| |||||||||||||
147 seats contested | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of India |
---|
———————
——————— |
———————
Legislatures: ——————— Urban bodies: |
General elections were held in British India in 1934. The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party in the Central Legislative Assembly. [1]
The British Raj was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called British India or simply India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The whole was also informally called the Indian Empire. As India, it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945.
The Indian National Congress(
The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house of the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. It was created by the Government of India Act 1919, implementing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms. It was also sometimes called the Indian Legislative Assembly and the Imperial Legislative Assembly. The Council of States was the upper house of the legislature for India.
The total electorate for the 1934 elections was 1,415,892, of which 1,135,899 were in contested constituencies. The total number of votes polled was 608,198. The election marked the first year in which Indian women were eligible to vote in any but a local election. Of the 81,602 enrolled women voters, 62,757 of whom were in contested constituencies, only 14,505 actually used the ballot. [2]
Out of the 51 general seats of the general constituencies, the Congress won 37 seats. The party also won 5 seats in the non-General constituencies. [3] A Congress splinter group, the Congress Nationalist Party, was the only other one to gain a significant number of seats. Most of the 30 Muslim constituencies elected independents to the Council, but within the Council, leadership of the independent Muslims was assumed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who, shortly after the election, resumed the leadership of the moribund Muslim League from which he had previously retired. [2] Of the 32 seats filled without a contest, twelve were in Muslim constituencies, eight in European constituencies, eight in general constituencies, three reserved for landholders and one reserved for commerce. [2]
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a lawyer, politician and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam and Baba-i-Qaum, "Father of the Nation"). His birthday is considered a national holiday in Pakistan.
Party | Seats | Leader | |
---|---|---|---|
Indian National Congress | 42 | Bhulabhai Desai | |
Congress Nationalist Party | 12 | Madhav Shrihari Aney | |
Europeans | 8 | Sir Leslie Hudson | |
People's (Leading Separationists) Party | 3 | ||
Independents | 41 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | |
Appointed members | 41 | ||
Total | 147 | ||
Source: The Times [1] Schwartzberg Atlas |
Membership by province
Province | Europeans | Independent | Minor parties | Congress (General) | Congress (Non-General) | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assam | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||
Ajmer-Merwara | 1 | 1 | ||||
Bengal | 3 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 17 | |
Bihar and Orissa | 5 | 7 | 12 | |||
Bombay | 2 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 16 | |
Burma | 1 | 3 (People's Party) | 4 | |||
Central Provinces | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 6 | |
Delhi | 1 | 1 | ||||
Madras | 1 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 16 | |
North West Frontier Province | 1 | 1 | ||||
Punjab | 8 | 3 | 1 | 12 | ||
United Provinces | 1 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 16 | |
Total | 8 | 41 | 15 | 37 | 5 | 106 |
The party position in 1941 stood as follows: [4] Central Legislative Assembly
Party | Seats |
---|---|
Indian National Congress | 40 |
All-India Muslim League | 25 |
Congress Nationalist Party | 11 |
Non Party | 25 |
Independents | 10 |
Europeans | 9 |
Officials | 20 |
Total | 140 |
Council of State
Party | Seats |
---|---|
Independent Progressive Party | 10 |
Indian National Congress | 6 |
All-India Muslim League | 6 |
Officials | 20 |
Total | 42 |
Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai was an eminent Indian civil servant, diplomat and Governor.
Rao Bahadur Mylai Chinna Thambi Pillai Rajah was a Tamil politician, social and political activist from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was born into Paraiyar caste, which is a Scheduled Caste.
Sir Henry Albert John Gidney FRSE MID was a leader of the Anglo-Indian community of the British Raj for 20 years.
Kuladhar Chaliha was a freedom fighter and prominent leader of Assam from Indian National Congress. Chaliha was one of the elected member of Indian general election, 1934 from Assam state. He was first president of Assam Pradesh Congress Committee when it was founded. He was also first speakers of the Assam Legislative Assembly from March 1952 to June 1957.
Nabin Chandra Bardoloi (1875–1936) was an Indian writer, politician and leader of Indian National Congress party from Assam. An Indian independence movement activist, he was a prominent leader from Assam in the Non-cooperation movement (1920–1922) of Mahatma Gandhi. The Government of India issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honour during his birth centenary year in 1975.
Amarendranath Chatterjee was an Indian independence movement activist. In charge of raising funds for the Jugantar movement, his activities largely covered revolutionary centres in Bihar, Odisha and the United Provinces.
The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India's independence from Great Britain in 1947, its members served as the nation's first Parliament.
The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of peace conferences organized by the British Government and Indian national congress was participant to discuss constitutional reforms in India. These started in November 1930 and ended in December 1932. They were conducted as per the recommendation of Jinnah to Viceroy Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. Demands for Swaraj, or self-rule, in India had been growing increasingly strong. Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mahatma Gandhi, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Srinivasa, Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan and Mirabehn are key participants from India. By the 1930s, many British politicians believed that India needed to move towards dominion status. However, there were significant disagreements between the Indian and the British political parties that the Conferences would not resolve. The key topic was about constitution and India which was mainly discussed in that conference.There were three Round Table Conferences,(1930-1932).
Khan Sahib - a compound of khan (leader) and sahib (master) - was a formal title of respect and honour, which was conferred exclusively on Muslim, Parsi and Jewish subjects of the British Indian Empire. It was a title one degree higher than the title of Khan.
Rai Bahadur, abbreviated R.B., was a title of honour bestowed during British rule in India to individuals for their service to the Empire. The title was accompanied by a medal called a Title Badge. Translated, Rao means "prince", and Bahadur means "brave" or "most honourable". The equivalent title for Muslim and Parsi subjects was Khan Bahadur. For Sikhs it was Sardar Bahadur.
The Imperial Legislative Council was a legislature for British India from 1861 to 1947. It succeeded the Council of the Governor-General of India, and was succeeded by the Constituent Assembly of India and after 1950, was succeeded by Parliament of India.
The Council of State was the upper house of the legislature for British India created by the Government of India Act 1919 from the old Imperial Legislative Council, implementing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms. The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house.
Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935. Elections were held in eleven provinces - Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, Bengal, Punjab and Sindh.
General elections were held in British India in 1920 to elect members to the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial Councils. They were the first elections in the country's modern history.
General elections were held in British India in November 1923 for both the Central Legislative Assembly and Provincial Assemblies. The Central Legislative Assembly had 145 seats, of which 105 were elected by the public.
General elections were held in British India between 28 October and late November 1926 to elect members of the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial Legislative Councils.
General elections were held in British India in September 1930. They were boycotted by the Indian National Congress and marked by public apathy. The newly elected Central Legislative Assembly met for the first time on 14 January 1931.
The New Year Honours 1913 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were announced on 3 January 1913.
The New Year Honours 1909 were appointments by King Edward VII to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were announced on 5 January 1909.
The 1931 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the United Kingdom and British Empire. They were announced on 30 December 1930.
The New Year Honours 1925 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 30 December 1924.
The New Year Honours 1921 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 31 December 1920.
The New Year Honours 1903, announced at the time as the Durbar Honours, were appointments to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India. The list was announced on the day of the 1903 Delhi Durbar held to celebrate the succession of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra as Emperor and Empress of India. The membership of the two Indian Orders were expanded to allow for all the new appointments.
The 1911 Delhi Durbar was held in December 1911 following the coronation in London in June of that year of King George V and Queen Mary. The King and Queen travelled to Delhi for the Durbar. For the occasion, the statutory limits of the membership of the Order of the Star of India and the Order of the Indian Empire were increased and many appointments were made to these and other orders. These honours were published in a supplement to the London Gazette dated 8 December 1911.
The Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML) was the branch of the All India Muslim League in the British Indian province of Bengal. It was established in Dacca on 2 March 1912. Its official language was Bengali. The party played an important role in the Bengal Legislative Council and in the Bengal Legislative Assembly, where two of the Prime Ministers of Bengal were from the party. It was vital to the creation of the Dominion of Pakistan, particularly after its election victory in 1946.