Kendayan people

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Kendayan people
Dayak Kanayatn
Dayak Kanayatn.jpg
A Kendayan dancer in traditional attire performs at a church dedication service in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Total population
366,000 [1]
Regions with significant populations
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia (West Kalimantan)
Languages
Kendayan language, Indonesian
Religion
Folk religion (predominantly), Christianity, Islam
Related ethnic groups
Bidayuh (Selako people)

The Kendayan (also known as Dayak Kenyan or Kanayatn) are an Indonesian ethnic group native to Kalimantan, Indonesia in Borneo. The population of the group is around 366,000.

Contents

Language

Kanayatn languages has a high dialectal variety, it encompass the Brahe, Badame, Jare, and Bang App dialects. Socio-linguistically, it is very difficult to specify the language repertoire because it is used with various dialects and patois pronunciation. However, these languages are all considered a part of the Malayic language family which also includes Indonesia's official language, Bahasa Indonesia.

The increased adoption of Indonesian words by the Kanayatn has drastically changed Dayak Kanayatn dialects for modern speakers. With many speakers of traditional dialects in the older generations, this change has resulted in communication problems between generations.

Weapons

The Tangkitn is a unique weapon to the Kanayatn people and was used as their primary head-hunting weapon in the past. [2] In the Salako language, the Tangkitn is also referred to as the Parang Pandat. The Kanayatn tribe employed shields to deflect attacks from swords. According to the Kanayatn people in Mempawah (Compaq-mem pa wah Hulu-mental-too-Sada Niang), there are two types of shields in Kanayatn culture: Gun amp and Jabakng. However, according to Kanayatn members in Landak (including sea Ambawang and Kuala Mandor), there is just one type of shield, namely Gun amp.

Religion

The original religion of the Kanayatn people is not the Kaharingan as it is with the Dayak people. Kanayatn Dayak's indigenous religion is inseparable from their customs (Adat). It can even be said their customs assert their religious identity. In daily practice, Kanayatn Dayak people never mention religion as their normative, but Adat (custom). This religious system is not a Hindu Kaharingan system.

Kanayatn people refer to God as Juba. [3] Juba is said to have passed down indigenous customs to the ancestors of Dayak Kanayatn located in Bukit Ba wang (now entering the district Bengkayang). In expressing belief in Jubata, they have a place of worship called "panyugu" or "padagi" (kadiaman). [4] It is also important for the panyangahatn priest to become a liaison between man and God (Jubata). [5]

Today, many Dayak Kanayatn have embraced other religions, including Christianity and Islam. Kenanyatn people who have embraced another religion may no longer consider themselves as Dayak Kanayatn once they have abandoned their customary practices. Similarly, Kanayatn people who have embraced Islam will no longer regard themselves as Dayak, but as Malay people or Orang laut.

Ethnic origins (disputed)

The Kanayatn were grouped into the category clump Land Dayak-Kalimantan by H. J. Mallinckrodt; but according to C. H. Duman, they are part of the Kanayatn Dayak Ot Danum Clump-Maanyan-Ngaju. However, research completed by W. Stohr conflicts with C. H. Duman's theory. Stohr's research suggests that when considering aspects of the region, language and customary law, the Dayak Kanayatn group appears to be more closely associated with the Land Dayak-Kalimantan group than the Ot-Danum-Maanyan-Ngaju group. Landmark District names have been based on the majority Dayak community Kanayatn which is part of the clump Land Dayak (or Land Djak in Dutch spelling). Kanayatn and Salako are, in fact, one tribe and Salako people assume that "Kanayatn" is not the real name of this tribe.

Folk songs

Related Research Articles

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West Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five Indonesian provinces comprising Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital and largest city is Pontianak. It is bordered by East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan to the east, the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Java Sea to the south. The province has an area of 147,307 km2, and had a population of 4,395,983 at the 2010 Census and 5,414,390 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 5,541,376. Ethnic groups include the Dayak, Malay, Chinese, Javanese, Bugis, and Madurese. The borders of West Kalimantan roughly trace the mountain ranges surrounding the vast watershed of the Kapuas River, which drains most of the province. The province shares land borders with Central Kalimantan to the southeast, East Kalimantan to the east, and the Malaysian territory of Sarawak to the north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bidayuh</span> Ethnic group from Borneo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krio Dayak people</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malayic languages</span> Subgroup of the Austronesian language family

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The Batin are a sub-group of Malay people that inhabits the interior parts of Jambi province

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bantenese people</span> Ethnic group in Indonesia

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The Ibanic languages are a branch of the Malayic languages indigenous to western Borneo. They are spoken by the Ibans and related groups in East Malaysia and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. Other Dayak languages, called Land Dayak, which are not Ibanic, are found in the northwest corner of Kalimantan, between Ibanic and non-Ibanic Malayic languages such as Kendayan and the Malay dialects of Sarawak and Pontianak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ngaju people</span> Ethnic group of Borneo

The Ngaju people are an indigenous ethnic group of Borneo from the Dayak group. In a census from 2000, when they were first listed as a separate ethnic group, they made up 18.02% of the population of Central Kalimantan province. In an earlier census from 1930, the Ngaju people were included in the Dayak people count. They speak the Ngaju language.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dayak Mualang</span>

Mualang are an indigenous people of West Kalimantan from the Dayak group and a sub-ethnic of the Iban people. They speak the Mualang language and they are mostly concentrated in areas in the Sekadau Regency and Sintang Regency of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The specific districts where the Mualang people live include:

  1. Belitang Hilir district, Sekadau
  2. Belitang district, Sekadau
  3. Belitang Hulu district, Sekadau
  4. Sepauk, Sintang and its surrounding region
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pandat</span> War sword of Dayak of Borneo

The Pandat is the war sword of the Dayak people of northwest Borneo and is never used as a tool. On October 18, 2016, this weapon was featured in season 3 episode 9 of the American bladesmithing competition series Forged in Fire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maluku culture</span>

Maluku, a group of islands within the Indonesian archipelago, has a variety of culture and customs expressed in music, tools, languages, dance, and art.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lampung people</span> Ethnic group in Indonesia

The Lampung or Lampungese are an indigenous ethnic group native to Lampung and some parts of South Sumatra, Bengkulu, as well as in the southwest coast of Banten. They speak the Lampung language, a Lampungic language estimated to have 1.5 million speakers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muna people</span> Ethnic group of Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rangkiang</span> Type of rice silo in Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bantenese language</span> Sundanese language spoken by Bantenese people

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