Indian general election, 1957

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Indian general election, 1957
Flag of India.svg
←  1951 24 February to 14 March 1957 1962  →
All 494 seats in the Lok Sabha
248 seats were needed for a majority

  First party Second party
  Jnehru.jpg Bundesarchiv Bild 183-57000-0274, Berlin, V. SED-Parteitag, 3.Tag.jpg
Leader Jawaharlal Nehru Shripat Amrit Dange
Party INC CPI
Leader's seat Phulpur Bombay City Central
Seats won 371 27
Seat changeIncrease2.svg7Increase2.svg11
Popular vote 57,579,589 10,749,475
Percentage 47.78% 8.92%
SwingIncrease2.svg2.79%Increase2.svg5.63%

Wahlergebnisse in Indien 1957.svg

Prime Minister before election

Jawaharlal Nehru
INC

Subsequent Prime Minister

Jawaharlal Nehru
INC

The Indian general election of 1957 elected the 2nd Lok Sabha of India. The election was held from 24 February to 14 March, just over five years after the previous general election. [1] There were 494 seats elected using first past the post voting system. Out of the 403 constituencies, 91 elected two members, while the remaining 312 elected a single member. [2] [3] The multi-seat constituencies were abolished before the next election.

The Second Lok Sabha was elected after the Indian general election, 1957. The 2st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years till 1962.

India Country in South Asia

India, also known as the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by area and with more than 1.3 billion people, it is the second most populous country as well as the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

Contents

Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian National Congress easily won a second term in power, taking 371 of the 494 seats. They gained an extra seven seats (the size of the Lok Sabha had been increased by five) and their vote share increased from 45.0% to 47.8%. The INC won nearly five times more votes than the Communist Party, the second largest party. In addition, 19.3% of the vote and 42 seats went to independent candidates, the highest of any Indian general election.

Jawaharlal Nehru first Prime Minister of India

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was a freedom fighter, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He has been described by the Amar Chitra Katha as the architect of India. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while Indian children knew him as Chacha Nehru.

Indian National Congress Major political party in India

The Indian National Congress(pronunciation ) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.

Communist Party of India Indian political party, established 1925

The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India. There are different views on exactly when it was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by the CPI is 26 December 1925. The Communist Party of India (Marxist), which separated from the CPI in 1964 following an ideological rift between China and the Soviet Union, continues to claim having been founded in 1925.

Results

Results by Party

Lok Sabha elections 1957
Electoral participation: 55.42%		 % Won
(total 494)
Bharatiya Jana Sangh BJS 5.97 4
Communist Party of India CPI 8.92 27
Indian National Congress INC 47.78 371
Praja Socialist Party PSP 10.41 19
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha ABHM 0.86 1
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad RRP 0.38 0
Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party CNSPJP 0.42 3
Forward Bloc (Marxist) AIFB 0.55 2
Ganatantra Parishad GP 1.07 7
Jharkhand Party JKP 0.62 6
Peasants and Workers Party of India PWPI 0.77 4
Indian Union Muslim League IUML 0.18 1
People's Democratic Front PDF 0.87 2
Praja Party PP 0.12 0
Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP 0.26 0
Scheduled Castes Federation SCF 1.69 6
Independents - 19.14 41
Nominated Anglo-Indians - - 2

Voting

The first instance of booth capturing in India was recorded in 1957 in the General Elections of that year in Rachiyahi, in Begusarai's Matihani assembly seat. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Booth capturing is a type of electoral fraud which was found in India and a few other countries, in which party loyalists "capture" a polling booth and vote in place of legitimate voters to ensure that their candidate wins. Though it is a kind of voter suppression, unlike other forms of voting fraud, booth-capturing is a malpractice witnessed mainly in India and the least subtle of all. There are many instances that the people do not come openly to vote. In a broad point of view it can described as village capturing or area capturing. It is a general rule that agents of every contesting candidates will be present at the booth. But in many areas they are threatened or beaten, as a consequence they leave the polling premises. ECI has a general abbreviation that only giving one or half section CPMF is enough to prevent the incidents. But the new practice is that the many goons of a political party is used to threaten the voters before one or two weeks ago and they create an atmosphere of terror in those areas, so that the many voters do not come up to vote openly. The first instance of booth capturing in India was recorded in the 1957 General Elections in Rachiyahi, in Begusarai District's Matihani assembly seat. The word came into prominent use in the media during the late 1970s and 1980s when the number of parties and candidates multiplied. This resulted in some Parties using underhand methods including booth capturing, especially in the rural hinterland of India.

See also

Election Commission of India election regulatory body of India

The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and state Legislative Assemblies and Legislative Council in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

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The Indian general election of 1962 elected the 3rd Lok Sabha of India and was held from 19 to 25 February. Unlike the previous two elections but as with all subsequent elections, each constituency elected a single member.

Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency) Lok Sabha Constituency in Gujarat

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References

  1. ↑ "ONCE UPON A POLL: Second Lok Sabha elections (1957)". The Indian Express. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  2. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-I" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 5. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-II" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
  4. ↑ "Where booth capturing was born".
  5. ↑ "In central Bihar, development runs into caste wall".
  6. ↑ "Empty words in legend's forgotten village".
  7. ↑ "The myth of history's first booth capturing taking place in Begusarai's Rachiyahi".
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