Indian general election, 1989

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Indian general election, 1989
Flag of India.svg
  1984 22 November, and 26 November 1989 [1] 1991  

All 545 seats in the Lok Sabha
273 seats were needed for a majority

 First partySecond partyThird party
  Rajiv Gandhi (1987).jpg V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg Lal Krishna Advani 2008-12-4.jpg
Leader Rajiv Gandhi V. P. Singh L. K. Advani
Party INC Janata Dal BJP
Alliance INC+ NF supported NF
Leader's seat Amethi Fatehpur New Delhi
Seats won19714385
Seat changeDecrease2.svg207Increase2.svg143Increase2.svg83
Percentage39.53%17.78%11.36%
SwingDecrease2.svg8.44%NewIncrease2.svg3.62%

Wahlergebnisse Indien 1989.svg

Prime Minister before election

Rajiv Gandhi
INC+

Subsequent Prime Minister

V. P. Singh
Janata Dal

General elections were held in India in 1989 to elect the members of the 9th Lok Sabha. [2] V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties including regional parties such as the Telugu Desam Party, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the Asom Gana Parishad, forming the National Front with N.T.Rama Rao as President and V. P. Singh as convenor with additional outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party and Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left front they defeated Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) in the 1989 parliamentary elections. [3] [4]

India Country in South Asia

India, also known as the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by area and with more than 1.3 billion people, it is the second most populous country as well as the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

List of Members of the 9th Lok Sabha elections in 22-26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 12 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 9th Lok Sabha after the Indian general election, 1989.

V. P. Singh Indian politician

Vishwanath Pratap Singh was an Indian politician and government official, the 8th Prime Minister of India from 1989 to 1990. Singh is known for his decision, as Prime Minister, to implement the Mandal Commission report for India's backward castes.

Contents

Background

The 1989 Indian general election were held because the previous Lok Sabha has been in power for a five years, and the constitution allowed for new elections. Even though Rajiv Gandhi had won the last election by a landslide, this election saw him trying to fight off scandals that had marred his administration.

Rajiv Gandhi sixth Prime Minister of India

Rajiv Ratna Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, to become the youngest Indian Prime Minister at the age of 40.

The Bofors scandal, rising terrorism in Punjab, the civil war between LTTE and Sri Lankan government were just some of the problems that stared at Rajiv's government. Rajiv's biggest critic was Vishwanath Pratap Singh, who had held the portfolios of the finance ministry and the defence ministry in the government. During Singh's term as defence minister it was rumoured that he possessed damaging information about the Bofors defence deal that could ruin Rajiv's reputation.

Bofors scandal

The Bofors scandal was a major weapons-contract political scandal that occurred between India and Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s, initiated by Indian National Congress politicians and implicating the Indian prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi, and several other members of the Indian and Swedish governments who were accused of receiving kickbacks from Bofors AB, a bank principally financed by the Wallenberg family's Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, for winning a bid to supply India's 155 mm field howitzer. The scandal relates to illegal kickbacks paid in a US$1.4-billion deal between the Swedish arms manufacturer Bofors with the government of India for the sale of 410 field howitzer guns, and a supply contract almost twice that amount. It was the biggest arms deal ever in Sweden, and money marked for development projects was diverted to secure this contract at any cost. The investigations revealed flouting of rules and bypassing of institutions.

Sri Lankan Civil War armed conflict in Sri Lanka (1983–2009) between the government and the separatist organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 26-year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end.

But Singh was soon sacked from the Cabinet and he then resigned from his memberships in the Congress and the Lok Sabha. He formed the Jan Morcha with Arun Nehru and Arif Mohammad Khan and re-entered the Lok Sabha from Allahabad. Witnessing V P Singh's meteoric rise on national stage, Rajiv tried to counter [5] him with another prominent Rajput stalwart Satyendra Narain Singh but failed eventually

Premiership

V.P. Singh as Prime Minister

V. P. Singh who was the head of the Janata Dal was chosen leader of the National Front government . [6] His government fell after V. P. Singh along with Lalu Prasad Yadav government , had Advani arrested in Samastipur, Bihar and stopped his Ram Rath Yatra which was going to the Babri Masjid site in Ayodhya on 23 October 1990 and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdraw support to the V.P. Singh government which lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 7 November 1990. [7]

Janata Dal political party of India, active 1988–98

Janata Dal was an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of Janata Party factions, the Lok Dal, Indian National Congress (Jagjivan), and the Jan Morcha united on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan under the leadership of V. P. Singh.

Lalu Prasad Yadav Indian politician

Lalu Prasad is a convicted Indian politician from the state of Bihar. He is the President of the Rashtriya Janata Dal, former Chief Minister of Bihar, former UPA Minister of Railways, and former Member of Parliament of the 15th Lok Sabha.

L. K. Advani politician

Lal Krishna Advani is an Indian politician who served as the 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004 under Atal Bihari Vajpayee. He is one of the co-founders and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Advani also served as Minister of Home Affairs in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance government from 1998 to 2004. He was the Leader of the Opposition in the 10th Lok Sabha and 14th Lok Sabha. He was the National Democratic Alliance prime ministerial candidate in the 2009 general elections.

Chandra Sekhar as Prime Minister

Chandra Shekhar broke away from the Janata Dal with 64 MPs and formed the Samajwadi Janata Party in 1990. He got outside support from the Congress and became the 9th Prime Minister of India. He finally resigned on 6 March 1991, after the Congress alleged that the government was spying on Rajiv Gandhi.

Chandra Shekhar Indian politician

Chandra Shekhar was an Indian politician who, served as the eleventh Prime Minister of India, between 10 November 1990 and 21 June 1991. He headed a minority government of a breakaway faction of the Janata Dal with outside support from the Indian National Congress as a stop gap arrangement to delay elections.Chandrasekhar is the first Indian Prime Minister who has never held any Government office. His government was largely seen as a "puppet" and "lame duck" and the government was formed with the fewest party MPs in the Lok Sabha of the Congress. His government could not pass the budget at a crucial time when Moody had downgraded India and it further went down after the budget was not passed and global credit-rating agencies further downgraded India from investment grade making it impossible to even get short term loans and in no position to give any commitment to reform the World Bank and IMF stopped their assistance. Chandrasekhar had to authorise mortgaging of gold to avoid default of payment and this action came in for particular criticism as it was done secretly in the midst of the election. The Indian economic crisis, 1991, and the Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi plunged his government into crisis.

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Results

Lok Sabha elections 1989
Electoral participation: 61.95%
%Won
(total 545)
Bharatiya Janata Party BJP11.3685
Communist Party of India CPI2.5712
Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M)6.5533
Indian Congress (Socialist) IC(S)0.331
Indian National Congress INC39.53197
Janata Dal JD17.79143
Janata Party JP1.010
Lok Dal (Bahuguna) LD(B)0.20
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK1.511
All India Forward Bloc AIFB0.423
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam DMK2.390
Indian Congress (J) Trikha Group ICJ(TG)0.00
Indian Union Muslim League MUL0.322
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference NC0.23
Jammu & Kashmir Panthers Party JPP0.00
Kerala Congress KC0.020
Kuki National Assembly NC0.040
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party MGP0.041
Manipur Peoples Party MPP0.050
Mizo National Front MNF0.020
Nagaland Peoples Council NPC0.080
Peoples Party of Arunachal PPA0.30
Peasants and Workers Party of India PWPI0.210
Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP0.624
Shiromani Akali Dal SAD0.030
Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal) SAD(B)0.140
Sikkim Sangram Parishad SSP0.031
Telugu Desam Party TDP3.292
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha ABHS0.071
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimen AIMIM0.211
Bahujan Samaj Party BSP2.073
Gorkha National Liberation Front GNLF0.141
Indian Peoples Front IPF0.251
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha JMM0.343
Kerala Congress (Mani) KC(M)0.121
Marxist Coordination Committee MCO0.081
Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann) SAD(M)0.776
Shiv Sena SS0.111
Independents-5.2512
Nominated Anglo-Indians --2

9th Lok Sabha constituted. [8]

See also

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References

  1. http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm
  2. "Elections 1989: Congress(I) faces prospect of being routed in Bihar".
  3. "V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77". New York Times. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  4. Indian Parliamentary Democracy. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2003. pp. 124–. ISBN   978-81-269-0193-7 . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  5. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm
  6. "V. P. Singh: Prime Minister of India who tried to improve the lot of the poor". The Independent. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  7. "India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits". New York Times. 8 November 1990. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  8. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.