The Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic,whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament,the Senate and the National Assembly.
The BurundiNational Defence Force is the state military organisation responsible for the defence of Burundi.
Burundi originated in the 16th century as a small kingdom in the African Great Lakes region. After European contact,it was united with the Kingdom of Rwanda,becoming the colony of Ruanda-Urundi - first colonised by Germany and then by Belgium. The colony gained independence in 1962,and split once again into Rwanda and Burundi. It is one of the few countries in Africa to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state.
The Burundian Civil War was a civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005. The civil war was the result of longstanding ethnic divisions between the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. The conflict began following the first multi-party elections in the country since its independence from Belgium in 1962,and is seen as formally ending with the swearing-in of President Pierre Nkurunziza in August 2005. Children were widely used by both sides in the war. The estimated death toll stands at 300,000.
Pierre Nkurunziza was a Burundian politician who served as the ninth president of Burundi for almost 15 years from August 2005 until his death in June 2020.
Alice Nzomukunda is a Burundian politician and former Second Vice-President of the country,from 29 August 2005 to 5 September 2006. She is an ethnic Hutu and was a member of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD).
In 1962,the United States established diplomatic relations with Burundi when it gained its independence from Belgium. Following independence,the country experienced political assassinations,ethnic violence,and cyclical periods of armed conflict;several governments were installed through coups. The 2000 Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement provided a negotiated settlement framework that,along with later ceasefire agreements,led to the end of the 1993-2006 civil war. President Pierre Nkurunziza's decision to seek a third presidential term in 2015 sparked protests in the capital and was followed by a failed coup d’état. The resultant violence and political and economic crises resulted in massive refugee flows to neighboring countries. The United States Embassy in Burundi's policy states:"The United States supports the achievement of long-term stability and prosperity in Burundi through broad,inclusive reconciliation;humanitarian assistance;economic growth;and the promotion of political openness and expansion of democratic freedoms. The United States supports the East African Community (EAC)-facilitated Burundian dialogue and other conflict resolution efforts within Burundi. The United States seeks to facilitate Burundi's deeper integration into regional and international markets,as a means to promote sustainable economic development."
Alexis Sinduhije is a Burundian journalist and politician. After founding Radio Publique Africaine during the Burundi Civil War,Sinduhije received a CPJ International Press Freedom Award and was named to the Time 100 list of most influential people. In 2007,he left journalism to run for president,but was arrested in 2008 on a charge of "insulting the president," Pierre Nkurunziza,drawing protests on his behalf from the U.S.,U.K.,and Amnesty International. He was found not guilty and released in 2009. The film "Kamenge,Northern Quarters" follows Sinduhije before,during,and after his incarceration.
Burundi,officially the Republic of Burundi,is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and East Africa. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north,Tanzania to the east and southeast,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west;Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The capital cities are Gitega and Bujumbura,the latter being the country's largest city.
Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 29 June 2015. The vote had been initially set for 5 June 2015,alongside local elections,but it was delayed due to unrest. Indirect elections to the Senate occurred on 24 July.
On 25 April 2015,the ruling political party in Burundi,the National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD),announced that the incumbent President of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza,would run for a third term in the 2015 presidential election. The announcement sparked protests by those opposed to Nkurunziza seeking a third term in office.
On 13 May 2015,army general Godefroid Niyombare said that he was "dismissing President Pierre Nkurunziza" following the 2015 Burundian unrest. However,the presidency tweeted that the "situation is under control" and there is "no coup".
Godefroid Niyombare is a Burundian military officer who led a coup attempt against President Pierre Nkurunziza on 13 May 2015. At the time of the coup attempt,Niyombare was a Major General. He previously served as military chief of staff and as Burundi's Ambassador to Kenya,and he was head of the National Intelligence Service from December 2014,when he replaced Adolphe Nshimirimana,until February 2015,when he was dismissed by Nkurunziza and replaced by Major-General Moïse Pasteur Bucumi.
This article lists events from the year 2015 in the Republic of Burundi.
Adolphe Nshimirimana was a Burundian military general who served as army chief of staff,as well as a senior presidential adviser for internal security and close political ally of President Pierre Nkurunziza. Observers viewed Lt. Gen. Nshimirimana as Nkurunziza's de facto internal security chief as head of the National Intelligence Service. He was born at Nyabiraba in Gishubi Commune,Gitega Province.
Burundi–India relations are the international relations that exist between Burundi and India. Apart from bilateral relations,India also engages with Burundi through the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs).
The National Intelligence Service is the state intelligence agency of Burundi. The SNR is headed by a general administrator who reports directly to the President of Burundi,while its individual agents report both to the SNR hierarchy and the public prosecutor. It runs its own detention facilities and is separate from the National Police of Burundi and the National Defence Force.
General Évariste Ndayishimiye is a Burundian politician,who has served as President of Burundi since 18 June 2020. He became involved in the rebel National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy during the Burundian Civil War and rose up the ranks of its militia. At the end of the conflict,he entered the Burundian Army and held a number of political offices under the auspices of President Pierre Nkurunziza. Nkurunziza endorsed Ndayishimiye as his successor ahead of the 2020 elections which he won with a large majority.
Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni is a Burundian politician who was Prime Minister of Burundi from 23 June 2020 to 7 September 2022. Before that,from 2015 until 2020,he served as Minister of Internal Security in the Cabinet of Burundi.
Events in the year 2022 in Burundi.
CNDD–FDD 
