Apo Kayan people

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Apo Kayan people
Apokayan / Apu Kayan / Apau Kayan
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Dajak man en vrouw te Apo Kajan TMnr 10005795.jpg
An Apo Kayan Dayak man and woman.
Regions with significant populations
Borneo:
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia (East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan)
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia (Sarawak)
Languages
Kayan–Murik languages, Kenyah languages, Indonesian language, Malaysian language (Sarawak Malay)
Religion
Christianity (predominantly), Bungan, Islam
Related ethnic groups
Orang Ulu (Kenyah people, Kayan people (Borneo)), Kayan Mekam or Kayan Bahau people

The Apo Kayan people are one of the Dayak people groups that are spread throughout Sarawak of Malaysia, East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan of Indonesia. [1] [2] The earliest Apo Kayan people are from the riverside of the Kayan River, Bulungan Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. [3] According to the Apo Kayan Dayak legend, the Kayan people are the forefathers of which all smaller sub-ethnic Dayak people that are found along the Kayan River came from. [4] Today, the population of the Apo Kayan people are estimated about 64,900. [3]

Contents

Sub-ethnic

A photo of a Dayak Kenyah woman from the Apo Kayan region (upper Bulungan Regency), central Borneo (now North Kalimantan), Indonesia taken by Anton Willem Nieuwenhuis during the Commission's Trip to central Borneo, circa 1898-1900. Photo of Jean Demmeni [fr]. COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van een Kenja Dajak vrouw Apokajan of Boven-Boeloengan TMnr 60005427.jpg
A photo of a Dayak Kenyah woman from the Apo Kayan region (upper Bulungan Regency), central Borneo (now North Kalimantan), Indonesia taken by Anton Willem Nieuwenhuis during the Commission's Trip to central Borneo, circa 1898–1900. Photo of Jean Demmeni  [ fr ].

The Apo Kayan people group are divided into 3 sub-ethic Dayak people, namely:-

From the 3 sub-ethnic Dayak people group, they are further divided into 60 smaller sub-ethnic groups that are spread across 60 settlements that are located in Kalimantan and making them the smallest of the sub-ethnic group (Sedatuk) that still retain their family genealogy. [1]

Kenyah people

The Kenyah Dayak people comprises 24 smaller sub-ethnics:-

  • Kenyah
  • Kenyah Bauh
  • Lepo Payah
  • Uma Klap
  • Nyibun Saban
  • Lepo Maut
  • Ma Long
  • Ma Alim
  • Lepo Ko
  • Ma Badang
  • Ulun Nerau
  • Ulun
  • Lepo Tau
  • Lepo Jalan
  • Lepo Bam
  • Lepo Tukung
  • Lepo Aga
  • Lepo Bakung
  • Baka
  • Lepo Lepo
  • Lepo Lisan
  • Lepo Kayan
  • Ngure / Urik
  • Lepo Kulit

Kayan people

The Kayan Dayak people are divided into 10 smaller sub-ethnics:-

  • Uma Pliau
  • Uma Puh
  • Uma Samuka
  • Uma Naving
  • Uma Lasung
  • Uma Daru
  • Uma Paku
  • Uma Bawang
  • Uma Juman
  • Uma Leken

Bahau people

The Bahau Dayak people are made of 26 smaller sub-ethnics:-

  • Saputan
  • Pnihing
  • Kayan
  • Long Glat
  • Ma Suling
  • Long Mai
  • Uma Lohat
  • Hwang Ana
  • Hwang Tring
  • Segai
  • Modang
  • Melarang
  • Ma Belur
  • Ma Lowang
  • Ma Aging
  • Na Pagung
  • Ma Bau / Uban
  • Uvan Dali
  • Bahau
  • Uwabg Hurai
  • Uvang Mekan
  • Uvang Boh
  • Uvang Sirap
  • Uma Mehak
  • Uma Teliba
  • Tunjung Linggal

Geographical location

Geographically, the meaning of Apo Kayan can be understood as plateau that is located at the North Kalimantan-Sarawak boundary. [5] Including Kayan Hulu district, Malinau Regency, North Kalimantan, Indonesia, this region has a height between 450 and 1,700 meters above sea levels. [5]

Culture

The uniqueness of the Apo Kayan Dayak community is their wearing of earrings and tattoos on the hands and feet of both men and women. According to the ancestral beliefs, the wearing of earrings separates men from animals. While the tattoos signifies the difference in social rankings. According to them, the more tattoo markings are found on the body meant the higher the social status in the society would be. However, today the tradition of wearing earrings and tattoos are slowly being left out by the younger generation of the Apo Kayan people. This is due to the feeling of embarrassment to uphold such practices in today's modern society. [6]

Related Research Articles

Dayak people Indigenous ethnic group of Borneo

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Central Kalimantan Province of Indonesia

Central Kalimantan, is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya and in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million, while the 2015 showed a rise to 2.49 million and the latest official estimate is 2,649,803.

Kaharingan Indonesian folk religion

Kaharingan is an animistic folk religion professed by many Dayaks in Kalimantan, Indonesia; particularly Central Kalimantan, although many have converted to Christianity or Islam or follow a syncretic religion. It is estimated that most Dayaks follow their ancient animistic religious traditions (Kaharingan), but often claim to belong to one of the recognized religions in Indonesia to prevent discrimination.

Kayan people (Borneo) Ethnic group in Southeast Asia

Being an indigenous tribe in Borneo, the Kayan people are similar to their neighbours, the Kenyah tribe, with which they are grouped together with the Bahau people under the Apo Kayan people group. The Kayan people are categorised as a part of the Dayak people. They are distinct from, and not to be confused with, the Kayan people of Myanmar.

Punan Bah Ethnic group from Borneo

Punan Bah or Punan is an ethnic group found in Sarawak, Malaysia and in Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Punan Bah people are distinct and unrelated to the semi-nomadic Penan people. Their name stems from two rivers along the banks of which they have been living since time immemorial. They do have other names: Mikuang Bungulan or Mikuang and Aveang Buan. But those terms are only used ritually these days.

Kayan Mentarang National Park National park in Indonesia

Kayan Mentarang National Park is a densely forested national park in North Kalimantan province, Borneo Island, Indonesia. The national park is named after a great dispersed Mentarang mountain trails plateau of Apau Kayan which covers the entire park from Datadian area in south region to Apau Ping area in mid region until Long Bawan in north region.

Orang Ulu

Orang Ulu is an ethnic designation politically coined to group together roughly 27 very small but ethnically diverse tribal groups in northeastern Sarawak, Malaysia with populations ranging from less than 300 persons to over 25,000 persons. Orang Ulu is not a legal term, and no such racial group exists or is listed in the Malaysian Constitution. The term was popularised by the Orang Ulu National Association (OUNA), which was formed in 1969.

Banjar people Ethnic group in Indonesia and Malaysia

The Banjar or Banjarese people, are an ethnic group native to South Kalimantan province, Indonesia. This ethnic group also considered as Bumiputera in Malaysia, they can be found mostly in the Malay Peninsula and Malaysian state of Perak and Sabah.

Kenyah people

The Kenyah people are an indigenous, Austronesian-speaking people of Borneo, living in the remote Baram, Data Kakus, Data Surau, Senap River, Long Dungan, Long Busang, Long Beyak, Bintulu, Miri, Asap River resettlement for Bakun Dam, Long Bulan, Long Jawe and Belaga regions in Sarawak, Malaysia and the remote Apau Kayan, Bahau (Bau), Benua Lama, Benua Baru and Mahakam regions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Lun Bawang

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Maanyan people Ethnic group in Indonesia

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Ngaju people Ethnic group of Borneo

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Bakumpai people Ethnic group in Indonesia

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Kayan River

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Bahau people

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References

  1. 1 2 Tjilik Riwut & Nila Riwut (2007). Kalimantan Membangun, Alam, dan Kebudayaan. NR Pub. p. 237. ISBN   978-979-23-9952-3.
  2. Marcus AS (1999). Kehidupan Suku Dayak Apokayan. Lontar Pattimura Ambon. pp. 23–27. ISBN   979-9190-00-2.
  3. 1 2 "Introduction to Apokayan". Indahnesia. Retrieved 2016-07-31.
  4. "Suku Dayak Kayan (Apo Kayan)". Proto Malayan. Retrieved 2016-07-31.
  5. 1 2 "Pengertian - Arti Apo Kayan". Arti Definisi Pengertian. 15 July 2013. Retrieved 2016-07-31.
  6. "Tradisi Suku Dayak Apokayan Mulai Menghilang". Liputan6. 25 December 2001. Retrieved 2016-07-31.