List of animals by number of legs

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An adult female of the millipede species Eumillipes persephone with 653 leg pairs The leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia--female individual with 1,306 legs.jpg
An adult female of the millipede species Eumillipes persephone with 653 leg pairs

The following is a list of selected animals in order of increasing number of legs, from 0 legs to 653 pairs of legs, the maximum recorded in the animal kingdom. [1] Each entry provides the relevant taxa up to the rank of phylum. Each entry also provides the common name of the animal. If the relevant taxon includes different animals with different common names, then the entry provides the common name of a familiar example.

If juveniles have fewer legs than adults, then the animal is listed by the number of legs recorded in mature adults. If this number varies among adults within the taxon, then this variation is noted in a comment. In counting legs, this list follows conventions adopted in the relevant literature. For example, millipedes with gonopods are listed by numbers that exclude leg pairs that become gonopods, but numbers for millipedes with telopods include leg pairs that become telopods. [2] [3] [4]

Animals have been selected so that each number from 0 to 55 leg pairs has one example listed. Each of these examples is listed by a number closely associated with the relevant taxon, either because that number is the one most commonly observed in that taxon or because that number is one of only a few recorded for the taxon. Beyond 55 leg pairs, intraspecific variation in leg number increases, and the association between species and any particular number breaks down. [5] [6] Beyond 55 leg pairs, examples are listed only if they represent especially significant maximum numbers (e.g., most legs in the animal kingdom) or exhibit relatively little intraspecific variation in leg number.

This list draws examples from three broad groups of animals: tetrapods (with 0 to 2 leg pairs, [7] [8] providing three examples), velvet worms (with 13 to 43 leg pairs, [9] providing ten examples), and arthropods (adults with 3 to 653 leg pairs, [10] [1] providing all the other examples). Four classes of arthropods each provide multiple examples, including sea spiders (adults with 4 to 6 leg pairs, [11] providing two examples) and pauropods (adults with 8 to 11 leg pairs, [12] providing four examples), but most of the examples listed are either millipedes (adults with 11 to 653 leg pairs) [5] [1] or centipedes (adults with 15 to 191 leg pairs). [5] Most of the millipede examples come from two orders, Polydesmida (flat-backed millipedes, providing four examples) and Chordeumatida (sausage millipedes, providing eight examples), each with some variation in leg number among species but little variation within species. [3] Nearly all of the centipede examples come from only one order, Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes), which exhibits wide variation in leg number among species (from 27 to 191 leg pairs). [13] Nearly all of the examples from the order Geophilomorpha come from three families of soil centipedes (Mecistocephalidae, Schendylidae, and Geophilidae) that exhibit relatively little intraspecific variation in leg number. [14] [6]

List of animals by number of legs

Number of legsTaxaCommon nameCommentsImage
0 Serpentes (suborder), Squamata (order), Reptilia (class), Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum) [7] snake
Micrurus fulvius, Polk County, FL, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 286627672.jpg
1 pair Aves (class), Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum) [15] bird
Avestruz (Struthio camelus), zona de conservacion de Ngorongoro, Tanzania, 2024-05-27, DD 43.jpg
2 pairs Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subpylum), Chordata (phylum) [8] mammal, for example2 pairs in most species; some taxa have fewer
Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis, flip (cropped).jpg
3 pairs Hexapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [10] insect, for example
Red Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda.jpg
4 pairs Arachnida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [10] spider, for example
Black and Yellow Argiope - Argiope aurantia - Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, Florida.jpg
5 pairs Pentapycnon (genus), Pycnogonidae (family), Pantopoda (order), Pycnogonida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [16] sea spider
Pentapycnon geayi MNHN 2016-418.jpg
6 pairs Sexanymphon mirabilis (monotypic genus & species), Nymphonidae (family), Pantopoda (order), Pycnogonida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [17] sea spider
NMNH-Sexanymphon mirabilis1-000001.jpg
7 pairs Isopoda (order), Malacostraca (class), Crustacea (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [10] woodlouse, for example7 pairs in most species; some taxa have fewer [18]
Ligia oceanica.JPG
8 pairs Aletopauropus (genus), Brachypauropodidae (family), Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [12] pauropod
9 pairs Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)pauropod9 pairs in most species; some taxa deviate from this number [3] [12]
Eurypauropodid (12742282145) crop.jpg
10 pairs Decapauropus cuenoti (genus & type species), Pauropodidae (family), Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)pauropod9 or 10 pairs in females (usually 9); 9 pairs in males [19]
11 pairs Millotauropus (genus), Millotauropodidae (monotypic family), Hexamerocerata (monotypic order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [3] [12] pauropod
12 pairs Symphyla (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) symphylan 12 pairs in most species; some taxa have fewer [20]
Scutigerella 116012425.jpg
13 pairs Polyxenida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) bristly millipede 13 pairs in most species; some taxa deviate from this number [21]
Polyxenus.lagurus.1.jpg
14 pairs Ooperipatellus viridimaculatus (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [22] velvet worm
Ooperipatellus viridimaculatus 469837591.jpg
15 pairs Scutigeromorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [23] house centipede
Scutigera coleoptrata MHNT .jpg
16 pairs Peripatoides suteri (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [24] velvet worm
Peripatoides suteri 333058078.jpg
17 pairs Glomerida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) northern pill millipede 17 pairs in females; 19 pairs in males (including 1 pair or 2 pairs of telopods) [25]
Glomeris marginata 1.jpg
18 pairs Peripatopsis alba (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [26] velvet worm
Peripatopsis alba (10.3897-subtbiol.36.60162) Figure 1 (cropped).jpg
19 pairs Typhloperipatus williamsoni (monotypic genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet wormminimum in family; [9] 19 or 20 pairs in males (usually 19); 20 pairs in females [27]
20 pairs Peripatopsis collarium (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum) [28] velvet worm
21 pairs Sphaerotheriida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) giant pill millipede 21 pairs in females; 23 pairs in males (including 2 pairs of telopods) [25]
Zoosphaerium neptunus 1.jpg
22 pairs Metaperipatus inae (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm22 pairs in females; 20 pairs in males [9]
23 pairs Scolopocryptopidae (family), Scolopendromorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [23] bark centipede
Eastern Red Centipede - Scolopocryptops sexspinosus (50055626578).jpg
24 pairs Eoperipatus totoro (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm24 pairs in females; 23 pairs in males [29]
Eoperipatus totoro.jpg
25 pairs Eoperipatus horsti (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm24 or 25 pairs in females; 23 or 24 pairs in males (usually 23) [30] [31]
26 pairs Agenodesmus reticulatus (genus & type species), Fuhrmannodesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) flat-backed millipede 26 pairs in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); 27 pairs in females [3]
27 pairs Schendylops ramirezi (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) soil centipede minimum in order; 27 pairs in males; 29 pairs in females [13]
28 pairs Brachydesmus superus (genus & species), Polydesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)flat-backed millipede28 pairs in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); 29 pairs in females [2] [3] [4]
Brachydesmus superus, Hartelholz, Munich, Alemania, 2013-04-15, DD 02.jpg
29 pairs Dinogeophilus oligopodus (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [13] soil centipede
30 pairs Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)flat-backed millipedeusually 30 pairs in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); usually 31 pairs in females; some taxa deviate from these numbers [2] [3] [4]
Apheloriavirginiensis.jpg
31 pairs Mesochendyla javanica (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) soil centipede31 pairs in males; 31 or 33 pairs in females (usually 31) [32]
32 pairs Devillea tuberculata (genus & type species), Xystodesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)flat-backed millipede32 pairs in males (excluding 1 pair of gonopods); 35 pairs in females [33] [3]
33 pairs Geophilus hadesi (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [34] soil centipede
Geophilus hadesi - habitus of male specimen (CBSS - CHP515) - Oo 46041.jpg
34 pairs Mongeperipatus solorzanoi (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm34 pairs in males; 39 to 41 pairs in females (usually 41) [35]
35 pairs Escaryus molodovae (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [36] [37] soil centipede
36 pairs Glomeridesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) slug millipede usually 36 pairs in females; usually 35 pairs in males (including 1 pair of telepods); [25] some taxa deviate from these numbers [38] [39]
37 pairs Escaryus hirsutus (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede37 or 39 pairs in each sex [36] [37]
38 pairs Epiperipatus titanicus (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum)velvet worm36 to 38 pairs in males; 36 to 39 pairs in females [40]
39 pairs Escaryus polygonatus (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [36] [37] soil centipede
40 pairs Chamaesoma broelemanni (monotypic genus & species), Chamaesomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) sausage millipede 40 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); 42 pairs in females [41] [3]
41 pairs Nannarrup (genus), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [42] soil centipede
Nannarrup hoffmani.jpg
42 pairs Xystrosoma santllorence (genus & species), Chamaesomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede42 pairs in females; 40 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods) [43]
43 pairs Dicellophilus carniolensis (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [44] soil centipede
44 pairs Haasea hungarica (genus & species), Haaseidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede44 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); 46 pairs in females [3]
45 pairs Dicellophilus limatus (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [44] soil centipede
Dicellophilus limatus.jpg
46 pairs Lipseuma (genus), Kashmireumatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede46 pairs in females; 44 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods) [45]
47 pairs Mecistocephalus tahitiensis (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [46] soil centipede
48 pairs Tianella (genus), Entomobielziidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipedeusually 48 pairs in females; usually 46 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); some species deviate from these numbers [47]
49 pairs Mecistocephalus (genus), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede49 pairs in most species; some species deviate from this number [48] [46]
50 pairs Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipedeusually 50 pairs in females; usually 48 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods); some taxa deviate from these numbers [2] [3]
Craspedosoma.rawlinsi.jpg
51 pairs Mecistocephalus lifuensis (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [46] soil centipede
52 pairs Metamastigophorophyllon (genus), Anthroleucosomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipede52 pairs in females; 50 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods) [49] [25] [3]
53 pairs Krateraspis sselivanovi (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [46] soil centipede
54 pairs Neocambrisoma raveni (genus & type species), Metopidiotrichidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)sausage millipedemaximum in class fixed by species; [5] 54 pairs in females; 51 pairs in males (excluding 3 pairs modified as gonopods or paragonopods) [50]
55 pairs Mixophilus indicus (monotypic genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede55 or 57 pairs in males; 57 pairs in females [51]
57 pairs Mecistocephalus diversisternus (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede57 or 59 pairs in each sex [52]
59 pairs Mecistocephalus smithii (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) [53] soil centipede
61 pairs Mairata itatiaiensis (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede61 pairs in males; 63 pairs in females [54]
63 pairs Mecistocephalus japonicus (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede63 or 65 pairs in each sex [52]
65 pairs Aphilodon bahianus (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede63 or 65 pairs in each sex [55]
67 pairs Aphilodon silvestrii (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede67, 69, or 71 pairs in females; 69 pairs in males [55]
69 pairs Schendylops demelloi (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede69 pairs in males; 69 or 71 pairs in females (usually 71) [56]
71 pairs Geoperingueyia crabilli (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede71 pairs in males; 71, 73, or 75 pairs in females (usually 73) [57]
73 pairs Aphilodon pereirai (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede73 or 75 pairs in males; 73, 75, or 77 pairs in females [55]
75 pairs Stenotaenia asiaeminoris (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipede75 pairs in males; 77 or 79 pairs in females [58]
191 pairs Gonibregmatus plurimipes (genus & species), Gonibregmatidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum)soil centipedemaximum in class; [5] based on a single specimen [59]
653 pairs Eumillipes persephone (monotypic genus & species), Siphonotidae (family), Polyzoniida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum) camphor millipede maximum in kingdom; 499 to 653 pairs in females; 387 to 407 pairs in males (excluding 2 pairs of gonopods) [1]
The leggiest animal on the planet, Eumillipes persephone, from Australia--female individual with 1,306 legs.jpg

References

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