Khorezm People's Soviet Republic

Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1924) خوارزم خلق شورالر جمهوریتی خارەزم خەلق شورالەر جۇمھۇرییەتى Xorazm xalq sho'ro jumhuriyati (Uzbek) Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика (Russian) Khorezm Socialist Soviet Republic (1923–1924) خارەزم ئیجتیماعیی شورالەر جۇمھۇرییەتى Xorazm ijtimoiy sho'ro jumhuriyati (Uzbek) Хорезмская Социалистическая Советская Республика (Russian)
1920–1924
Flag Emblem (1922–23) Emblem (1923–24)
Motto:  Butun dunyo proletarlari, birlashingiz! "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic in 1922
Capital	Khiva
Common languages	Russian, Uzbek, Turkmen, Karakalpak
Religion	Sunni Islam Sufism (Naqshbandi) Judaism Atheism (promoted by the Communist Party of Khorezm)
Government	Socialist republic (Soviet)
Chairman
• 1920−1921 (first)	Palvanniyaz Khodja Yusupov
• 1924 (last)	Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov
Historical era	Interwar period
• Abdication of Sayid Abdullah	2 February 1920
• Republic established	26 April 1920
• Part of USSR	27 October 1924
Preceded by Succeeded by Khanate of Khiva Uzbek SSR Turkmen SSR Karakalpak AO
Today part of	Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Kazakhstan

The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic ^[a] was the state created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920, when the Khan abdicated in response to pressure. It was officially declared by the First Khorezm Kurultay (Assembly) on 26 April 1920. On 20 October 1923, it was transformed into the Khorezm Socialist Soviet Republic ^[b] . ^[1]

500-roubles coin of 1920–21

Postage stamp of 1922

On 27 October 1924 the Khorezm SSR was divided between the Uzbek and Turkmen SSRs and the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast as part of the delimitation of Central Asia according to nationalities. ^[2] The history of this short-lived republic remains murky and the way its government functioned is not largely clear. The government officials fervently opposed the delimitation plans of the Khorezmian Republic (which had to be carried out under Stalin’s orders) but in the end they were forced to concede.

Politics

Political leaders

  Denotes Acting leader

Name	Took office	Left office	Party		Notes
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
Mulla Dzhumaniyaz Sultanmuradov	2 February 1920	26 April 1920		Communist Party of Khorezm
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Assembly (Kurultoy) of People's Representatives
Palvanniyaz Khodja Yusupov	26 April 1920	6 March 1921		Communist Party of Khorezm
Dzhabbarbergen Kuchkarov	6 March 1921	15 May 1921		Communist Party of Khorezm	Continued as supreme authority to 23 May 1921
Khudaybergen Divanov	15 May 1921	23 May 1921		Communist Party of Khorezm
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee
Madrakhim Allabergenov	23 May 1921	5 September 1921		Communist Party of Khorezm
Mulla Ata-Maksum Madrakhimov	5 September 1921	27 November 1921		Communist Party of Khorezm
Yangibay Muradov	27 November 1921	23 July 1922		Communist Party of Khorezm
Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba"	23 July 1922	20 October 1922		Communist Party of Khorezm	1st term
Atadzhan Safayev	20 October 1922	26 March 1923		Communist Party of Khorezm
Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba"	March 1923	20 October 1923		Communist Party of Khorezm	2nd term
Karim Safayev	20 October 1923	26 March 1924		Communist Party of Khorezm
Mukhamed Abdusalyamov	17 January 1924	19 February 1924		Communist Party of Khorezm
Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov	26 March 1924	17 September 1924		Communist Party of Khorezm	1st term
Nedirbay Aytakov	17 September 1924	27 October 1924		Communist Party of Khorezm
Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov	October 1924	23 November 1924		Communist Party of Khorezm	2nd term

Geography

The Khorezm People's National Republic bordered on the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the north and to the south, and on the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic to the east. Its western border was a rough continuation of the western coast of Aral Sea, bordering on what was then the Kirghiz ASSR (today's western Kazakhstan). It had an area of 62,200 km² (24,000 sq mi) and a population of more than 600,000 people, mainly Uzbeks (62.5%), Turkmens (28.6%), Kazakhs (3.5%), and Karakalpaks (3.0%). Its capital was Khiva. ^[1]

See also

• Khwarazm
• Khanate of Khiva
• Bukharan People's Soviet Republic

References

1. pre-1921 orthography: خوارزم خلق شورالر جمھوریتی
   1921-1926 orthography: Uzbek: خارەزم خەلق شورالەر جۇمھۇرىيەتى, romanized: Xorazm xalq sho'ro jumhuriyati; Russian:Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика, romanized:Khorezmskaya Narodnaya Sovetskaya Respublika
2. 1921-1926 orthography: Uzbek: خارەزم ئیجتیماعیی شورالەر جۇمھۇرىيەتى, romanized: Xorazm ijtimoiy sho'ro jumhuriyati; Russian: Хорезмская Социалистическая Советская Республика, romanized: Khorezmskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika

1. Khorezm People's Soviet Republic: Big Soviet Encyclopedia on-line edition. (in Russian)
2. Погорельский И.В. История Хивинской революции и Хорезмской народной советской республики 1917–1924 гг., Ленинград: Изд-во ЛГУ, 1984

External links

• Media related to Khorezm People's Soviet Republic at Wikimedia Commons
• History of the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic: The first Khorezm Kurultay
• History of the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic: Djunaid Khan's revolt