Muna people

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Muna people
Wuna people
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Inwoners uit Laboenti op het eiland Moena Zuidoost-Celebes TMnr 10005691.jpg
Residents of the Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Total population
321,000 [1]
Regions with significant populations
Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia:
Southeast Sulawesi (Buton & Muna Island)
Maluku Islands
Languages
Muna–Buton languages (Busoa language, Kaimbulawa language, Liabuku language, Muna language, Pancana language, Kioko language), Indonesian language
Religion
Islam (predominantly)
Related ethnic groups
Bonerate people, Butonese people

The Muna or Wuna are the indigenous group which primarily inhabit the islands of Buton and Muna. They speak languages from the Muna-Buton language group.

Contents

Connections with Other groups

The Muna language is a member of the Celebic languages in the Austronesian family , which is only found in Indonesia. [2] This language is mainly used by the Muna people on Muna Island and its surroundings, in the province of Southeast Sulawesi. Muna language speakers are spread across Muna Island and the west coast of Buton Island, covering Muna Regency, West Muna, Buton, North Buton, Central Buton, and Bau-Bau City. [3]

However, from the physical appearance of the body, skull, skin color (dark brown), and hair (curly or wavy) it appears that the aboriginal Muna people are closer to the ethnic groups of Polynesians and Melanesians in the Pacific and Aboriginal Australians compared to the Buginese or Malays. This is evident by the similarities of the people and their culture with of those in the East Nusa Tenggara, and the islands of Timor and Flores generally. [4] Woven sarong motifs found in East Nusa Tenggara and Muna Island share similar features such as horizontal lines with basic colors of yellow, green, red, and black. [5] The shape of their headwear also has a resemblance to each other. Since before until today, Muna fishermen often harvest sea cucumbers and go fishing up to the waters of Darwin, Australia in the Timor Sea. This has caused Muna fishermen to have been arrested several times in these waters by the Australian government. [6] These habits may probably indicate the existence of a traditional relationship between the Muna people with Aboriginal Australians. [4]

Culture

Traditional kite flying of the Muna people is called the Kaghati Kolope (Kolope leaf kite), as it is made from Dioscorea hispida leaf. It is thought that the kaghati kolope were used by the farmers as a means of entertainment while looking after their field. Apart from that, it is believed that the kaghati kolope will transform into an umbrella to protect its owner from the sun in the afterlife. [7]

Karia ceremony

In Muna communities, there are ceremonies corresponding to different stages of individuals' lives, beginning with the ceremony of birth and ending with the ceremony of death. One of these stages is the advancement from childhood to adulthood. Women make this transition via the ritual of Karia, which is referred to as Pusuo by the Butonese people. [8]

Karia is a ritual women perform at the age of 15-16 by secluding themselves for 96 hours. They do so with the aid of a Pomantoto, whose job is to instruct them over the course of twelve processions on parenting and Muna virtues, including social unity, self-realization, and caretaking. [9] [10] It is believed in Muna society that a woman should not be married if she has not undergone the process of Karia. If her seclusion is interrupted, the woman undergoing the ceremony will face exclusion and be ostracized within her community. [9] [10]

Kasambu tradition

Kasambu is a transition ritual held by the Muna people in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This tradition is a form of thanksgiving for the safety of the wife who will be giving birth to her first child. It is usually held before the birth of the child, most often in the 7th or 8th month. Prior to this stage of the pregnancy, both husband and wife will bathe together. [11] The Kasambu procession begins with the spouses feeding each other. Food given in this way must be finished. If it is not finished by the wife or husband, the rest is given to the children that are present around them. The act of feeding one another is then continued by the rest of the family.

Kasambu serves to bring together the families of soon-to-be parents and introduce the unborn child to the circle of family that they will be raised into. It brings well wishes and blessings for the child as well as for the safety of both the mother and child in delivery. [12] Finally the procession is ended with a prayer by a priest or imam. [13]

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is considered a blessing by the Muna people and is celebrated by family members as well as sometimes neighbors. Popular Muna belief holds that women undergoing pregnancy are highly susceptible to malevolent influences, which are drawn to the smell of the pregnant woman. Expecting mothers minimize their risk by keeping garlic with them and wearing protective pins. [14]

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Muna of Indonesia". Joshua Project . Retrieved 2015-01-11.
  2. ↑ "Bahasa dan Budaya Muna". www.bahasamuna.org. 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  3. ↑ "Muna - Peta Bahasa". petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
  4. 1 2 Maulid (2012). "Tradisi Lisan Kagaa Dalam Masyarakat Muna Di Sulawesi Tenggara, Perubahan Dan Keberlanjutannya" (PDF). Universitas Indonesia. p. 12. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
  5. ↑ La Ode; Muhammad Ruspan Takasi; Aris (2012). "Pengembangan Materi Ajar Bahasa Indonesia SD Kelas Tinggi Berbasis Budaya Sebagai Antisipasi Konflik Etnik Di Kota Kendari" (PDF). Project Report. Universitas Terbuka, Kendari. Retrieved 2018-09-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ "Empat Nelayan Asal Muna Dipulangkan Dari Australia". KKP News. 3 May 2016. Retrieved 2018-11-25.
  7. ↑ Lucas Aditya (8 October 2016). "Layang-Layang Daun Kolope dari Sulawesi Tenggara Berpeluang Catat Rekor Dunia". Detik. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  8. ↑ Husein A. Chalik; A. Djohan Mekuo; Djuharta Meronda (1992). Pakaian adat tradisional daerah Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Bagian Proyek Penelitian, Pengkajian dan Pembinaan Nilai-Nilai Budaya Sulawesi Tenggara. OCLC   30092751.
  9. 1 2 Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (1988). Paket acara khusus. Taman Mini "Indonesia Indah". OCLC   21566740.
  10. 1 2 Hastuti, Maria Margaretha Sri; Mr, Yulia Kristiyanti Wa Ada (2022-04-22). "Counseling for Muna Tribe's Women of Sulawesi Tenggara". International Seminar on Innovative and Creative Guidance and Counseling Service (ICGCS 2021). Atlantis Press: 146–151. doi:10.2991/assehr.k.220405.025. ISBN   978-94-6239-568-8.
  11. ↑ "ADAT 'KASAMBU ' (mandi 7 bulanan) SUKU MUNA". YouTube. 22 June 2013. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  12. ↑ Asliah Zainal (2018). Menjaga Adat, Menguatkan Agama Katoba dan Identitas Muslim Muna. Deepublish. p. 50. ISBN   978-60-245-3981-8.
  13. ↑ Proyek Penelitian dan Pencatatan Kebudayaan Daerah (1977). Adat istiadat daerah Sulawesi Tenggara. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Pusat Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya, Proyek Penelitian dan Pencatatan Kebudayaan Daerah. OCLC   844545306.
  14. ↑ Lestari, Era; Bahar, Burhanuddin; Farid, Muhammad; Sindrang, Andi Wardihan; Anwar, Anwar; Demmallino, Eymal Bahsar (2022-03-16). "Pregnancy and Childbirth Care for the Muna Tribe in Muna Regency". Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study. 3 (2): 23–34. doi:10.47616/jamrmhss.v3i2.259. ISSN   2708-972X.
  15. ↑ "Dari Pulau Muna, Saddil Ramdani Merangkai Mimpi". kumparan.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 September 2022.
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