Nellore district

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Nellore district
Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district
Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Galigopuram, Nellore (8).jpg
Barashadid darga-front view.nellore.JPG
Udayagiri Fort (16).jpg
Pinakini satygraha Aasram, in rainy.jpg
Mypadu beach-sunrise.jpg
Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore in Andhra Pradesh (India).svg
Location of Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh
Nellore district
Coordinates(Nellore): 14°26′N80°0′E / 14.433°N 80.000°E / 14.433; 80.000
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Flag placeholder.svg Andhra Pradesh
Region Coastal Andhra
Established1792
1st Reorganized1970 (Prakasam district)
2nd Reorganized2022 (Tirupati district)
Named for Potti Sreeramulu
Headquarters Nellore
Mandals 38 [1]
Government
   District collector O. Anand IAS Collector & District Magistrate
   Lok Sabha constituencies Nellore
   MP Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy
   Assembly constituencies 08
Area
[2]
  Total
10,447 km2 (4,034 sq mi)
Population
 (2011) [2]
  Total
2,469,712
  Density240/km2 (610/sq mi)
   Urban
29.07%
Demographics
   Literacy 69.15%
  Sex ratio986
Vehicle registration AP-26 (former)
AP–39 (from 30 January 2019) [3]
Major highways NH 16, NH 67, NH 565
Coastline167 kilometres (104 mi)
Website spsnellore.ap.gov.in

Nellore district, officially known as Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in Coastal Andhra Region, [4] is one of the 26 districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. According to the 2011 Census, the district's population was 2,963,557 [5] of which 29.07% was urban. Its administrative headquarters are located in Nellore city. Located in the Coastal Andhra region, the district is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, Kadapa district and Annamayya district to the west, Prakasam district to the north, and Tirupati district to the south. [6]

Contents

Etymology

The name of the district is derived from the name of the district headquarters, Nellore. The city was historically known as Vikrama Simhapuri until the 13th century, when it became known as Nellore. The name "Nellore" originates from a mythological story in the Sthala Purana, which depicts a lingam in the form of a stone under a Phyllanthus emblica (amla), or nelli tree. According to this myth, the place gradually became known as "Nelli-ooru" (nelli referring to the amla tree and ooru meaning "place" in both Tamil and Telugu). Over time, the name evolved to the present-day "Nellore," reflecting the area's historical and cultural significance. [7] The name is also linked to the Tamil word "நெல்லு" (nellu), meaning "paddy" or "rice," highlighting the region's long-standing association with rice cultivation. [8]

The official name of Nellore was changed to Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District (SPS Nellore) on 4 June 2008, [9] in honour of the Indian revolutionary Potti Sri Ramulu, who died fasting in an attempt to achieve the formation of a separate state for the Telugu people, which would later become Andhra Pradesh. [10]

History

The Nawabs and the British period

After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, the area was ruled by the Nawabs. During the eighteenth century, Nellore saw wars between Najeebullah, the ruler of the area, and his brother Arcot Nawab, who received support from the British and French. Nawab's army, under the command of colonel Caillaud, took over the Nellore fort in 1762. [11] For the purposes of revenue collection, the town of Nellore and the surrounding district were handed over to the British East India Company in 1781 and 1801, respectively. Nellore was named the revenue unit for the district. [12]

Post Indian Independence

In 1970, the northern parts of Nellore district were transferred to the newly created Prakasam district. [13]

Damaramadugu rice fields in Nellore district Damaramadugu Rice Fields.jpg
Damaramadugu rice fields in Nellore district

On 4 April 2022 Some areas from Southern parts of Nellore district were transferred to newly created Tirupati district.

Education

In the undivided Nellore district, as per the school information report for the academic year 2017–18, there are a total of 4,489 schools. These include: 21 government, 3,140 mandal and zilla parishads, 2 residential, 1,077 private, 10 model, 10 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 106 municipal and 123 other types of schools. [14] [15] [16] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 3,95,092. [17]

Economy

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of Nellore district is 30,482 crore (304.82 billion rupees) and makes up 5.8% of Andhra Pradesh's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the fiscal year 2013–14, Nellore's per capita income at current prices was 80,782 (US$970). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹9,729 crore, ₹6,320 crore and ₹14,433 crore (97.29 billion, 63.2 billion and 144.33 billion rupees), respectively. [18] The major agricultural contributors to the district's gross value added (GVA) include: paddy, sugarcane, lemon, tomato, milk, meat and fisheries. The major industrial and service contributors to the district's GVA include: construction, electricity, manufacturing, transport and education. [18]

Mining

Nellore district produces most of the crude mica in India. [19] Between 2011 and 2012, Nellore produced 1,784 tonnes of crude mica, the majority of India's total production of 1,899 tonnes. [20]

Epigraphical records

In Nellore district, there exist a variety of Telugu inscriptions originating from several different kingdoms. Tamil inscriptions also exist near the Mallam Subramanyeshwara Swamy temple, which was constructed by Rajendhra Chola during the fourteenth century. [21] [22] [23]

Geography

Located in the Coastal Andhra region in Andhra Pradesh and also a Tondai Nadu region, the district is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, Kadapa district and Annamayya district to the west, Prakasam district to the north, and Tirupati district to the south. [6]

Climate

Maximum temperature occur during the summer at 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F), while the minimum temperature occurs during the winter at 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F). The average annual rainfall of the district is 1,080 mm (43 in), and reaches its peak during the southwest and northeast monsoons.

Demographics

Nellore district has a population of 24,69,712, of which 705,893 (28.58%) lived in urban areas based on the 2011 Census. It has a sex ratio of 983 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5,04,941 (20.45%) and 2,15,452 (8.72%) of the population respectively. [24] [25]

Languages of Nellore district (2011) [26]

   Telugu (88.34%)
   Urdu (9.56%)
  Others (2.10%)

Based on the 2011 census, 88.34% of the population spoke Telugu and 9.56% Urdu as their first language. [26]

88.71% of people follow Hinduism while 10.73% of people follow Islam. [27]

Religions in Nellore district (2011)
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
88.11%
Islam
10.73%
Christianity
0.87%
Other or not stated
0.49%
Distribution of religions

Administrative divisions

Mandals

The following lists the 38 mandals in Nellore district by their revenue division. [28]

Politics

Parliament segments

Assembly constituency

The district has the following Legislative Assembly segments: [29]

Constituency numberNameReserved for
(SC/ST/None)
Parliament
119 Sarvepalli None Tirupati
109 Kandukur None Nellore
114 Kavali None
115 Atmakur None
116 Kovuru None
117 Nellore City None
118 Nellore Rural None
123 Udayagiri None

The district has four revenue divisions namely Kandukuru, Kavali, Atmakur and Nellore. These revenue divisions are divided into 38 mandals, which consist of 1,177 villages and 12 towns (urban settlements). A total of 940 gram panchayats exist in the district. The statutory towns consist of one municipal corporation (Nellore) and Three municipalities (Atmakur ,Kavali and Kandukur). [30] [31]

Cities and towns

The district has one municipal corporation at Nellore and three municipalities at Kavali, Kandukur and Atmakur. [32]

List of Cities/towns in Nellore District
City/TownCivic statusRevenue divisionPopulation
Nellore Municipal corporationNellore558,548
Kavali Municipality Grade - 1Kavali90,099
Kandukur Municipality Grade - 2Kandukur57,246
Atmakur Municipality Grade - 3Atmakur30,556

Transport

Road

NH 16, NH 67, NH 565 are the national highways that pass through the district.

Rail

Gudur - Vijayawada railway line passes through the district.

Nellore Airport

Nellore Airport

నెల్లూరు విమానాశ్రయం

Nellūru Vimānāśrayaṃ
Summary
Airport typePublic
Serves Nellore
Location Dagadarthi
Time zone IST (+5:30)
Elevation  AMSL 78.7 ft / 24 m
Coordinates 14°41′38″N079°56′34″E / 14.69389°N 79.94278°E / 14.69389; 79.94278
Website apadcl.com
Map
India Andhra Pradesh location map (current).svg
Airplane silhouette.svg
Nellore Airport
India location map.svg
Airplane silhouette.svg
Nellore Airport
Nellore district

Nellore Airport is a proposed greenfield airport project near Dagadarthi, India, intended to serve the Nellore district. The airport is to be developed on 1,352 acres (5.47 km2) of land with an estimated cost of 368 crore (equivalent to 457 croreorUS$55 million in 2023).

Planning

In 2008, the government of Andhra Pradesh invited for expressions of interest to develop eight minor airports in the state, including an airport at Nellore. Each airport was expected to cost 50 crore (equivalent to 139 croreorUS$17 million in 2023). The airports were to be built in 500–600 acres (2.0–2.4 km2) with a runway length of 6,000 feet (1,800 m). The construction of this airport was chosen because Nellore is strategically situated between Vijayawada and Chennai, and Krishnapatnam Port is situated about 25 km (16 mi) from the city. [33] However, AAI has rejected this proposal citing insufficient land available for the construction of the airport. [34]

In 2013, Ministry of Civil Aviation had identified Nellore airport as one of the 50 locations across the country for low-cost airports to be built by the AAI. These airports would be built with bare minimum facilities for aircraft to operate, without compromising on safety and security. [35]

In September 2017, the government of Andhra Pradesh solicited proposals for development of a no-frills greenfield airport at Dagadarthi under a public-private partnership. The development proposal by SCL-Turbo Consortium Pvt. Ltd. was accepted, along with the associated draft concession agreement and financial stipulations. [36] The Arafath Group and ADP Ingénierie was to construct and operate the airport. [37] [38] [ non-primary source needed ] SCL Turbo has formed a special purpose vehicle (SPV) Nellore International Airport Private Limited for the construction. [39]

Construction

The airport was to be developed on 1,352 acres (5.47 km2) of land with an estimated cost of 368 crore (equivalent to 457 croreorUS$55 million in 2023). [40] The project had received all clearances and approvals from various agencies. As per the agreement, the financial closure for the project was to be achieved by December 2018. [39] On January 26, 2018, during his Republic Day speech, the District Collector R. Mutyala Raju announced that the acquisition of land for the airport was nearly completed. [41]

The foundation stone was laid by then Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu on January 10, 2019. [42] However, the YSR Congress Party led government, which was elected in May that year, moved to review all the major decisions taken by the previous government. [43] In August 2019, the new government terminated its contract with Nellore International Airport Private Limited to develop the airport. The government said it would complete the project by handing the airport over to the AAI. [40] In July 2020, the government formally scrapped the concession agreement signed with the SCL Turbo consortium. [39] Later in November same year, the government has invited fresh bids from national and international companies for the construction of the airport. [44]

After the government approved the report on Dec 21st 2021, It's expected that the first phase work could start as soon as April 2022.

Tourism

Talpagiri Ranganathaswamy temple in Nellore is situated on the banks of the river Pennar. It is more than 600 years old. Translation of Maha Bharatam was said to be done by the poet Tikkana based at this place. Lord Narasimha appears as a huge of rock in ‘Yoga mudra' in Penchalakona. The deity is known as Somasila Narasimhaswamy. It is one of the Nava Narasimhas (nine manifestations). Chengalamma Parameswari temple lies in the village of Sullurpeta. It was built on the banks of the Kanlangi river. Chengalamma Jatara is celebrated here. Somasila dam on Pennar river, Kandaleru dam on Kandaleru river are popular with tourists. Udayagiri Fort at a height of 3079 feet is in ruins. Ranganatha temple, Balakrishna mandiram, Paruveta Mandapam, Chinna Masjid and pedda Masjid reflect the various culture of the rulers. [45] Mypadu Beach, Koduru Beach ( 14°24′48″N80°10′23″E / 14.413236°N 80.172975°E / 14.413236; 80.172975 ) are popular beaches in the district. [46]

Notable people

Among the politicians, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan rose to position of President of India and Vice President of India and Venkaiah Naidu rose to the position of Vice President of India. Bezawada Gopala Reddy and N. Janardhana Reddy worked as chief ministers of unified Andhra Pradesh. Puchalapalli Sundarayya was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, M. S. Reddy Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, A. Kodandarami Reddy and Vanisri are some of the famous people of film industry. Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, T. Subbarami Reddy, Malli Mastan Babu, Ashwin Hebbar are also some of the popular personalities from other domains.

Related Research Articles

Nellore is a city located on the banks of Penna River, in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore mandal and Nellore revenue division. It is the fourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of 279 kilometres (173 mi) from Vijayawada, 660 kilometres (410 mi) from Visakhapatnam, 455 kilometres (283 mi) from Hyderabad and about 170 km (110 mi) north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and also about 380 km (240 mi) east-northeast of Bangalore, Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of Nellore District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chittoor</span> City in Andhra Pradesh, India

Chittoor is a city and district headquarters in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters of Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division respectively. The city has a population of 189,332.

Sullurupeta is a town in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Sullurpeta mandal and Sullurupeta revenue division. It serves as a gateway to Satish Dhawan Space Centre(SDSC) at Sriharikota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prakasam district</span> District of Andhra Pradesh in India

Prakasamdistrict is one of the twelve districts in the coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was formed in 1970 and reorganised on 4 April 2022. The headquarters of the district is Ongole. It is located on the western shore of Bay of Bengal and is bounded by Bapatla district and Palnadu districts in the north, Nandyal district in the west, Kadapa and Nellore districts in the south. A part of north west region also borders with Nagarkurnool district of Telangana. It is the largest district in the state with an area of 14,322 km2 (5,530 sq mi) and had a population of 22,88,026 as per 2011 Census of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allur, Nellore district</span> Town in Andhra Pradesh, India

Allur is a Town in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Allur Mandal of Kavali revenue division.

Atmakur is a town in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It functions as a municipality within the Atmakur mandal and serves as the administrative headquarters for both the mandal and the Atmakur Assembly Constituency. The town plays a key role in local governance and administration, acting as a central hub for surrounding villages and regions within the Nellore district.

{{Infobox settlement | name = Kandukur | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | nickname = | pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = 15.2166650°N 79.9042°E | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name1 = Andhra Pradesh | subdivision_name2 = SPSR Nellore | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Municipal Council | governing_body = Kandukuru Municipal Council | leader_title1 = Chairman | leader_name1 = Vacant | leader_title2 = Deputy Chairman | leader_name2 = Vacant | leader_title3 = MLA | leader_name3 = Inturi Nageswar Rao (TDP) | leader_title4 = MP | leader_name4 = [[Vemireddy Prabakar reddy]{TDP}]] | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 33.06 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 57,246 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = 26th (Towns in AP) | population_demonym = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 523 105 | registration_plate = | website = | footnotes = | image_map = | map_alt = Dynamic map of village | map_caption = Dynamic map }} Kandukur or Kandukuru is a town in SPSR Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Kandukur mandal as well as Kandukur revenue division. Kandukur Mandal is located at the south-east side of the Prakasam District having geographical area around 225 km2.There is only 1 city in the Kandukur Mandal, which is Kandukur Municipality having an area of 37.63 km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pamur</span> Town in Andhra Pradesh, India

Pamuru is a town in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Pamuru mandal in Kanigiri revenue division. This is the border town of Prakasam district. This is near from Nellore than Ongole around 100 km and also near by Kadapa. It is 66 km away from Podili, 38 km away from Kanigiri, 60 km away from Kandukur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation</span> Indian state bus operator

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, officially Andhra Pradesh Raastra Roadu Ravaana Samstha, is the state-owned road transport corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its headquarters is located at NTR Administrative Block of RTC House in Pandit Nehru bus station of Vijayawada. Many other Indian metros & towns in Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are also linked with the APSRTC services.

Kanigiri is a town in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Kanigiri mandal in Kanigiri revenue division.

Kota mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Its headquarters are located at Kota. The mandal is bounded by Muthukur mandal, Chillakur, Ojili, Chittamur, Vakadu mandals and it also borders Nellore district.

Kandukur Revenue Division is an administrative division in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 4 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 7 mandals under its administration. Kandukur is the administrative headquarters of the division.

Kavali revenue division is an administrative division in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 4 revenue divisions in the district with 10 mandals under its administration. The divisional headquarters are located at Nellore city.

Atmakur revenue division is an administrative division in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the four revenue divisions in the district with nine mandals under its administration. The divisional headquarters are located at Atmakur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allur mandal, Nellore district</span> Mandal in Andhra Pradesh, India


Allur is a mandal in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Kavali revenue division and the mandal headquarters are located in the town of Allur.

Allur was a constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India until 2008.

Kavali mandal is one of the 38 mandals in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its headquarters are located at Kavali. The mandal is bounded by .This mandal is located at Kavali revenue division.

Chillakur mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Gudur revenue division and is headquartered at Chillakur.

Atmakur mandal is one of the 38 mandals in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its headquarters are located at Atmakur. The mandal is located at Atmakur revenue division.

References

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Books

CPO (2022). Handbook of statistics - 2020 SPS Nellore District (PDF). Retrieved 6 March 2023.

Further reading