Indian general election, 1989

Indian general election, 1989

←  1984 22 November, and 26 November 1989 [1] 1991  →
All 545 seats in the Lok Sabha 273 seats were needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Rajiv Gandhi V. P. Singh L. K. Advani Party INC Janata Dal BJP Alliance INC+ NF supported NF Leader's seat Amethi Fatehpur New Delhi Seats won 197 143 85 Seat change 207 143 83 Percentage 39.53% 17.78% 11.36% Swing 8.44% New 3.62%
Prime Minister before election Rajiv Gandhi INC+ Subsequent Prime Minister V. P. Singh Janata Dal

General elections were held in India in 1989 to elect the members of the 9th Lok Sabha. ^[2] V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties including regional parties such as the Telugu Desam Party, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the Asom Gana Parishad, forming the National Front with N.T.Rama Rao as President and V. P. Singh as convenor with additional outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party and Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left front they defeated Rajiv Gandhi's Congress (I) in the 1989 parliamentary elections. ^{[3] [4]}

Background

The 1989 Indian general election were held because the previous Lok Sabha has been in power for a five years, and the constitution allowed for new elections. Even though Rajiv Gandhi had won the last election by a landslide, this election saw him trying to fight off scandals that had marred his administration.

The Bofors scandal, rising terrorism in Punjab, the civil war between LTTE and Sri Lankan government were just some of the problems that stared at Rajiv's government. Rajiv's biggest critic was Vishwanath Pratap Singh, who had held the portfolios of the finance ministry and the defence ministry in the government. During Singh's term as defence minister it was rumoured that he possessed damaging information about the Bofors defence deal that could ruin Rajiv's reputation.

But Singh was soon sacked from the Cabinet and he then resigned from his memberships in the Congress and the Lok Sabha. He formed the Jan Morcha with Arun Nehru and Arif Mohammad Khan and re-entered the Lok Sabha from Allahabad. Witnessing V P Singh's meteoric rise on national stage, Rajiv tried to counter ^[5] him with another prominent Rajput stalwart Satyendra Narain Singh but failed eventually

Premiership

V.P. Singh as Prime Minister

V. P. Singh who was the head of the Janata Dal was chosen leader of the National Front government . ^[6] His government fell after V. P. Singh along with Lalu Prasad Yadav government , had Advani arrested in Samastipur, Bihar and stopped his Ram Rath Yatra which was going to the Babri Masjid site in Ayodhya on 23 October 1990 and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdraw support to the V.P. Singh government which lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 7 November 1990. ^[7]

Chandra Sekhar as Prime Minister

Chandra Shekhar broke away from the Janata Dal with 64 MPs and formed the Samajwadi Janata Party in 1990. He got outside support from the Congress and became the 9th Prime Minister of India. He finally resigned on 6 March 1991, after the Congress alleged that the government was spying on Rajiv Gandhi.

India
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of India
Constitution and law Constitutional amendment Basic structure doctrine Fundamental rights Human rights ——————— Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 Uniform civil code Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 Indian Penal Code Law enforcement
Government of India President (Head of state) (List) Vice president (List) ——————— Executive: Prime minister (Head of government) (List) Union Council of Ministers Cabinet secretary Secretaries: (Defence • Finance • Foreign • Home) Civil services All India Services (IAS • IFS/IFoS • IPS) ——————— Legislature: Parliament Rajya Sabha (Chairman) Lok Sabha (Speaker) Judiciary: Supreme court (Chief justice) High courts (Chief justices) District courts
Elections Election commission: Chief Election Commissioner (Election commissioners) Recent general elections: 2009 2014 2019 Recent state elections: 2017 2018 2019 ——————— Political parties National parties State parties National coalitions: National Democratic Alliance (NDA) United Progressive Alliance (UPA)
Federalism Administrative divisions ——————— State governments Governors (List) Chief ministers (List) Chief secretary (Principal secretaries) Field-level officers Divisional commissioners District magistrates Sub-divisional magistrates Legislatures: Vidhan Sabha Vidhan Parishad ——————— Local governments: Rural bodies: District councils Block panchayats Gram Panchayats Urban bodies: Municipal corporations Municipal councils Nagar panchayats
Other countries Atlas
v t e

Results

Lok Sabha elections 1989 Electoral participation: 61.95%		%	Won (total 545)
Bharatiya Janata Party	BJP	11.36	85
Communist Party of India	CPI	2.57	12
Communist Party of India (Marxist)	CPI(M)	6.55	33
Indian Congress (Socialist)	IC(S)	0.33	1
Indian National Congress	INC	39.53	197
Janata Dal	JD	17.79	143
Janata Party	JP	1.01	0
Lok Dal (Bahuguna)	LD(B)	0.2	0
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	AIADMK	1.5	11
All India Forward Bloc	AIFB	0.42	3
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	DMK	2.39	0
Indian Congress (J) Trikha Group	ICJ(TG)	0.0	0
Indian Union Muslim League	MUL	0.32	2
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference	NC	0.2	3
Jammu & Kashmir Panthers Party	JPP	0.0	0
Kerala Congress	KC	0.02	0
Kuki National Assembly	NC	0.04	0
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party	MGP	0.04	1
Manipur Peoples Party	MPP	0.05	0
Mizo National Front	MNF	0.02	0
Nagaland Peoples Council	NPC	0.08	0
Peoples Party of Arunachal	PPA	0.3	0
Peasants and Workers Party of India	PWPI	0.21	0
Revolutionary Socialist Party	RSP	0.62	4
Shiromani Akali Dal	SAD	0.03	0
Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal)	SAD(B)	0.14	0
Sikkim Sangram Parishad	SSP	0.03	1
Telugu Desam Party	TDP	3.29	2
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha	ABHS	0.07	1
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimen	AIMIM	0.21	1
Bahujan Samaj Party	BSP	2.07	3
Gorkha National Liberation Front	GNLF	0.14	1
Indian Peoples Front	IPF	0.25	1
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha	JMM	0.34	3
Kerala Congress (Mani)	KC(M)	0.12	1
Marxist Coordination Committee	MCO	0.08	1
Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)	SAD(M)	0.77	6
Shiv Sena	SS	0.11	1
Independents	-	5.25	12
Nominated Anglo-Indians	-	-	2

9th Lok Sabha constituted. ^[8]

See also

• Election Commission of India
• Indian presidential election, 1987

References

1. http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm
2. "Elections 1989: Congress(I) faces prospect of being routed in Bihar". 
3. "V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77". New York Times. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2017. 
4. Indian Parliamentary Democracy. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2003. pp. 124–. ISBN   978-81-269-0193-7 . Retrieved 6 October 2017. 
5. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm
6. "V. P. Singh: Prime Minister of India who tried to improve the lot of the poor". The Independent. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2017. 
7. "India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits". New York Times. 8 November 1990. Retrieved 6 October 2017. 
8. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.