Invincible-class submarine

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Invincible-class submarine
Type 218SG RSN Invincible class submarine rendering.png
Rendering of the Type 218SG submarine of the Republic of Singapore Navy.
Class overview
Builders ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) - Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft
OperatorsNaval Ensign of Singapore.svg  Republic of Singapore Navy
Preceded by Archer class
Built2014–present [1]
Planned4
Completed4
General characteristics
Type Attack submarine
Displacement
Length70 m (229 ft 8 in)
Beam6.3 m (20 ft 8 in)
Installed power2 × 120 kW PEM fuel cells
Propulsion
Speed
  • 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) (Surfaced)
  • 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) (Submerged)
Endurance28–42 days (4-6 weeks) days underwater, without snorkeling. [2]
Complement28 [3]
Sensors and
processing systems
Armament
NotesCustomised variant of the Type 214 submarine, with specific design inferences from the Type 212 submarine. [5]

The Invincible-class submarines, formally classified as the Type 218SG submarines, is a class of conventionally-powered attack submarines, ordered by the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) from German-based naval conglomerate ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS). [6] The Type 218SG is an extensively-customised derivative of the export-oriented Type 214 submarine, with specific design characteristics drawn from Type 212 submarines. [7] They feature several capabilities, including a substantial level of automation, a significant payload capacity, enhanced underwater endurance and superlative ergonomics. [8]

Contents

Singapore's Ministry of Defense (MINDEF) ordered a total of four Type 218SG submarines, of which two were ordered in 2013 and two more in 2017, as a replacement to the RSN's existing Challenger-class and Archer-class submarines. [9] Of the four submarines that were officially ordered, three have been launched, while the fourth remains under construction. [10] A fifth submarine ordered was disclosed by Der Spiegel and was approved by Angela Merkel without any comment from Singapore on the order for this fifth submarine. [11]

As of July 2023, the first submarine of the class, the Invincible, is being used for the training of the RSN's submariners, while the second, the Impeccable, is scheduled to undergo local sea trials aimed at achieving operationalization. [12] The RSN plans to have all four submarines in active service by 2024, [13]

Design

Development

The design of the Type 218SG was jointly created by Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA), ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). The design of the submarines is highly customised—conceived to fulfill specific naval requirements of the RSN—including naval operations in littoral waters, guarding sea lines of communication (SLOC), intelligence-gathering (ISTAR) and special operations. [14] The design is believed to be based on the Type 214 export-centric submarine, with design inferences from the Type 212 submarine—both of which were designed by TKMS. [15] The design of the Type 218SG is also believed to have been influenced by the Type 216 submarine concept. [16]

The Type 218SG has a length of 70 metres (229 ft 8 in) and a beam of 6.3 metres (20 ft 8 in), with an overall displacement of about 2,000 t when surfaced and 2,200 t while submerged. It has an estimated speed of about 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) while surfaced and 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) while submerged. [17]

Features

The Type 218SG features several unique characteristics, such as :

Instrumentation

RSS Invincible--the first Type 218SG submarine, photographed while under construction at Kiel. Notice the hull's resemblance to the Type 214 submarine, along with its distinctive "X-shaped" rudder configuration, similar to Israeli's Dolphin-II class submarines. RSS Invincible in TKMS drydock.jpg
RSS Invincible—the first Type 218SG submarine, photographed while under construction at Kiel. Notice the hull's resemblance to the Type 214 submarine, along with its distinctive "X-shaped" rudder configuration, similar to Israeli's Dolphin-II class submarines.

Armament

Current details about the Type 218SG's armament are scant and almost non-existent; however, it is understood that the submarine features eight 533-millimetre (21.0 in) and two 650-millimetre (26 in) forward-firing torpedo tubes— (same configuration with Israel's Dolphin-II submarines) which may be used for firing heavyweight torpedoes, anti-ship missiles and for laying naval mines, as well as a dedicated horizontal air-lock, to disembark naval special forces teams. [26]

The Type 218SG is reported to have a greater ordnance payload (and essentially greater firepower) than the RSN's previous submarines, owing to its much larger size. [27]

Sensors

Not much about the Type 218SG's sensors and automation have ever been reported by Singapore; however, it is understood the submarines are equipped with a "Combat Management System" (CMS) jointly developed by German-based Atlas Elektronik and Singapore-based ST Electronics, along with data analytics and decision support engines developed by the DSTA. [28]

The high levels of sophisticated automation and decision-making systems allows the submarines to run on three 8-hour shifts (instead of two 12-hour shifts), thus allowing the crew more rest to endure prolonged underwater missions. [29] Unlike most submariners, crew of the submarines do not share their beds "hot-bunking" with others, except when a naval special forces detachment is onboard, also a similar arrangement found on the Israeli Navy's Dolphin-II class submarines.

Given its sophisticated automation, each submarine is crewed by only twenty-eight sailors—a number similar to the RSN's other smaller submarines, but fewer than other contemporary conventional submarines. [30]

History

Purchase

In November 2013, Singapore's Ministry of Defense (MINDEF) selected the Type 218SG design, offered by TKMS, as a replacement to the RSN's existing submarine fleet, siding an offer of three conventionally-powered submarines (presumably the Scorpène-class submarine) from French-based naval conglomerate Direction des Constructions Navales (now Naval Group). [31] [32] On 29 November 2013, MINDEF officially contracted TKMS to supply two Type 218SG submarines, along with a training and logistics package, at an estimated cost of US$1.36 billion. [33] The order for the two submarines bore noteworthy significance for being the RSN's first-ever order for new custom-built submarines, since the service had previously relied on the acquisitions of the second-hand Challenger-class and the Archer-class submarines. [34] The purchase of the two submarines was officially announced on 2 December 2013. [35] According to the terms of the contract, the two submarines were initially scheduled to be delivered between 2020 and 2021. [36]

On 16 May 2017, Singapore's minister of defence Ng Eng Hen announced that the RSN had placed an additional order for two more Type 218SG submarines, with additional arrangements of logistics and crew-training, bringing the total number of its ordered submarines to four. [37] According to the terms of the contract, the two additional submarines are to be delivered between 2024 and 2025. [38] In January 2023, it was reported that the cost of the purchase would be USD$1.8 billion. [39]

In December 2021, German news outlet Der Spiegel reported that the German government, headed by then-outgoing chancellor Angela Merkel, had sanctioned a series of last-minute arms deals, including the export of an additional Type 218SG to Singapore; nevertheless, the authenticity of the deal is yet to be verified by the RSN and TKMS. [40] [41] [42]

Construction

The construction of the first submarine began in 2014, with a steel cutting ceremony at TKMS's shipyard in Kiel, Germany. [43] The first submarine, christened as the Invincible, was launched in an elaborate ceremony on 18 February 2019, with defense minister Ng Eng Hen and representatives of the RSN in attendance. [44] During the ceremony, Ng revealed the names of the other three submarines, namely, Impeccable, Illustrious and Inimitable. [45] Invincible began its initial sea trials in September 2020, with its planned delivery date scheduled for 2020. [46] However, in June 2020, Ng announced that the delivery of Invincible had been postponed to 2022, owing to restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. [47]

The construction of the second ordered batch began in January 2018, commencing with the steel-cutting ceremony of the third submarine, Illustrious, which was attended by representatives from TKMS and the DSTA. [48] [49]

In April 2021, German news outlet Lübecker Nachrichten reported that a Type 218SG submarine, presumably either the Invincible or the Impeccable, had suffered fire outbreak during its sea trials. [50] Nevertheless, the submarine in question wasn't reported to have been seriously damaged, nor were the crew reported to have sustained injuries. [50]

One year later, in November 2022, during a one-day visit by German chancellor Olaf Scholz to Singapore, Singaporean prime minister Lee Hsien Loong announced that the second and third submarines of the class, namely, the Impeccable and the Illustrious, would be launched in December of that year. [51] [52] The two boats were launched in an elaborate launching ceremony at TKMS's Kiel shipyard on 13 December, which was attended by Lee, Scholz and Singaporean minister of foreign affairs Vivian Balakrishnan. [53]

In May 2023, Impeccable, which had completed its sea trials earlier that year, was loaded onto a heavy-lift transport ship, the Rolldock Storm, in preparation for its trip to Singapore. [54] Departing Kiel on 1 June, the Rolldock Storm undertook a one-month voyage, traversing across the southernmost tip of Africa, before arriving in Singapore on 7 July, where it was unloaded the day after. [55] Later that month, MINDEF announced that Impeccable would undergo a new set of local sea trials and workup aimed at achieving operationalization prior to its commissioning later in the year. [56]

Ships in class

NameBuilderLaunchedCommissionedStatus
RSS Invincible Flag of Germany.svg  Germany

ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS)

18 February 2019 [57] 2023 (Planned)Being used for training purposes, as of July 2023. [12]
RSS Impeccable13 December 20222023 (Planned)Launched [12] [58]
RSS Illustrious13 December 20222023 (Scheduled)Launched [59]
RSS Inimitable22 April 2024 [60] 2024 (Scheduled)Launched [60] Christened in April 2024. [61]

See also

Submarines of similar comparison era and comparison

Other references to the Republic of Singapore Navy

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References

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  2. ↑ "Why Russia Is Completely Ignoring This New German-Made Submarine". nationalinterest.org. 27 February 2020.
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  55. ↑ "Singapore's Type 218SG submarine begins journey home". www.janes.com. 20 June 2023.
  56. ↑ "First Invincible Class Submarine Arrives in Singapore". www.mindef.gov.sg. 20 July 2023.
  57. ↑ "Singapore's first new submarine christened at Thyssenkrupp shipyard". defensenews.com. 19 February 2019.
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  59. ↑ "Singapore navy launches second and third Invincible-class submarines". CNA. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  60. 1 2 "TKMS Launches The Fourth Invincible-Class (Type 218SG) Submarine For Singapore". www.navalnews.com. 22 April 2024.
  61. ↑ https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/schleswig-holstein/Unverwechselbar-Viertes-U-Boot-fuer-Singapur-in-Kiel-getauft,uboottaufe150.html
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