Type | Sandwich |
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Place of origin | United States |
Region or state | Chicago, Illinois |
Created by | Multiple claims |
Serving temperature | Hot |
Main ingredients | Roast beef, French bread |
Variations | Multiple |
Part of a series on |
Steak |
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An Italian beef sandwich sandwich originating from Chicago made from thin slices of roast beef simmered and served au jus on French bread. Common toppings are a choice between spicy giardiniera (called "hot") or mild bell peppers (called "sweet"). The entire sandwich is traditionally dipped in the juice the meat is cooked in before serving with a side of French fries.
The sandwich traces back to Italian American immigrants in Chicago as early as the 1930s, but the exact origin is unknown. The sandwich gradually grew in popularity and was widely eaten in the city by the 1970s and 1980s. [1] The sandwich was not well known outside of Chicago until the release of the television show The Bear set in a fictional Chicago restaurant. [2]
The sandwich is made from beef that has been roasted in beef stock and other seasonings. [3] A 1962 recipe calls for bay leaves, garlic powder, tomato paste, and crushed dried red pepper. [1] The choice of beef cut varies. Inside round is commonly used due to its ease of preparation, but some restaurants use top sirloin. [4] The meat is cooked until it is not pink in the middle, unlike that of a roast beef sandwich. When it's done it is sliced as thinly as possible, usually thinner than one would for a roast beef sandwich. [5] It is then soaked in the juices it was cooked in. [6]
The sandwich is typically served on French bread, often baked at Turano Baking Co. in particular. [7] [8] It is important that the bread is crusty so it does not fall apart after being dipped. [9]
Traditionally the sandwich is either ordered "sweet" with grilled or boiled bell peppers, or "hot" with spicy giardiniera. The sandwich can also be topped with cheese (mozzarella, provolone, or cheddar cheese) which is growing in popularity. Some restaurants offer the addition of Italian sausage, typically called a "combo." Marinara sauce is sometimes offered as a topping. [8]
To assemble an Italian beef, the meat is transferred to the bread still wet, followed by the desired toppings. [6] The completed sandwich is then traditionally dunked in juices before serving. The amount of juices added can be customized using terminology such as "dipped," "dunked," or "wet," but the definitions vary across restaurants. An Italian beef can also be ordered "dry", with or without a side of juice in a cup, similar to a French dip. [8] An Italian beef is frequently ordered with a side of French fries, [7] or sometimes an Italian ice. [5]
Some restaurants sell "gravy bread," bread dipped in juices without meat or toppings. This is cheaper than a full sandwich. [8]
The exact origin of the sandwich is unknown. [5] One possible origin is that the sandwich was invented by Italian American immigrants who sliced inexpensive beef cuts exceedingly thin to feed many people and to tenderize tougher cuts of beef that they were forced to buy due to discrimination. The beef was served on bread to further stretch the meal and mask the poor quality of the meat. [10] Some historians believe that Pasquale Scala invented the sandwich in the 1920s to serve at weddings. Al's Beef claims that Tony Ferreri invented the sandwich in the 1920s to serve at weddings; his son Al later began selling beef sandwiches in 1938. [6] Others believe that Chicago restaurants adapted the French dip sandwich from Los Angeles in 1948 or 1949. [8]
According to the Chicago Tribune, the sandwich was not very popular in the 1950s and 1960s, but it began to take off in the 1970s. By the 1980s the sandwich was ubiquitous throughout Chicago, celebrities such as Neil Diamond and Jay Leno reportedly enjoyed the sandwich. [1] Still, the sandwich was mostly unknown outside of the city until the release of The Bear in 2022. [11] Restaurants across the country reported a surge in demand for the sandwich in the months following the premier of the show. [2] Chris Zucchero, owner of Mr. Beef's, starred in the pilot episode, which was filmed in his restaurant. [12]
The cuisine of the American Midwest draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Indigenous cuisine of the Americas, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.
Gravy is a sauce often made from the juices of meats that run naturally during cooking and often thickened with corn starch or other thickeners for added texture. The gravy may be further coloured and flavoured with gravy salt or gravy browning or ready-made cubes. Powders can be used as a substitute for natural meat or vegetable extracts. Canned and instant gravies are also available. Gravy is commonly served with roasts, meatloaf, rice, noodles, chips (fries), mashed potatoes, or biscuits.
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A French dip sandwich, also known as a beef dip, is a hot sandwich consisting of thinly sliced roast beef on a "French roll" or baguette. It is usually served plain but a popular variation is to top with Swiss cheese, onions, and a dipping container of beef broth produced from the cooking process. Beef stock, a light beef gravy, or beef consommé is sometimes substituted. The sandwich is an American invention, with the name seeming to refer to the style of bread, rather than any French origin. Although the sandwich is most commonly served with a cup of jus or broth on the side of the plate, into which the sandwich is dipped as it is eaten, this is not how the sandwich was served when it was originally developed.
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