List of capitals of Andhra Pradesh

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The capital of Andhra Pradesh have been changed various times since its formation.

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Hyderabad State in 1956 (in yellowish green). After reorganisation in 1956, regions of the state west of the red and blue lines merged with the Bombay and Mysore states respectively, and the rest of the state (Telangana) was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. The capital of the newly formed state was Hyderabad. Hyderabad State reorganization 1956.png
Hyderabad State in 1956 (in yellowish green). After reorganisation in 1956, regions of the state west of the red and blue lines merged with the Bombay and Mysore states respectively, and the rest of the state (Telangana) was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. The capital of the newly formed state was Hyderabad.

On 1 October 1953, Andhra State was formed with its capital as Kurnool. It was formed after the Andhra movement, led by various Telugu leaders. During the same time, campaigns such as Visalandhra movement started in Andhra State and by Telugu-speaking people in Hyderabad State. States Reorganisation Act, 1956 came into effect from 1 November 1956 with an aim to organising the boundaries of India's states and territories along linguistic lines. As a result, the central government, led by Nehru, merged Andhra State and Hyderabad State (Telugu-speaking areas are now Telangana) to form united Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956 after ensuring safeguards to Telangana in the form of a gentleman's agreement. Hyderabad became the new capital of the state of united Andhra Pradesh.

There have been several movements to revoke the merger of Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972, and 2009. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum in the 21st century by an initiative of Telangana Political Joint Action Committee, TJAC including political leadership representing the Telangana area. [1] On 9 December 2009 the government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent protests led by people in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23 December 2009.

The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana. [2] There have been hundreds of claimed suicides, [3] strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood.

On 30 July 2013, the Congress Working Committee unanimously passed a resolution to recommend the formation of a separate Telangana state. After various stages the bill was placed in the Parliament of India in February 2014. [4] In February 2014, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of Telangana state comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh. [5] The bill received the assent of the president and published in the Gazette on 1 March 2014. [6] The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014 with its capital as Hyderabad.

Amaravati was founded by former Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu in 2014 as the Greenfield administrative capital city of the Andhra Pradesh state, and its foundation stone was laid at Uddandarayunipalem by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi on 22 October 2015. [7] In 2017, Andhra Pradesh Government began operating officially from the newly planned capital city Amaravati. [8] [9] In August 2020, Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly passed Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Act, 2020. According to its provisions, Visakhapatnam is the executive capital while Amaravati and Kurnool serve as legislative and judicial capitals, respectively. [10] The decision resulted in widespread protests by the farmers of Amaravati. [11] The act has been challenged in Andhra Pradesh High Court, which ordered to maintain status quo until the court completes its hearing. On 22 November 2021, the government, led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, have withdrawn the act. The decision to withdraw the act was taken at an emergency cabinet meeting held on 21 November 2021. [12]

List

Capital(s)FromToNotesRef.
Andhra State (1953–1956)
Kurnool 1 October 19531 November 1956 [13]
Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)
Hyderabad 1 November 19562 June 2014Capital [14]
Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad 2 June 20142 June 2024as the de jure capital
Visakhapatnam 1 August 202022 November 2021as legislative capital
Kurnool as judicial capital
Amaravati 22 October 201531 July 2020as full-fledged capital [15]
1 August 202022 November 2021as executive capital [16]
22 November 2021Presentas full-fledged capital [17]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andhra Pradesh</span> State in southern India

Andhra Pradesh is a state in the southern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state with an area of 162,970 km2 (62,920 sq mi) and the tenth-most populous state with 49,577,103 inhabitants. It shares borders with Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and the Bay of Bengal. It has the second-longest coastline in India at about 974 km (605 mi). After existence as Andhra State and unified Andhra Pradesh, the state took its present form on 2 June 2014, when the new state of Telangana was formed through bifurcation. Amaravati is the capital of the state, with the largest city being Visakhapatnam. Water sharing disputes and asset division with Telangana are not yet resolved. Telugu, one of the classical languages of India used by the majority of people, is the first official language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">N. Chandrababu Naidu</span> Former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, India

Nara Chandrababu Naidu, also known as Chandrababu Naidu or CBN, is an Indian politician, statesman and the current leader of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He also served as Chief Minister from 1995 to 2004 and as opposition leader from 2004 to 2014 of Andhra Pradesh. He has been the national president of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) since 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telugu Desam Party</span> Indian political party

The Telugu Desam Party is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by the former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh N. T. Rama Rao (N.T.R.) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu speakers. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telangana</span> State in southern India

Telangana is a state in India situated in the southern part of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India as per the 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of United Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rayalaseema</span> Geographic region of Andhra Pradesh in India

Rayalaseema is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises four southern districts of the State, from prior to the districts reorganisation in 2022, namely Kurnool, Anantapur, YSR, and Chittoor. Four new districts were created from these, namely Sri Sathya Sai, Nandyal, Annamayya, and Tirupati. As of 2011 census of India, the western four districts of the region had a population of 15,184,908 and cover an area of 77,424 km2 (29,894 sq mi).

The Politics of Andhra Pradesh take place in the context of a bicameral parliamentary system within the Constitutional framework of India. The main parties in the state are the YSR Congress Party, Telugu Desam Party and Jana Sena Party. Other parties that have small presence in the state include the Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party and Left parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andhra State</span> Former state of India (1953–56) in Andhra Pradesh

Andhra State was a state in India created in 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras State. The state was made up of this two distinct cultural regions – Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra. Andhra State did not include all Telugu-speaking areas, as it excluded some in Hyderabad State. Under the State Reorganisation Act of 1956, Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking regions of Hyderabad State to form Andhra Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Andhra</span> Geographic region of Andhra Pradesh in India

North Andhra or Uttara Andhra, also known as Kalinga Andhra, is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is between the Eastern Ghats and the coast of the Bay of Bengal. It comprises six northern districts of the state, Srikakulam, Parvathipuram Manyam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, Alluri Sitharama Raju and Anakapalli. As of 2011 census of India, the region with six districts has a population of 9,338,177.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Andhra Pradesh</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telangana movement</span> Revolt for the separate state of Telangana, in India

The Telangana movement refers to a movement for the creation of a separate state, Telangana, from the pre-existing state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The new state corresponds to the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad, which were merged with Andhra Pradesh in 1956, leading to the Mulki Agitations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samaikyandhra Movement</span>

Samaikya Andhra Movement was a movement organized to keep the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh united, and to prevent the division of the state - separating the Telangana districts of the state into a separate Telangana state. The movement was supported by government employees, advocates in Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions along with students from 14 universities, various occupational, caste & religious groups of Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions. The last set of protests were triggered after the Congress Working Committee decision to divide the state came to an end after President of India gave nod to Telangana Bill which would make the latter to come into existence from 2 June 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">YSR Congress Party</span> Political party in India

The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Its president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, serves as the state's chief minister. It currently has 17 seats in the Lok Sabha.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaravati</span> Capital of Andhra Pradesh, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)</span> Former state in India with Hyderabad as its capital

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The 2019–2024 Amaravati protests, simply known as Amaravati protests, are ongoing demonstrations in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh triggered by the idea of changing the one capital of Amaravati already identified and developed partially, to three capitals of Amaravati, Visakhapatnam and Kurnool by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. This led to concerns that the decision would create chaos and insecurity for farmers who gave their fertile agricultural lands to the government in 29 villages of Guntur district. The protests began in Mandadam, Thullur, Uddandarayunipalem on 18 December 2019. In a few days, the protests spread across Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, in Andhra Pradesh. On 17 December 2020, series of events were done to mark the protests' anniversary.

The Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Act, 2020 is an act of Andhra Pradesh Legislature aimed at the decentralisation of governance in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The bill was proposed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to establish three capitals at different places in the state namely Visakhapatnam, Amaravati, and Kurnool, which will serve as executive, legislative and judicial capitals respectively.

References

  1. ↑ "How Telangana movement has sparked political turf war in Andhra". Rediff. 5 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  2. ↑ "Pro-Telangana AP govt employees threaten agitation". The Economic Times. 10 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  3. ↑ "Telangana Protests, Student Suicides Increase in Hyderabad During Budget Sessions". Politics Daily. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  4. ↑ "Telangana bill passed in Lok Sabha; Congress, BJP come together in favour of new state". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  5. ↑ "Telangana bill passed by upper house". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  6. ↑ "The Andhra Pradesh reorganisation act, 2014" (PDF). Ministry of law and justice, government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  7. ↑ "Thousands descend on Andhra village Uddandarayunipalem to watch history in making", The Economic Times, 22 October 2015
  8. ↑ "Andhra Pradesh To Get New Capital Amaravati Today, PM Modi To Inaugurate". NDTV. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  9. ↑ P, Ashish (2 March 2017). "Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu inaugurates new Andhra Pradesh Assembly". India Today. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  10. ↑ "YS Jaganmohan Reddy's three-capital plan on track as Andhra Pradesh governor gives nod to two bills".
  11. ↑ Sudhir, Uma (13 January 2020). "Won't Celebrate Harvest Festival, Say Amaravati Farmers Amid Protests". NDTV. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  12. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Andhra Pradesh scraps controversial three capital model". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  13. ↑ "Indian Express October 2, 1953" . Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  14. ↑ "The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014" (PDF). India Code Legislative Department. Ministry of Law and Justice. 1 March 2014. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "Thousands descend on Andhra village Uddandarayunipalem to watch history in making", The Economic Times, 22 October 2015
  16. ↑ "Andhra Governor gives nod to CM Jagan Mohan Reddy's three-capital plan". Livemint. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  17. ↑ Gopi Dara (22 November 2021). "AP Capital News: Andhra Pradesh govt withdraws three-capitals bills | Vijayawada News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
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