Nellore district

Nellore district
District of Andhra Pradesh
Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district
Clockwise from top-left: Ranganathaswamy Temple at Nellore, Bara Shaheed Dargah, Pinakini Satygraha Ashramam, Mypadu Beach, Udayagiri Fort
Location of Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh
Coordinates(Nellore): 14°26′N80°0′E / 14.433°N 80.000°E / 14.433; 80.000
Country	India
State	Andhra Pradesh
Region	Coastal Andhra
Established	1792
1st Reorganized	1970 (Prakasam district)
2nd Reorganized	2022 (Tirupati district)
Named for	Potti Sreeramulu
Headquarters	Nellore
Mandals	38 [1]
Government
•  District collector	O. Anand IAS Collector & District Magistrate
•  Lok Sabha constituencies	Nellore
•  MP	Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy
•  Assembly constituencies	08
Area [2]
• Total	10,447 km2 (4,034 sq mi)
Population  (2011) [2]
• Total	2,469,712
• Density	240/km2 (610/sq mi)
•  Urban	29.07%
Demographics
•  Literacy	69.15%
• Sex ratio	986
Vehicle registration	AP-26 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019) [3]
Major highways	NH 16, NH 67, NH 565
Coastline	167 kilometres (104 mi)
Website	spsnellore.ap.gov.in

Nellore district, officially known as Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in Coastal Andhra Region, ^[4] is one of the 26 districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. According to the 2011 Census, the district's population was 2,963,557 ^[5] of which 29.07% was urban. Its administrative headquarters are located in Nellore city. Located in the Coastal Andhra region, the district is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, Kadapa district and Annamayya district to the west, Prakasam district to the north, and Tirupati district to the south. ^[6]

Etymology

The name of the district is derived from the name of the district headquarters, Nellore. The city was historically known as Vikrama Simhapuri until the 13th century, when it became known as Nellore. The name "Nellore" originates from a mythological story in the Sthala Purana, which depicts a lingam in the form of a stone under a Phyllanthus emblica (amla), or nelli tree. According to this myth, the place gradually became known as "Nelli-ooru" (nelli referring to the amla tree and ooru meaning "place" in both Tamil and Telugu). Over time, the name evolved to the present-day "Nellore," reflecting the area's historical and cultural significance. ^[7] The name is also linked to the Tamil word "நெல்லு" (nellu), meaning "paddy" or "rice," highlighting the region's long-standing association with rice cultivation. ^[8]

The official name of Nellore was changed to Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District (SPS Nellore) on 4 June 2008, ^[9] in honour of the Indian revolutionary Potti Sri Ramulu, who died fasting in an attempt to achieve the formation of a separate state for the Telugu people, which would later become Andhra Pradesh. ^[10]

History

The Nawabs and the British period

After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, the area was ruled by the Nawabs. During the eighteenth century, Nellore saw wars between Najeebullah, the ruler of the area, and his brother Arcot Nawab, who received support from the British and French. Nawab's army, under the command of colonel Caillaud, took over the Nellore fort in 1762. ^[11] For the purposes of revenue collection, the town of Nellore and the surrounding district were handed over to the British East India Company in 1781 and 1801, respectively. Nellore was named the revenue unit for the district. ^[12]

Post Indian Independence

In 1970, the northern parts of Nellore district were transferred to the newly created Prakasam district. ^[13]

Damaramadugu rice fields in Nellore district

On 4 April 2022 Some areas from Southern parts of Nellore district were transferred to newly created Tirupati district.

Education

In the undivided Nellore district, as per the school information report for the academic year 2017–18, there are a total of 4,489 schools. These include: 21 government, 3,140 mandal and zilla parishads, 2 residential, 1,077 private, 10 model, 10 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 106 municipal and 123 other types of schools. ^{[14] [15] [16]} The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 3,95,092. ^[17]

Economy

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of Nellore district is ₹ 30,482 crore (304.82 billion rupees) and makes up 5.8% of Andhra Pradesh's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the fiscal year 2013–14, Nellore's per capita income at current prices was ₹80,782 (US$970). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹9,729 crore, ₹6,320 crore and ₹14,433 crore (97.29 billion, 63.2 billion and 144.33 billion rupees), respectively. ^[18] The major agricultural contributors to the district's gross value added (GVA) include: paddy, sugarcane, lemon, tomato, milk, meat and fisheries. The major industrial and service contributors to the district's GVA include: construction, electricity, manufacturing, transport and education. ^[18]

Mining

Nellore district produces most of the crude mica in India. ^[19] Between 2011 and 2012, Nellore produced 1,784 tonnes of crude mica, the majority of India's total production of 1,899 tonnes. ^[20]

Epigraphical records

In Nellore district, there exist a variety of Telugu inscriptions originating from several different kingdoms. Tamil inscriptions also exist near the Mallam Subramanyeshwara Swamy temple, which was constructed by Rajendhra Chola during the fourteenth century. ^{[21] [22] [23]}

Geography

Located in the Coastal Andhra region in Andhra Pradesh and also a Tondai Nadu region, the district is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, Kadapa district and Annamayya district to the west, Prakasam district to the north, and Tirupati district to the south. ^[6]

Climate

Maximum temperature occur during the summer at 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F), while the minimum temperature occurs during the winter at 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F). The average annual rainfall of the district is 1,080 mm (43 in), and reaches its peak during the southwest and northeast monsoons.

Demographics

Nellore district has a population of 24,69,712, of which 705,893 (28.58%) lived in urban areas based on the 2011 Census. It has a sex ratio of 983 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5,04,941 (20.45%) and 2,15,452 (8.72%) of the population respectively. ^{[24] [25]}

Languages of Nellore district (2011) ^[26]

   Telugu (88.34%)

   Urdu (9.56%)

  Others (2.10%)

Based on the 2011 census, 88.34% of the population spoke Telugu and 9.56% Urdu as their first language. ^[26]

88.71% of people follow Hinduism while 10.73% of people follow Islam. ^[27]

Religions in Nellore district (2011)
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			88.11%
Islam			10.73%
Christianity			0.87%
Other or not stated			0.49%
Distribution of religions

Administrative divisions

Mandals

The following lists the 38 mandals in Nellore district by their revenue division. ^[28]

1. Atmakur revenue division
   1. Ananthasagaram
   2. Anumasamudrampeta
   3. Atmakur
   4. Chejerla
   5. Kaluvoya
   6. Marripadu
   7. Sangam
   8. Seetharamapuram
   9. Udayagiri
2. Kandukur revenue division
   1. Gudluru
   2. Kandukur
   3. Kondapuram
   4. Lingasamudram
   5. Ulavapadu
   6. Varikuntapadu
   7. Voletivaripalem
3. Kavali revenue division
   1. Allur
   2. Bogole
   3. Dagadarthi
   4. Duttalur
   5. Jaladanki
   6. Kaligiri
   7. Kavali
   8. Kodavalur
   9. Vidavalur
   10. Vinjamur
4. Nellore revenue division
   1. Buchireddipalem
   2. Indukurpet
   3. Kovur
   4. Manubolu
   5. Muthukur
   6. Nellore Rural
   7. Nellore Urban
   8. Podalakur
   9. Rapur
   10. Sydapuram
   11. Thotapalli Gudur
   12. Venkatachalam

Politics

Parliament segments

• Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)
• Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)(partial).

Assembly constituency

The district has the following Legislative Assembly segments: ^[29]

Constituency number	Name	Reserved for (SC/ST/None)	Parliament
119	Sarvepalli	None	Tirupati
109	Kandukur	None	Nellore
114	Kavali	None
115	Atmakur	None
116	Kovuru	None
117	Nellore City	None
118	Nellore Rural	None
123	Udayagiri	None

The district has four revenue divisions namely Kandukuru, Kavali, Atmakur and Nellore. These revenue divisions are divided into 38 mandals, which consist of 1,177 villages and 12 towns (urban settlements). A total of 940 gram panchayats exist in the district. The statutory towns consist of one municipal corporation (Nellore) and Three municipalities (Atmakur ,Kavali and Kandukur). ^{[30] [31]}

Cities and towns

The district has one municipal corporation at Nellore and three municipalities at Kavali, Kandukur and Atmakur. ^[32]

List of Cities/towns in Nellore District

City/Town	Civic status	Revenue division	Population
Nellore	Municipal corporation	Nellore	558,548
Kavali	Municipality Grade - 1	Kavali	90,099
Kandukur	Municipality Grade - 2	Kandukur	57,246
Atmakur	Municipality Grade - 3	Atmakur	30,556

Transport

Road

NH 16, NH 67, NH 565 are the national highways that pass through the district.

Rail

Gudur - Vijayawada railway line passes through the district.

Tourism

Talpagiri Ranganathaswamy temple in Nellore is situated on the banks of the river Pennar. It is more than 600 years old. Translation of Maha Bharatam was said to be done by the poet Tikkana based at this place. Lord Narasimha appears as a huge of rock in ‘Yoga mudra' in Penchalakona. The deity is known as Somasila Narasimhaswamy. It is one of the Nava Narasimhas (nine manifestations). Chengalamma Parameswari temple lies in the village of Sullurpeta. It was built on the banks of the Kanlangi river. Chengalamma Jatara is celebrated here. Somasila dam on Pennar river, Kandaleru dam on Kandaleru river are popular with tourists. Udayagiri Fort at a height of 3079 feet is in ruins. Ranganatha temple, Balakrishna mandiram, Paruveta Mandapam, Chinna Masjid and pedda Masjid reflect the various culture of the rulers. ^[33] Mypadu Beach, Koduru Beach ( 14°24′48″N80°10′23″E / 14.413236°N 80.172975°E / 14.413236; 80.172975 ) are popular beaches in the district. ^[34]

Notable people

Among the politicians, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan rose to position of President of India and Vice President of India and Venkaiah Naidu rose to the position of Vice President of India. Bezawada Gopala Reddy and N. Janardhana Reddy worked as chief ministers of unified Andhra Pradesh. Puchalapalli Sundarayya was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, M. S. Reddy Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, A. Kodandarami Reddy and Vanisri are some of the famous people of film industry. Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, T. Subbarami Reddy, Malli Mastan Babu, Ashwin Hebbar are also some of the popular personalities from other domains.

References

1. "District – Guntur". Andhra Pradesh Online Portal. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
2. CPO 2022, p. 9.
3. "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
4. "14 persons die of COVID in Nellore, Prakasam". The Hindu . 31 May 2021. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 10 June 2022.
5. www.census2011.co.in https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/136-sri-potti-sriramulu-nellore.html . Retrieved 15 July 2024.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
6. CPO 2022, p. 1.
7. Staff, Government Of Madras; Madras, Government of (1 January 1942). Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Up to 1938. Asian Educational Services. ISBN   9788120618510.
8. Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984). A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Clarendon Press.
9. "District Profile | Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District, Government of Andhra Pradesh | India".
10. "The martyr of Telugu statehood". The Hindu . Chennai, India. 11 November 2002. Archived from the original on 1 July 2003.
11. "Mughal Empire 1526-1707 by Sanderson Beck". San.beck.org. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
12. Nellore became revenue unit Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine . Telugupeople.com. Retrieved on 13 June 2012.
13. Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
14. "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
15. "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
16. "School Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
17. "Student Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
18. "Economy of Nellore District". Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
19. "Top 10 Largest Mica Producing States in India". The Daily Records. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
20. "Indian Minerals Yearbook 2013 (Part- III : Mineral Reviews)" (PDF). ibm.gov.in. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
21. Sewell, Robert (17 May 1882). Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Presidency of Madras. E. Keys, at the Government Press. p.  324 – via Internet Archive. telugu inscriptions in nellore.
22. "Copper Plate and Stone Inscriptions of South India 3 Vols. 1st Edition : Printsasia.in". www.printsasia.in.
23. "Social Scientist, issues 269-71, Oct-Dec 1995, page 10. -- The Social Scientist -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
24. "District Census Hand Book – Prakasam" (PDF). Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
25. CPO 2022, p. 9-10.
26. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
27. "Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
28. "New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh". Sakshi Post. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
29. "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India. p. 31.
30. "Geographic Information". Nellore District Official Website. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
31. "District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore" (PDF). Census of India. p. 26,56. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
32. CPO 2022, p. 2.
33. AP Tourism E-Brochure Nandyal district (PDF). 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
34. "Eco-tourism". SPS Nellore district, Government of AP. Retrieved 30 June 2023.

Books

CPO (2022). Handbook of statistics - 2020 SPS Nellore District (PDF). Retrieved 6 March 2023.

Further reading

• Prasad, Durga (1946). History of the Andhras Up to 1565 A D. Guntur: P G Publishers. OCLC   896641610.

External links

• Official website
• Mandals of Nellore district - Interactive Overpass-turbo OSM map