Iranian handicrafts

Iranian handicrafts are handicraft or handmade crafted works originating from Iran.

Basketry and wickerwork

• Boryabaf  [ fa ], a bamboo wickerwork or textile, used to make floor mats, stools, and fans.
• Kapu (basket)  [ fa ], a palm leaf basketry. ^[1]
• Tutan (boat)  [ fa ], an indigenous boat made of tobacco leaves found in the Hamun Lake region ^[2]

Carpets and rugs

• Persian carpet
  • Abadeh rug, type of carpet with a large diamond pattern
  • Afshar rugs, carpets from the Turkic Afshar tribe
  • Ardabil Carpet, the name of two different famous Safavid carpets which became a style ^[3]
  • Dilmaghani, the oldest existing manufacturers of hand knotted carpets
  • Gabbeh, a type of Persian nomadic carpet
  • Heriz rug, type of carpet with copper in the wool and bold patterns with a large medallion
  • Shiraz rug, a type of Persian carpet
  • Tabriz rug, genre of carpets found in Tabriz
• Kilims, flat woven rug or tapestry ^[4]
  • Zili  [ fa ], type of Kilim
• Soumak, flat woven rug, bedding, or tapestry; a stronger and thicker weave than a Kilim

• 
  The Ardabil carpet
• 
  weaving a carpet in a caravansari in Meybod
• 
  gabbeh carpet
• 
  Baluch carpet, mid–19th century
• 
  Soumak rug

Textiles

• Persian embroidery
  • Pateh, needlework on wool, with colored thread, mostly of silk. It is mostly created by women. ^[5]
  • Rasht embroidery
  • Sermeh embroidery
  • Sistan embroidery and Sistan cream embroidery  [ fa ], using a black, cream or white thread color to decorate clothing or other fabrics
  • Zardozi, metal embroidery thread work made of silver or gold. ^[6]
• Balochi needlework
• Brocade, shuttle-woven fabrics often made in colored silks and sometimes with gold and silver threads.
• Felt, a traditional weaving, common to the Kermanshah province ^[7]
• Ghelimche  [ fa ], a traditional machine woven fabric
• Ghalamkar, wood-block printed fabric, often used for table cloths or as bedspreads. ^[8]
• Khameh, silk embroidered on raw-colored fabric, typically in all white. ^[9]
• Jajim, hand-woven, colorful fabric often found in rural areas
• Termeh, hand woven fabric, often used for table cloths, or made into shawls. ^[10]

• 
  Up-close of Zardozi metal embroidery
• 
  A sample of Termeh
• 
  Iranian Baluchi embroidery
• 
  Persian silk brocade fabric with silver thread (Persian: Golabetoon)
• 
  Bakhtiari felting in Shahr-e Kord
• 
  Pateh, needlework on wool

Metalwork

• Dovatgari ^{[11] [12]}
• Enamelwork (Persian: Minakari) ^[13]
• Metal engraving (Persian: Ghalam-Zani), also toreutics, and repoussé and chasing ^{[13] [14]}
• Openwork, a popular style for bronze work
• Silver-gilt
• Varshosazi, art of making products from nickel silver

• 
  Tabriz-style copper
• 
  Persian metal engraving (golden plated), depicting Shah Anushirvan
• 
  ring making in Qom province
• 
  Openwork metal, incense burner, c. 11th century
• 
  Enamelwork
• 
  Store selling metalwork

Woodwork

• Girih, a branch of traditional architecture and tiling strapwork, often made of wood, but sometimes made of other materials.
• Moarragh (also known as Moarraq), traditional marquetry or wood inlay
• Khatam, marquetry using very small pieces, often made into boxes or to decorate home goods ^{[15] [13]}
• Wood carving

• 
  Girih screen found in Nishapur
• 
  A sample of Khatam box
• 
  Khatam items
• 
  Backgammon (Nard) board made in Khatam technique.

Pottery and ceramics

See also: Persian pottery

• Earthenware
• Fritware
• Garrus ware
• Gombroon ware
• Kraak ware
• Kubachi ware
• Lustreware
• Mina'i ware
• Moarragh, traditional ceramic mosaic tile developed by the Seljuks ^{[16] [17]}

• 
  Persian Kraak ware
• 
  glazed ceramic tile work, from the ceiling of the Tomb of Hafez in Shiraz
• 
  Kubachi ware
• 
  Lustreware
• 
  Mina'i ware

Stone, mosaic, and masonry

• Chiq  [ fa ], a building material used inside the walls of nomadic black tents called "siah chador". ^[18]
• Hardstone carving
• Sculpturing
• Stained glass (Orosi windows, or transliterated as Arasi, and Orsi)
• Firoozeh Koobi, made of a copper vessel that is covered with inlayed turquoise stone. ^[19]
• Stone inlay, the most popular stone used is carnelian, followed by turquoise to make traditional jewelry. ^[20] The inlay is typically laid in mastic and wax, then fixed with enamel and/or niello. ^[20]

• 
  Firoozeh koobi or Persian turquoise inlay
• 
  Colossal Statue of Shapur I, example of traditional statuary stone carving
• 
  Enameled vase
• 

Painting, drawing, and motifs

• Persian miniature
• Motifs
  • Buta (ornament), a motif style
  • Gol o Bolbol  [ fa ], a flower-and-bird motif style
  • Paisley (design), a motif style
  • Master of Animals
  • Lion and Sun
• Illuminated manuscript
• Tashir (craft)  [ fa ], a gilding and painting technique ^[21]

• 
  example of a Persian miniature, "The Nightmare of Zahhak" (c. 1525–1535)
• 
  example of Tashir
• 
  Gol o bolbol motif on earthenware tiles, from the Qajar-era
• 
  Persian silk brocade with silver and gold thread, with paisley pattern

Places in Iran to find handicrafts

• Grand Bazaar, Tehran
• Vakil Bazaar, Shiraz
• Bazaar-e Bozorg, Isfahan
• Tabriz Grand Bazaar, Tabriz
• Fire Temple of Yazd.

See also

• Arts of Iran
• Persian art
• Persian-Sassanid art patterns

References

1. "Kapu of Khuzestan". www.visitiran.ir. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
2. "توتن (قایق) یکی از صنایع دستی سیستان /دریاچه هامون چشم انتظار حیات دوباره آن است". Young Journalist Club (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
3. Beattie, M. (December 15, 1986). "Ardabīl Carpet". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
4. "پاسداري از ميراث و گنجينه گرانبهاي صنايع دستي در منابع مكتوب | ایبنا" [Protecting the heritage and precious treasures of handicrafts in written sources]. خبرگزاری کتاب ايران (IBNA) (in Persian). 2010-06-10. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
5. "Best Handicrafts of Iran: Souvenirs from the Past - Visit Our Iran - Discover Iran".
6. Johnston, Amanda; Hallett, Clive (2014-02-03). Fabric for Fashion: The Complete Guide: Natural and Man-made Fibres. Quercus Publishing. p. 515. ISBN   978-1-78067-513-8.
7. "نمدمالی کرمانشاهی، میراث معنوی ایرانی شد" [Kermanshahi felt became the spiritual heritage of Iran]. ایسنا (ISNA) (in Persian). 2013-01-31. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
8. Sarshar, Houman M. (2014-09-17). The Jews of Iran: The History, Religion and Culture of a Community in the Islamic World. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 214–215. ISBN   978-0-85773-710-6.
9. "Iranian handicrafts: Khameh-Duzi of Sistan-Baluchestan". Tehran Times. 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
10. Middle East and Indian Ocean. Société d'histoire de l'Orient. 1999. p. 348. ISBN   978-2-7384-8380-5.
11. "A research on Shiraz's native art-industry condemned to oblivion". Allameh Tabataba’i University. 2023-09-09. Retrieved 2023-09-09. Dovatgari
12. سامانیان, ساسان; بهمنی, ساره (2022-03-21). "پژوهشی در دواتگری شیراز هنر-صنعت بومی محکوم به فراموشی". دو فصلنامه دانش های بومی ایران (in Persian). 9 (17): 149–176. doi:10.22054/qjik.2023.71081.1343. ISSN   2345-6019.
13. "Iranian handicraft; a rainbow of diversity rooted in old history". IRNA English. 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
14. The Cambridge History of Iran by I. Gershevitch (1985) p.154
15. Meals, Roy A. (2020-10-20). Bones: Inside and Out. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 296. ISBN   978-1-324-00533-9.
16. Journal of the Australasian Ceramic Society. Australasian Ceramic Society. 1989. p. 54.
17. Crabtree, Pam J. (2008). Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Medieval World. Facts On File. p. 77. ISBN   978-0-8160-6936-1.
18. Gh, Akbar (2017-11-25). "Siāh chādor (lett: black tent) is a type of curtain made from the goat hairs". Iran Cultura. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
19. "Iranian MPs Authorize Formation of Handicraft Development Fund - Society/Culture news". Tasnim News Agency. July 5, 2017. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
20. Diba, Layla S. (2011). Turkmen Jewelry: Silver Ornaments from the Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf Collection. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN   978-1-58839-415-6.
21. "آشنایی با هنر تشعیر". همشهری آنلاین (in Persian). 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2022-03-11.