reconstructing the profile of the site respectively. [1] : 2 The site was named for its owner, Ivan Fisher. [1] : 1
The Fisher Farm site has been crucial to the understanding of Late Woodland archaeology in central Pennsylvania. Before excavations at Fisher Farm, research at Late Woodland villages in the region had been conducted at stockaded villages along rivers; sites such as Fisher Farm, which was smaller than the fortified villages and located along a less significant waterway, had been little studied. It has been suggested that these small villages were politically connected to the larger communities, although whether individuals would migrate between large and small villages is disputed. Much of the cultural evidence at the site is derived from pottery recovered in 1978 from the former streambed. While previous models had held that different styles of pottery replaced one another in a sudden fashion, the development of designs seen at Fisher Farm seems to indicate a more gradual transition from style to style. Finally, the Fisher Farm site was the first of many villages to be excavated in the Nittany Valley; [1] : 3 as such, it has become somewhat of a type site in the region. Findings at the site have led to the proposal of a new model of Late Woodland culture in the region. [1] : 4
In 1982, the Fisher Farm site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places for its place as a significant archaeological site. [2]
Unionville is a borough in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the borough had a total population of 291.
The Grand Village of the Illinois, also called Old Kaskaskia Village, is a site significant for being the best documented historic Native American village in the Illinois River valley. It was a large agricultural and trading village of Native Americans of the Illinois confederacy, located on the north bank of the Illinois River near the present town of Utica, Illinois. French explorers Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette came across it in 1673. The Kaskaskia, a tribe of the Illiniwek people lived in the village. It grew rapidly after a French mission and fur trading post were established there in 1675, to a population of about 6,000 people in about 460 houses. Around 1691 the Kaskaskia and other Illiniwek moved further south, abandoning the site due to pressure from an Iroquois invasion from the northeast.
Bald Eagle Creek is a 55.2-mile-long (88.8 km) tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River mostly in Centre County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.
Clear Lake Site is an archaeological site located in Sand Ridge State Park 6.5 miles (10.5 km) from Manito, Illinois. The site was occupied for the majority of the period from 500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.; cultures which have occupied the site include the Early Woodland, Havana Hopewell, and Mississippian. The site consists of a village area and two burial mounds. University of Chicago archaeologists conducted the first excavations at the site in 1932. Significant further excavations were conducted by George and Ethel Schoenbeck of the Peoria Academy of Science; the couple recovered 24,000 pottery shards from the site which represent every pottery type found in Central Illinois. The Illinois State Museum, which received all artifacts recovered by the Schoenbecks, conducted its own excavations at the site in the 1950s.
The Stoner Site is a substantial archaeological site in the far eastern portion of the U.S. state of Illinois. Discovered during the Great Depression, the site has produced large numbers of artifacts from a prehistoric village that was once located there, and archaeological investigations have shown it to be one of the area's most important archaeological sites for the Allison-Lamotte culture. After more than a decade of fruitful research and predictions of potentially rich results from future work, it has been designated a historic site.
The Clough Creek and Sand Ridge Archaeological District is a historic district composed of two archaeological sites in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its name is derived from those of the two sites included in the district: one that lies along Clough Creek, and one that occupies part of the Sand Ridge near the creek.
The Upper Mississippian cultures were located in the Upper Mississippi basin and Great Lakes region of the American Midwest. They were in existence from approximately A.D. 1000 until the Protohistoric and early Historic periods.
The Fisher site is an archaeological site in northwestern Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located along a tributary of Wheeling Creek in northern Richhill Township, it was once occupied by a Monongahela village. It has been ranked as one of southwestern Pennsylvania's most important locations for prehistoric preservation.
The Houserville Site is an archaeological site located near State College in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Used as a stone workshop by prehistoric Native Americans ten thousand years ago, it has been recognized as a prime candidate for prehistoric preservation.
The Tudek Site is an archaeological site located near State College in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Used as a stone quarry by prehistoric Native Americans ten thousand years ago, it has been recognized as a prime candidate for prehistoric preservation.
The Plum Island Eagle Sanctuary is a 52-acre island in the Illinois River owned by the Illinois Audubon Society. It was purchased March 24, 2004, to act as a wildlife sanctuary and to protect foraging habitat for wintering bald eagles. It is close to Matthiessen State Park and adjacent to Starved Rock State Park.
The Spring Creek site (20MU3) is a significant archaeological site in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located in Muskegon County in the western portion of the Lower Peninsula, it is the type site for a certain type of Late Woodland period pottery produced by the Ottawa tribe.
The Bullskin Creek Site is an archaeological site in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Located near Felicity in Clermont County, the site appears to have been a base camp for nomads during the Late Archaic period. The site comprises three loci: two significant areas of various debris and a large midden that underlies everything else. From these components, which cover an area of approximately 400 feet (120 m) by 600 feet (180 m), collectors and archaeologists have recovered hundreds of artifacts, including stone tools, weapons, and bone tools. Because the site is located in a farm field, it has frequently been cultivated, and the plow has brought at least five burials to the surface from a cemetery on the edge of the site. Among the types of features found at the site are ovens, trash pits, and postmolds. Bodies at the site were generally adorned with red ochre and buried in a flexed position.
The Juntunen site, also known as 20MK1, is a stratified prehistoric Late Woodland fishing village located on the western tip of Bois Blanc Island. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
The Hubele Mounds and Village Site are an archaeological site in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. Located near the community of Maunie in White County, the site has received recognition from the federal government because of its archaeological value. Due to the lack of recent excavations, the site's dates of habitation are debated, ranging from 400 BC in some estimates to AD 1000 in others, but all agree on the site's significance to understanding the prehistory of the region.
The Reedy Creek Site (44HA22) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located in Halifax County, Virginia, near the town of South Boston. The site was first inhabited in the Late Archaic period from 2000 to 1000 B.C. Later, from 900 to 1400 A.D., a village was located at the site. Archaeological excavations at the site have revealed animal bones and seed and nut remnants, providing evidence as to the diet of the region's native inhabitants.
The Moccasin Bluff site is an archaeological site located along the Red Bud Trail and the St. Joseph River north of Buchanan, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and has been classified as a multi-component prehistoric site with the major component dating to the Late Woodland/Upper Mississippian period.
The Huber Site (11Ck-1) is located on Tinley Creek 2 miles west of Blue Island in Cook County, Illinois, near the city of Chicago. It is classified as a late prehistoric site with Upper Mississippian affiliation.
The Oak Forest Site (11Ck-53) is located in Oak Forest, Cook County, Illinois, near the city of Chicago. It is classified as a late prehistoric to Protohistoric/Early Historic site with Upper Mississippian Huber affiliation.
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