List of armed conflicts between Poland and Russia

"Polish-Russian War" redirects here. For the 2009 Polish film, see Polish-Russian War (film).

This is a list of armed conflicts between Poland and Russia .

This list includes their predecessor states: Piast Poland, the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Kievan Rus', the Principality of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Soviet Union:

  Polish or Polish–Lithuanian victory

  Russian, Soviet, or Muscovite victory

  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Poland or Russia in which the other intervened, status quo ante bellum , or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

Piast Poland versus Kievan Rus'

This section is an excerpt from List of wars between Piast Poland and Kievan Rus'.[ edit ]

This is a list of wars between Piast Poland and Kievan Rus', from the 10th to the 13th century.

  Polish victory

  Kievan Rus' victory

  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Piast Poland or Kievan Rus' in which the other intervened, status quo ante bellum , or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

Date	Conflict	Piast Poland and allies	Kievan Rus' and allies	Result
981	Vladimir the Great's Polish Campaign	Civitas Schinesghe	Kievan Rus'	Kievan Rus' victory [1]
1013	Bolesław the Brave's expedition to Kievan Rus [2]	Civitas Schinesghe	Kievan Rus'	Polish victory
1018	Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis	Civitas Schinesghe Pro-Sviatopolk Kievan Rus'	Pro-Yaroslav Kievan Rus'	Temporary joint victory for Poland and Sviatopolk Poles left Kiev; acquired Cherven Cities Yaroslav ousted Sviatopolk from Kiev
1022	Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest	Civitas Schinesghe	Kievan Rus'	Polish victory
1030–1031	Yaroslav the Wise invasion in Poland [3] (German-Polish War)	Kingdom of Poland	Kievan Rus'	Kievan Rus' victory [4] Kievan Rus' recovered the Cherven Cities
1065–1069 [5]	Rebellion of Vseslav of Polotsk [5] Sieges of Pskov and Novgorod (1065–1067) [5] Battle on the Nemiga River (1067) [5] Kiev uprising of 1068 [5] Intervention by Bolesław II the Bold (1069) [5]	Principality of Kiev Principality of Chernigov Principality of Pereyaslavl Kingdom of Poland (1069)	Principality of Polotsk	Allied victory Principality of Polotsk defeated (1067) [5] Brief Vseslav reign in Kiev (1068–May 1069) [5] Polish intervention (May 1069) [5] Restoration of Iziaslav I of Kiev (May 1069) [5]
1076–1077	Kievan succession crisis [6] Casus belli: death of Sviatoslav Yaroslavich (26 December 1076) Vsevolod besieged Iziaslav in Volyn (1077) Boris Sviatoslavich captured Chernigov, but Vsevolod ousted him (May 1077) Iziaslav recovered Kiev with Polish support (July 1077) [7] [8] [9]	Iziaslav Yaroslavich Bolesław II of Poland Boris Sviatoslavich	Vsevolod Yaroslavich	Compromise Iziaslav and Vsevolod concluded peace Iziaslav recovered Kiev with Polish help (July 1077) [7] [8] Vsevolod retained Chernigov Sons of Sviatoslav exiled to Tmutorakan
1092	Vasilko Rostislavich's raid on Poland [10]	Kingdom of Poland	Kievan Rus'	Kievan Rus' victory
1120—1125	Polish-Ruthenian war (1120—1125) Kievan-Cuman raid on Poland (1120) [11] Battle of Wysokie (1122) Siege of Volodymyr (1123) [12] Battle of Wilichów (1124)	Kingdom of Poland	Kievan Rus'	Polish victory [13] [a]
1142-1143	Vsevolod's raid on Poland [14]	Kingdom of Poland	Kievan Rus'	Kievan Rus' victory
1163	Polish raid on Rus' [15]	Kingdom of Poland	Kievan Rus'	Polish victory
1182–1183	War for Brest	Kingdom of Poland	Kievan Rus'	Polish victory
1192	Battle of Drohiczyn	Kingdom of Poland	Kievan Rus'	Polish victory

Crown of the Kingdom of Poland versus Principality of Moscow

See also: List of wars involving the Principality of Moscow and Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars

Date	Conflict	Poland and allies	Moscow and allies	Result
1507–1508	Lithuanian-Muscovite War	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland	Principality of Moscow	Disputed [16] [17] Principality of Moscow gives Liubech and six border counties to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Lithuania renounces claims to lost territories as a result Lithuanian-Muscovite War (1500-1503)
1512–1522	Lithuanian–Muscovite War	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crown of the Kingdom of Poland	Grand Principality of Moscow	Muscovite victory [18] Muscovy Captures Smolensk
1534–1537	Lithuanian-Muscovite War	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crown of the Kingdom of Poland	Principality of Moscow	Inconclusive Grand Duchy of Lithuania gains Gomel Principality of Moscow gains Sebezh and Zawołocze

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth versus Tsarist Russia

See also: List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Date	Conflict	Poland–Lithuania and allies	Russia and allies	Result
1561–1570	Polotsk War  [ ru ]	Grand Duchy of Lithuania Crown of the Kingdom of Poland From 1569: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Tsardom of Russia (or Muscovy)	Russian (Muscovite) victory
1577–1582	Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Principality of Transylvania	Russia	Polish–Lithuanian victory Livonia, Courland and Semigallia to Poland–Lithuania.
1605	1st Dimitriad	False Dmitry 1 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Tsardom of Russia Russian supporters	Victory of False Dmitry 1
1606	Moscow uprising	False Dmitry 1 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Tsardom of Russia Russian supporters	Victory of Shuisky's coalition [19]
1607–1609	2nd Dimitriad	False Dmitry 2 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Tsardom of Russia Russian supporters	Government victory [20] [21]
1609–1618	Polish–Muscovite War	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks	Tsardom of Russia Kingdom of Sweden [b]	Polish–Lithuanian victory [22] [23] Truce of Deulino Poland–Lithuania gains Severia, Chernihiv [24] and Smolensk [25]
Autumn 1632 – Spring 1634	Smolensk War	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Zaporozhian Cossacks	Tsardom of Russia	Polish–Lithuanian victory [26] [27] [28] [29] Treaty of Polyanovka Russian failure to retake Smolensk. Russia receives Serpeysk [c]
1654–1667	Russo-Polish War	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Crimean Khanate Cossack Hetmanate (1658–1659, 1660–1667 in Right-bank Ukraine) Duchy of Prussia (1654–1656) [30]	Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate	Russian victory [31] [32] [33] [34] Truce of Andrusovo Russia gains control of left-bank Ukraine, Kiev and Smolensk.
18 May – 27 July 1792	Polish–Russian War of 1792	Poland–Lithuania	Russian Empire Targowica Confederates	Russian victory Second Partition of Poland
24 March – 16 November 1794	Kościuszko Uprising	Poland–Lithuania	Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia   Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg Monarchy) [d] Duchy of Courland	Russo-Prussian victory Dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Third Partition of Poland

Polish states and rebels versus Russian Empire

Date	Conflict	Polish states and allies	Russia and allies	Result
9 October 1806 – 9 July 1807	War of the Fourth Coalition Siege of Danzig (1807)	France Confederation of the Rhine Etruria Holland Italy Naples Saxony (from 11 Dec 1806) Polish Legions Swiss Confederation Spain Polish rebels	Fourth Coalition: Prussia Russia   United Kingdom Saxony (until 11 Dec 1806) Sweden Sicily Septinsular Republic (from 17th June 1807)	French victory Treaties of Tilsit Treaty of Posen Prussia loses over half of its territory Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Westphalia
24 June – 24 December 1812	French invasion of Russia, pitched by Napoleon as the "Second Polish War"	French Empire Duchy of Warsaw Italy Naples Rhine Confederation Saxony Bavaria Westphalia Württemberg Hesse Berg Baden Switzerland   Spain [35] French allies:   Austria   Prussia	Russia   United Kingdom	Russian victory Escalation of the conflict into the Sixth Coalition
24 December 1812 – 30 May 1814	War of the Sixth Coalition	France Duchy of Warsaw [e] Italy Naples Napoleonic Spain [f] Confederation of the Rhine [g] Denmark–Norway (1813–1814)	Original coalition   Russia   Prussia Spain   United Kingdom   Hanover Mecklenburg-Schwerin   Portugal Sardinia   Sicily Sweden After the Armistice of Pläswitz   Austria   Bavaria After the Battle of Leipzig Baden   Saxony After 20 November 1813 Netherlands After January 1814 Denmark	Coalition victory Creation of Congress Poland
29 November 1830 – 21 October 1831	November Uprising	National Government	Russian Empire Congress Poland Polish Loyalists	Russian victory
22 January 1863 – 18 June 1864/1865	January Uprising	Polish National Government Rebels from the pre-partition lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Garibaldi Legion Foreign volunteers: French volunteers British volunteers Hungarian volunteers Supported by: Land and Liberty Dzyalynsky Committee	Russian Empire Warsaw Vilna Kiev Supported by: Kingdom of Prussia	Russian victory
1905–1907	Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland	Polish revolutionaries Worker militias Polish Socialist Party Combat Organization SDKPiL Bund Anarchists	Imperial Government Russian Army Okhrana Polish reactionaries National-Democratic Party Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej (Real Politics Party)	Imperial Government victory

Second Polish Republic versus Soviet Union

See also: List of wars involving the Soviet Union

Date	Conflict	Poland and allies	Soviet Union and allies	Result
1918/1919 [h] – 18 March 1921	Polish–Soviet War	Poland Ukraine (1920) Belarus (1920) Latvia (1920) [i] Support: France Hungary Romania [38]   United Kingdom [j] United States [j]	Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Polrewkom	Polish victory [39] Poland retained control of modern-day Western Ukraine and Western Belarus (Kresy in interwar Poland) Soviet forces retained control of modern-day Eastern Ukraine and Eastern Belarus
17 September – 6 October 1939	Soviet invasion of Poland	Poland	Soviet Union Co-belligerent: Germany	Soviet victory Territory of Eastern Poland (Kresy) annexed by the Soviet Union

See also

• Hungarian Revolution of 1848
• Baikal Insurrection
• War of the Fourth Coalition
• Civil war in Poland (1704–1706)
• War of the Polish Succession
• Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
• Polish October
• Martial law in Poland
• History of the Russo-Turkish wars  – Series of conflicts between 1568 and 1918Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• List of wars and battles involving Galicia–Volhynia
• List of wars involving Kievan Rus'
• List of wars involving the Principality of Moscow
• List of wars involving Poland
• List of wars involving Russia
• List of wars involving Sweden
• List of wars involving Ukraine
• Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars  – Series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow – in most of which Kingdom of Poland was allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
• Poland–Russia relations
• Polish–Ottoman Wars
• Polish–Swedish wars
• Polish–Teutonic War  – Military conflictsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Russo-Swedish Wars
• Russo-Finnish wars
• Russo-Persian Wars  – Series of conflicts between 1651 and 1828

Notes

1. In the end, after the Battle of Wilichów, Bolesław III Wrymouth defeated Vladimirko Volodarovich
2. 1609–1610
3. To encourage Russia to join the anti-Swedish alliance
4. They did not participate in active hostilities.
5. The Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
6. Dissolved after the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813
7. Many member states defected after the Battle of Leipzig
8. There is disagreement over the dates of the war. The Encyclopædia Britannica begins its "Russo-Polish War" article with the date range 1919–1920 but then states, "Although there had been hostilities between the two countries during 1919, the conflict began when the Polish head of state Józef Piłsudski formed an alliance with the Ukrainian nationalist leader Symon Petlyura (21 April 1920) and their combined forces began to overrun Ukraine, occupying Kiev on 7 May." Some Western historians, including Norman Davies, consider mid-February 1919 the beginning of the war. ^[36] However, military confrontations between forces that can be considered officially Polish and the Red Army were already happening by late autumn 1918 and in January 1919. ^[37] The city of Vilnius, for example, was taken by the Soviets on 5 January 1919.
9. Battle of Daugavpils
10. Volunteers

References

1. Щавелева Н.И. Древняя Русь в "Польской истории" Яна Длугоша М. 2004. с.230
2. Bunar, Piotr; Sroka, Stanisław Andrzej (2004). Słownik wojen, bitew i potyczek w średniowiecznej Polsce. Kraków: Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych "Universitas". p. 18. ISBN   978-83-242-0397-0.
3. Dimnik M. Yaroslav Vladimirovich (англ.) // Encyclopedia of Russian History / Ed.-in-Chief J. R. Millar. — New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. — P. 1702. — ISBN 0-02-865907-4.
4. Королюк В.Д. Западные славяне и Киевская Русь в X—XI вв. — М.: Наука, 1964. — 383 с.
5. Martin 2007, p. 31.
6. Martin 2007, p. 57.
7. "Jak król Bolesław niewierne żony ukarał". CiekawostkiHistoryczne.pl (in Polish). 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
8. po/PAP (2011-12-24). "Trochę historii: 935 lat temu Bolesław Szczodry został królem Polski". Newsweek (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
9. "Bolesław Śmiały i Stanisław ze Szczepanowa. Krwawa rozprawa króla z biskupem zdrajcą | HISTORIA.org.pl - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne". HISTORIA.org.pl (in Polish). 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
10. Pashuto 1968, p. 44.
11. Pashuto 1968, p. 151.
12. Pashuto 1968, p. 152.
13. "Zwycięskie wojny Polski z Rusią i Rosją na przestrzeni wieków | HISTORIA.org.pl - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne". HISTORIA.org.pl (in Polish). 2012-06-12. Retrieved 2024-11-23. Rozwścieczony Bolesław w bitwie po Wilichowem zmiażdżył wschodniego władcę skutecznie wybijając mu z głowy walki z Polską.
14. Pashuto 1968, p. 153.
15. Pashuto 1968, p. 159.
16. Taras 2006, p. 175. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTaras2006 (help)
17. Gudavičius 1999, p. 280. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGudavičius1999 (help)
18. Карамзин Н. М. История государства Российского. — СПб.: Тип. Н. Греча, 1816—1829. — Т. 7.
19. Платонов, Сергей Федорович (1899). "Очерки по истории смуты в московском государстве".
20. Gumilev 2023, pp. 375–376.
21. After the final defeat, he was killed by the Tatars in 1610
22. Pognowski, Iwo (1988). Poland, a historical atlas. New York: Hippocrene Books. p. 114. ISBN   978-0-87052-282-6.
23. Koneczny, Feliks. Dzieje Polski opowiedziane dla młodzieży. p. 158. Wtem zatrzymano się, zawierając w Dywilinie rozejm na lat 16. Warunki były świetne. Trzy obszerne ziemie: smoleńska, siewierska i czernihowska powiększyły obszar Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. [...] rozszerzając granice państwa tak daleko poza Dniepr, świadczył o wielkiej potędze Polski i Litwy. Szczyt potęgi polskiej przypada właśnie na te czasy.
24. "Wojny polsko-rosyjskie w XVII wieku – lata 1609–1618, 1632–1634". wypracowania24.pl. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
25. Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2019). A Concise History of Poland (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 119.
26. Ostrowski, Donald (2022-01-25). Russia in the Early Modern World: The Continuity of Change. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 175. ISBN   978-1-7936-3421-4. The siege failed and the subsequent Treaty of Polianovka, which ended the Smolensk War in 1634 [...] This defeat ended Muscovy's initial attempt to convert to Euro-Ottoman-style strategy.
27. "Legal foundations of administration in Belarusian lands in the 14th-18th centuries (overview)". Archives of Belarus. 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26. Russia began the so-called Smolensk War of 1632-1634, which ended in her defeat.
28. Kupisz, Dariusz (2001). Smoleńsk 1632-1634. Historyczne Bitwy. Warszawa. ISBN   978-83-11-09282-2. Zwycięstwo nad Moskwą, przynoszące państwu korzystny traktat pokojowy, opłacono więc stosunkowo niewielkimi kosztami.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
29. "500 lat wojen Polski z Rosją. Od XV w. nie było stulecia, by Polska nie toczyła wojny z Rosją | HISTORIA.org.pl - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne". HISTORIA.org.pl (in Polish). 2023-06-17. Retrieved 2025-01-10.
30. Овсій, Іван Олексійович. Зовнішня політика України від давніх часів до 1944 року: навч. посібник для студ. гуманітар. спец. вищих закладів освіти / І. О. Овсій . – Київ: Либідь, 1999. – 238 с. Дата обращения: 20 августа 2017. Архивировано из оригинала 13 октября 2017 года
31. Bushkovitch 2012, p. 66. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBushkovitch2012 (help)
32. Gumilev 2023, p. 416.
33. Perrie 2006, p. 506. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPerrie2006 (help)
34. Essen 2023, p. 411. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEssen2023 (help)
35. Zamoyski 2004, p. 87. sfn error: no target: CITEREFZamoyski2004 (help)
36. Davies 2003, p. 22. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavies2003 (help)
37. Chwalba 2020, p. 13. sfn error: no target: CITEREFChwalba2020 (help)
38. "Rumunia – zapomniany sojusznik" [Romania – a forgotten ally]. Chwała Zapomniana (in Polish). 6 March 2019.
39. • Sparks, Alan E. (2020-08-18). Into the Carpathians: A Journey Through the Heart and History of East Central Europe (Part 2: The Western Mountains). Rainy Day Publishing. ISBN   978-0-578-70572-9.
    • Overy, Richard J. (1999). Russia's war. London: Penguin. p. 5. ISBN   978-0-14-027169-0. The Soviet leaders never forgot the war with Poland. Twenty years later the area was reoccupied amidst an orgy of reprisals. The defeat of 1920 showed that despite victory in the civil war the new state was weakly defended and insecure.
    • Watt, Richard M. (1998). Bitter glory: Poland and its fate ; 1918-1939. New York, NY: Hippocrene Books. p. 152. ISBN   978-0-7818-0673-2. Despite Piłsudski's disappointment with many aspects of the Treaty of Riga, the Polish-Soviet War did have certain positive results for the Polish Republic. Most importantly, it taught the Soviet government that it was dealing with a tough, patriotic people who were unready for a revolution with a Russian flavor. Lenin himself admitted that the war had been a serious mistake. Poland had been probed with the bayonets of the Red Army and the bayonets had been blunted. The Soviets would not attack Poland again for nearly a generation.
    • "History of the Russo-Polish War | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2025-04-07.
    • Gella, Aleksander (1989-01-01). Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe: Poland and Her Southern Neighbors. SUNY Press. p. 23. ISBN   978-0-88706-833-1. The Polish victory had gained twenty years of independence
    • Porter-Szücs, Brian Allen (2014). Poland in the modern world: beyond martyrdom. A new history of modern Europe. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 83. ISBN   978-1-4443-3218-6. In hindsight, the Polish-Bolshevik War was in a fact a victory for the idea of Poland
    • Sanford, George (2007-05-07). Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-30299-4. in the 'bitterness of defeat' in the Polish-Soviet War of 1920

Sources

• Włodarski, Bronisław (1927), Polityka ruska Leszka białego, vol. III, Lviv: Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu
• Kotlar, Nikolai (2003). Политика южной Руси[The politics of Southern Russia] (in Russian). Алетейя. ISBN   5-89329-593-5.
• Gumilev, Lev (2023) [1992]. От Руси к России[For Rus' to Russia]. Эксклюзивная классика (revised ed.). Moscow: AST. ISBN   978-5-17-153845-3.
• Karamzin, Nikolay (1824). История Государства Российского [History of the Russian state]. Volume II, Chapter IX.
• Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-511-36800-4.
• Solovyov, Sergey (1879). История России с древнейших времён [The history of Russia since ancient times] (in Russian). Chapter VII.
• Pashuto, Vladimir (1968). Внешняя политика Руси[The foreign policy of Russia] (in Russian). Moscow: Наука.