List of animals by number of legs

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The following is a list of selected animals in order of increasing number of legs, from 0 legs to 653 pairs of legs, the maximum recorded in the animal kingdom. [1] Each entry provides the relevant taxa up to the rank of phylum. Each entry also provides the common name of the animal. If the relevant taxon includes different animals with different common names, then the entry provides the common name of a familiar example.

If juveniles have fewer legs than adults, then the animal is listed by the number of legs recorded in mature adults. If this number varies among adults within the taxon, then this variation is noted in a comment. In counting legs, this list follows the conventions adopted in the relevant literature. For example, millipedes with gonopods are listed by numbers that exclude leg pairs that become gonopods, but numbers for millipedes with telopods include leg pairs that become telopods. [2] [3] [4]

Animals have been selected so that each number from 0 to 55 leg pairs has one example listed. Each of these examples is listed by a number closely associated with the relevant taxon, either because that number is the one most commonly observed in that taxon or because that number is one of only a few recorded for the taxon. Beyond 55 leg pairs, intraspecific variation in leg number increases, and the association between species and any particular number breaks down. [5] [6] Beyond 55 leg pairs, examples are listed only if they represent especially significant maximum numbers (e.g., most legs in the animal kingdom) or exhibit relatively little intraspecific variation in leg number.

This list draws examples from three broad groups of animals: tetrapods (with 0 to 2 leg pairs, [7] [8] providing three examples), velvet worms (with 13 to 43 leg pairs, [9] providing ten examples), and arthropods (with 3 to 653 leg pairs, [10] [1] providing all the other examples). Four classes of arthropods each provide multiple examples, including sea spiders (adults with 4 to 6 leg pairs, [11] providing two examples) and pauropods (adults with 8 to 11 leg pairs, [12] providing four examples), but most of the examples listed are either millipedes (adults with 11 to 653 leg pairs) [5] [1] or centipedes (adults with 15 to 191 leg pairs). [5] Most of the millipede examples come from two orders, Polydesmida (flat-backed millipedes, providing four examples) and Chordeumatida (sausage millipedes, providing eight examples), each with some variation in leg number among species but little variation within species. [3] Nearly all of the centipede examples come from only one order, Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes), which exhibits wide variation in leg number among species (from 27 to 191 leg pairs). [13] Nearly all of the examples from the order Geophilomorpha come from three families of soil centipedes (Mecistocephalidae, Schendylidae, and Geophilidae) that exhibit relatively little intraspecific variation in leg number. [14] [6]

List of animals by number of legs

Number of leg pairsTaxaCommon nameVariationNotes
0 Serpentes (suborder), Squamata (order), Reptilia (class), Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum) [7] snake
1 Aves (class), Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum) [15] bird
2 Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subpylum), Chordata (phylum) [8] mammal, for example2 in most species; some taxa have fewer
3 Hexapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [10] insect, for example
4 Arachnida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [10] spider, for example
5 Pentapycnon (genus), Pycnogonidae (family), Pantopoda (order), Pycnogonida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [16] sea spider
6 Sexanymphon mirabilis (monotypic genus & species), Nymphonidae (family), Pantopoda (order), Pycnogonida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [17] sea spider
7 Isopoda (order), Malacostraca (class), Crustacea (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [10] woodlouse, for example7 in most species; some taxa have fewer [18]
8 Aletopauropus (genus), Brachypauropodidae (family), Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [12] pauropod
9 Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)pauropod9 in most species; some taxa deviate from this number [3] [12]
10 Decapauropus cuenoti (genus & type species), Pauropodidae (family), Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)pauropod9 or 10 in females (usually 9); 9 in males [19]
11 Millotauropus (genus), Millotauropodidae (monotypic family), Hexamerocerata (monotypic order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [3] [12] pauropod
12 Symphyla (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) symphylan 12 in most species; some taxa have fewer [20]
13 Polyxenida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) bristly millipede 13 in most species; some taxa deviate from this number [21]
14 Ooperipatellus viridimaculatus (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [22] velvet worm
15 Scutigeromorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [23] house centipede
16 Peripatoides suteri (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [24] velvet worm
17 Glomerida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) northern pill millipede 17 in females; 19 in males (including 1 pair or 2 pairs of telopods) [25]
18 Peripatopsis alba (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [26] velvet worm
19 Typhloperipatus williamsoni (monotypic genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm19 or 20 in males (usually 19); 20 in females [27] minimum in family [9]
20 Peripatopsis collarium (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [28] velvet worm
21 Sphaerotheriida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) giant pill millipede 21 in females; 23 in males (including 2 pairs of telopods) [25]
22 Metaperipatus inae (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm22 in females; 20 in males [9]
23 Scolopocryptopidae (family), Scolopendromorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [23] bark centipede
24 Eoperipatus totoro (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm24 in females; 23 in males [29]
25 Eoperipatus horsti (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm24 or 25 in females; 23 or 24 in males (usually 23) [30] [31]
26 Agenodesmus reticulatus (genus & type species), Fuhrmannodesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) flat-backed millipede 26 in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); 27 in females [3]
27 Schendylops ramirezi (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) soil centipede 27 in males; 29 in femalesminimum in order [13]
28 Brachydesmus superus (genus & species), Polydesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)flat-backed millipede28 in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); 29 in females [2] [3] [4]
29 Dinogeophilus oligopodus (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [13] soil centipede
30 Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)flat-backed millipedeusually 30 in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); usually 31 in females; some taxa deviate from these numbers [2] [3] [4]
31 Mesochendyla javanica (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) soil centipede31 in males; 31 or 33 in females (usually 31) [32]
32 Devillea tuberculata (genus & type species), Xystodesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)flat-backed millipede32 in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); 35 in females [33] [3]
33 Geophilus hadesi (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [34] soil centipede
34 Mongeperipatus solorzanoi (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm34 in males; 39 to 41 in females (usually 41) [35]
35 Escaryus molodovae (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [36] [37] soil centipede
36 Glomeridesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) slug millipede usually 36 in females; usually 35 in males (including 1 pair of telepods); [25] some taxa deviate from these numbers [38] [39]
37 Escaryus hirsutus (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede37 or 39 in each sex [36] [37]
38 Epiperipatus titanicus (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm36 to 38 in males; 36 to 39 in females [40]
39 Escaryus polygonatus (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [36] [37] soil centipede
40 Chamaesoma broelemanni (monotypic genus & species), Chamaesomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) sausage millipede 40 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); 42 in females [41] [3]
41 Nannarrup (genus), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [42] soil centipede
42 Xystrosoma santllorence (genus & species), Chamaesomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede42 in females; 40 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods) [43]
43 Dicellophilus carniolensis (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [44] soil centipede
44 Haasea hungarica (genus & species), Haaseidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede44 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); 46 in females [3]
45 Dicellophilus limatus (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [44] soil centipede
46 Lipseuma (genus), Kashmireumatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede46 in females; 44 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods) [45]
47 Mecistocephalus tahitiensis (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [46] soil centipede
48 Tianella (genus), Entomobielziidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipedeusually 48 in females; usually 46 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); some species deviate from these numbers [47]
49 Mecistocephalus (genus), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede49 in most species; some species deviate from this number [48] [46]
50 Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipedeusually 50 in females; usually 48 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); some taxa deviate from these numbers [2] [3]
51 Mecistocephalus lifuensis (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [46] soil centipede
52 Metamastigophorophyllon (genus), Anthroleucosomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede52 in females; 50 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods) [49] [25] [3]
53 Krateraspis sselivanovi (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [46] soil centipede
54 Neocambrisoma raveni (genus & type species), Metopidiotrichidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede54 in females; 51 in males (excluding 3 pairs modified as gonopods or paragonopods) [50] maximum in class fixed by species [5]
55 Mixophilus indicus (monotypic genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede55 or 57 in males; 57 in females [51]
57 Mecistocephalus diversisternus (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede57 or 59 in each sex [52]
59 Mecistocephalus smithii (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [53] soil centipede
61 Mairata itatiaiensis (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede61 in males; 63 in females [54]
63 Mecistocephalus japonicus (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede63 or 65 in each sex [52]
65 Aphilodon bahianus (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede63 or 65 in each sex [55]
67 Aphilodon silvestrii (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede67, 69, or 71 in females; 69 in males [55]
69 Schendylops demelloi (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede69 in males; 69 or 71 in females (usually 71) [56]
71 Geoperingueyia crabilli (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede71 in males; 71, 73, or 75 in females (usually 73) [57]
73 Aphilodon pereirai (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede73 or 75 in males; 73, 75, or 77 in females [55]
75 Stenotaenia asiaeminoris (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede75 in males; 77 or 79 in females [58]
191 Gonibregmatus plurimipes (genus & species), Gonibregmatidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipedebased on a single specimen [59] maximum in class [5]
653 Eumillipes persephone (monotypic genus & species), Siphonotidae (family), Polyzoniida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) camphor millipede 499 to 653 in females; 387 to 407 in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods)maximum in kingdom [1]

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  50. ↑ Mauries, Jean-Paul (1987). "Craspedosomid millipedes discovered in Australia: Reginaterreuma, Neocambrisoma and Peterjohnsia, new genera (Myriapoda: Diplopoda: Craspedosomida)". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 25 (1): 107–133.
  51. ↑ Silvestri, F. (1929-11-30). "Description of a New Genus and Species of Geophilidae (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) from Madras (India)". Records of the Zoological Survey of India. 31 (4): 263–267 [263–264]. doi: 10.26515/rzsi/v31/i4/1929/162537 . ISSN   2581-8686.
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