The history of conflicts involving the Texas Military spans over two centuries, from 1823 to present, under the command authority (the ultimate source of lawful military orders) of four governments including the Texas governments (3), American government, Mexican government, and Confederate government.
Since 1823, Texas forces have undergone many re-designations and reorganizations. For example, the Texas Rangers were a branch of the Texas Military Forces from 1823 to 1935 providing cavalry, special operations, and military police capabilities. Administrative control (ADCON) of the Texas Rangers was transferred from the Texas Military Department to the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) in 1935 where they now perform duties similar to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for Texas as a State Bureau of Investigation (SBI). [1] The following list of conflicts reflects duty at the time as a military unit.
Conflicts in this list may apply to several categories, but they've been generally organized by the preponderance of the mission. For example, the Laredo Smallpox Riot was a civil disorder and emergency management conflict, and Operation Border Star is both a border control and counter-drug conflict.
Casualty key: KIA (killed in action), WIA (wounded in action), MIA (missing in action), DIA (deserted in action), POW (prisoner of war)
Outcome key:
This list includes conflicts under the command authority of the Colony of Texas, Republic of Texas, and State of Texas.
As a colony in Mexico from 1823 to 1835, the Texas Military was legally empowered by Agustín de Iturbide and the Coahuila y Tejas legislature to "organize the colonists into a body of militia to preserve tranquility." [2] Operations were conducted under command of Stephen F. Austin. [2]
As a sovereign republic from 1835 to 1845, the Texas Military was legally empowered by Article 1 of the Consultation and Article 2, Section 6 of Constitution of the Republic of Texas "to execute the law, to suppress insurrections, and repel invasion." [3] [4] Operations were conducted under command of the War Department and Adjutant General Department.
As a state of America from 1845–present, the Texas Military is legally empowered by Title 32 of the United States Code and Article 4, Section 7 of the Constitution of the State of Texas to "execute the laws of the state, to suppress insurrections, and to repel invasions". [5] Operations are conducted under command of the Adjutant General Department and Texas Military Department.
Note: These conflicts are commanded by the Texas government. For related conflicts commanded by the American government, see Border control.
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005-2006 | Operation Linebacker | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Accomplished | [6] [7] |
October 2006 | Operation Rio Grande | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Accomplished | [6] [7] |
January–July 2007 | Operation Wrangler | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Accomplished | [6] [7] |
2007–Present | Operation Border Star | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [6] [7] |
2010-2012 | Operation River Watch | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Accomplished | [8] |
2011–Present | Operation Drawbridge | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [6] |
2012–Present | Operation River Watch II | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [8] |
October 2014 | Operation Strong Safety | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Accomplished | [8] [7] |
November 2014- September 2016 | Operation Strong Safety II | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | Accomplished | [7] | |
2021—Present | Operation Lone Star | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 4 Suicide [9] 1 KIA [10] | Ongoing |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1842 | Texas Archive War | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Thomas I. Smith / Eli Chandler | 0 | Failure | [11] |
1844 | Regulator–Moderator War | Texas Militia | Travis G. Broocks / Alexander Horton | Unknown | Accomplished | [12] |
1857 | Cart War | Texas Militia | Unknown | 0 | Accomplished | [13] |
1886 | Laredo Election Riot | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown Unknown | Unknown Unknown | Accomplished | [14] |
1873 | Coke-Davis Controversy | Travis Rifles, Texas Militia | Unknown | 0 | Accomplished | [15] |
1877-1878 | San Elizario Salt War | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | John B. Tays | 0 | Accomplished | [16] |
1883-1888 | Fence Cutting War | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | 0 | Accomplished | [17] |
1888 | Rio Grande City Riot | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers San Antonio Rifles, Texas Militia Belknap Rifles, Texas Militia Houston Light Guards, Texas Militia | Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 0 | Accomplished | [18] |
1891-1893 | Garza Revolution | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Accomplished | [19] |
1893 | Battle of Tres Jacales | Company D, Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Frank Jones | 1 KIA | Failure | |
1899 | Laredo Smallpox Riot | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | John H. Rogers | 1 WIA | Accomplished | [20] |
1919 | Longview Race Riot | Texas Rangers | Robert H. McDill / T.E. Barton / H.W. Peck | 0 0 | Accomplished | [21] |
1930 | Sherman Riot | Texas Rangers | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Accomplished | [22] |
1931 | Red River Bridge War | Texas Rangers | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Inconclusive | [23] |
1931 | East Texas Oilfield Riot | Texas Rangers | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Accomplished | [24] |
1943 | Beaumont Riot | Eighteenth Battalion, Texas State Guard | Fred C. Stone | 0 | Accomplished | [25] |
2020 | George Floyd protests | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 | Accomplished | [26] |
Note: These conflicts are commanded by the Texas government. For related conflicts commanded by the American government, see War on Drugs.
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1920-1933 | Los Tequileros | Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | [27] |
1978–Present | DSCA air interdiction | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [28] |
1989–Present | Joint Counterdrug Task Force | Domestic Operations Command | Miguel Torres | Ongoing | Ongoing | [29] |
Operation Linebacker | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Victory | [6] | |
Operation Rio Grande | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Victory | [6] | |
2006–Present | Mexican Drug War | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [6] |
2007 | Operation Wrangler | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | 0 0 0 | Victory | [6] |
2008–Present | Operation Border Star | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [6] |
2010-2012 | Operation River Watch | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Victory | [8] |
2011–Present | Operation Drawbridge | Texas State Guard | Unknown Unknown Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [6] |
2011–Present | Operation Crackdown | Domestic Operations Command | Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [30] [31] [32] [33] |
2012–Present | Operation River Watch II | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [8] |
2014 | Operation Strong Safety | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Victory | [8] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1839 | Battle of Alcantra | Texas Militia | Samuel W. Jordan | 7 KIA | Victory | [34] [35] |
1840 | Battle of Saltillo | Texas Militia | Samuel W. Jordan | Unknown | Loss | [36] |
1843 | Snively Expedition | Battalion of Invincibles, Texas Militia | Jacob Snively | Unknown | Inconclusive | [37] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1837 | Yucatan Campaign | Brutus, Texian Navy | James D. Boylan | Unknown | Failure | [47] |
1841-1842 | Texan Santa Fe Expedition | Texas Militia | Hugh McCleod / George T. Howard | 320 POW | Failure | [48] |
1842 | Somervell Expedition | Texas Militia | Alexander Somervell | Unknown | Inconclusive | [49] |
1842 | Mier Expedition / Battle of Mier | Texas Militia | William S. Fisher | 30 KIA, 280 POW | Loss | [50] |
1843 | Naval Battle of Campeche | Texas Navy | Edwin Ward Moore | 7 KIA, 24 WIA | Inconclusive |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 1823 | Skull Creek Massacre | Texian Militia | Robert Kuykendall | 0 | Victory | |
1824 | Battle of Jones Creek | Texian Militia | Randal Jones | Unknown | Inconclusive | |
1826 | Dressing Point Massacre | Texian Militia | Aylett C. Buckner | 0 | Victory | |
March 1838 | Córdova Rebellion | Texas Militia | Edward Burleson | Unknown | Victory | |
August 1838 | Battle of Arroyo Seco | Texas Militia Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | 5 KIA, 4 WIA Unknown | Victory | |
May 1839 | Battle of the San Gabriels | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | James Rice | Unknown | Victory | |
July 1839 | Battle of the Neches | Texas Army | Thomas J. Rusk | 8 KIA | Victory | |
March 1840 | Council House Massacre | Texas Militia | Mathew Caldwell | 7 KIA | Atrocity | |
August 1840 | Great Raid of 1840 | Texas Militia | Mathew Caldwell | 30 KIA | Loss | |
August 1840 | Battle of Plum Creek | Texas Militia | Mathew Caldwell | 11 KIA | Victory | |
October 1840 | Battle of Red Fork | Texas Militia | John H. Moore | Unknown | Victory | |
1841 | Battle of Bandera Pass | Texas Militia | John C. Hays | 5 WIA | Victory | |
1852 | Battle of Hynes Bay | Texas Militia | John Hynes | Unknown | Victory | [51] |
Jan-May 1858 | Antelope Hills expedition | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | John Salmon Ford Unknown | Unknown 50 KIA / WIA | Victory | |
May 1858 | Battle of Little Robe Creek | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | John Salmon Ford Unknown | Unknown 2 KIA, 5 WIA | Victory | |
December 1860 | Battle of Pease River | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Lawrence Sullivan Ross Unknown | Unknown 3 KIA | Victory | |
September 1872 | Battle of the North Fork | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1899 | Laredo Smallpox Riot | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | J. H. Rogers | 1 WIA | Accomplished | |
1998–Present | Operation Lone Star (medical operation unique from 2021 border op) | Texas State Guard | Ongoing | Ongoing | ||
2011–Present | Operation Final Rest | Texas State Guard | Ongoing | Ongoing |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1842 | Rosillo Expedition | Texas Militia | Unknown | Unknown | Loss | [52] |
1842 | Vásquez Expedition | Texas Militia | Unknown | Unknown | Inconclusive | [53] |
1842 | Battle of Salado Creek | Texas Militia | Mathew Caldwell | 1 KIA, 12 WIA | Victory | [54] |
1842 | Dawson Expedition (massacre) | Texas Militia | Nicholas Dawson | 36 KIA, 15 POW | Loss | [55] |
1842 | Battle of the Arroyo Hondo | Texas Militia Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Mathew Caldwell | Unknown Unknown | Victory | |
1859-1861 | Cortina War | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers Brownsville Tigers, Texas Militia | John Salmon Ford | Unknown 31 KIA, WIA | Victory | [56] |
1859 | Battle of La Ebonal | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers Brownsville Tigers, Texas Militia | William G. Tobin | Unknown 2 KIA, 5 WIA | Victory | |
1859 | Battle of Rio Grande City | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers Brownsville Tigers, Texas Militia | John Salmon Ford | Unknown Unknown | Victory | |
1862 | First Battle of Sabine Pass | Texas Army | Josephus S. Irvine | 0 | Loss | [57] [58] |
1862 | Battle of Nueces (massacre) | 33rd Texas Cavalry, Texas Army | Colin D. McRae | 2 KIA, 18 WIA | Victory/atrocity | [59] [60] |
1862 | Battle of Corpus Christi | Texas Militia | Alfred M. Hobby / Charles G. Lovenskiold | 1 KIA, 1 WIA | Victory | [61] |
1862 | First Battle of Galveston | 26th Texas Cavalry, Texas Army | Xavier Debray | 0 | Loss | [62] [63] [64] |
1863 | Second Battle of Galveston | Texas Army | John B. Magruder | 26 KIA, 117 WIA | Victory | [63] |
1863 | Second Battle of Sabine Pass | Davis Guards, 1st Artillery Regiment, Texas Army | Richard W. Dowling | 0 | Victory | [65] [66] |
1863 | Battle of Brownsville | 33rd Texas Cavalry, Texas Army | Hamilton P. Bee | 1 KIA, 1 WIA, 1 DIA | Loss | [67] |
1863 | Skirmish at La Sal Vieja | 2nd Texas Cavalry, Texas Army | 0 | Loss | [68] | |
1864 | Battle of Laredo | 33rd Texas Cavalry, Texas Army | Santos Benavides | 0 | Victory | [69] |
1865 | Battle of Palmito Ranch | 2nd Texas Cavalry Regiment, Texas Army | John Salmon Ford | 6 WIA, 3 POW | Victory | [70] |
1874 | Penascal Raid | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | John “Red” Dunn | 0 | Victory | [71] |
1875 | Nuecestown Raid | Texas Militia | John McClane / Pat Whelen | 1 KIA | Loss | [72] |
1878 | Raid of 1878 | Texas Army | Unknown | 0 | Loss | [73] |
1915 | Norias Ranch Raid | Company B, Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Monroe Fox | 0 | Inconclusive | [74] |
January 1918 | Brite Ranch Raid / Porvenir Massacre | Company B, Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Monroe Fox | 0 | Inconclusive | [75] [76] |
This list includes conflicts under the command authority of the United States of America.
Title 10 of the United States Code legally empowers the United States government to mobilize Texas Military Forces when more resources are needed than available in the United States Armed Forces for war, national emergency, or national security. Operations are conducted under command of the United States Department of Defense.
Note: These conflicts are commanded by the American government. For related conflicts commanded by the Texas government, see Border control.
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1954 | Operation Wetback | Texas Army National Guard | Unknown | 0 | Accomplished | [99] |
2006-2008 | Operation Jump Start | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Accomplished | [8] |
2007 | Operation Stonegarden | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Accomplished | |
2010-2016 | Operation Phalanx | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Accomplished | [8] |
2018–Present | Operation Faithful Patriot | 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team 536th Brigade Support Battalion | Unknown Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [100] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979-1989 | Air Forces Panama airlift ops(Operation Volant/Coronet Oak) | 136th Airlift Wing | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | |
1992-1993 | Operation Southern Watch | 111th Fighter-Bomber Squadron | ||||
2005 | Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (SFOR) | 36th Infantry Division | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | |
2005-2006 | Kosovo Force (KFOR) | 36th Infantry Division | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | |
2006–Present | Multinational Force and Observers / Sinai insurgency | 36th Infantry Division | Unknown | Unknown | Ongoing | [101] |
2014–Present | European Deterrence Initiative | 254th Combat Communications Group | Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing |
Note: These conflicts are commanded by the American government. For related conflicts commanded by the Texas government, see Invasions / Incursions.
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 1846 | Siege of Fort Texas | 1st Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles | John C. Hays | Unknown | Victory | [102] |
May 1846 | Battle of Palo Alto | 1st Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles | John C. Hays | Unknown | Victory | [103] |
May 1846 | Battle of Resaca de la Palma | 7th Rifle Company | William R. Shivor | Unknown Unknown | Victory | [104] |
September 1846 | Battle of Monterrey | 1st Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles 2nd Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles 1st Regiment Texas Rifles 11th Mounted Company of Spies | John C. Hays | Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown | Victory | [105] |
January–July 1847 | Taos Revolt | Texas Militia | Unknown | Victory | [105] | |
February 1847 | Battle of Buena Vista | 1st Regiment Texas Rifles 2nd Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles 2nd Rifle Company | Albert Sidney Johnston | Unknown Unknown 15 KIA, 2 WIA | Inconclusive | [106] |
March 1847 | Battle of Veracruz | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | [105] |
April 1847 | Battle of Cerro Gordo | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | [105] |
September 1847 | Battle of Chapultepec | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | [105] |
October 1847 | Battle of Huamantla | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Samuel Hamilton Walker | Unknown | Victory | [105] |
November 1847 | Battle of Galaxara Pass | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | [105] |
February 1848 | Battle of Sequalteplan | Frontier Battalion, Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | [105] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1863 | Second Bayou Teche Campaign | 1st Texas Cavalry Regiment (Union) | Edmund J. Davis | Loss | [107] | |
1863 | Battle of Brownsville | 1st Texas Cavalry Regiment (Union) | Edmund J. Davis | Victory | [107] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 1898 | Battle of Las Guasimas | Troop M, Texas Rangers | Robert H. Bruce | Unknown | Victory | [108] [109] |
July 1898 | Battle of San Juan Hill | Troop M, Texas Rangers | Robert H. Bruce | Unknown | Victory | [108] [109] |
July 1898 | Siege of Santiago | Troop M, Texas Rangers | Robert H. Bruce | Unknown | Victory | [108] [109] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1899 | Battle of Magnatarem | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | Unknown | Victory | [110] [111] |
November 1899 | Battle of San Jacinto | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | 8 KIA, 13 WIA | Victory | [110] [111] |
November 1899 | Battle of Vigan | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | Unknown | Victory | [110] [111] |
December 1899 | Battle of Tirad Pass | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | Unknown | Victory | [110] [111] |
December 1899 | Battle of Tangadan (Tagudin) Pass | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | Unknown | Victory | [110] [111] |
1900 | Abra Occupation | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | Unknown | Victory | [110] [111] |
1900 | Ilocos Sur Occupation | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | Unknown | Victory | [110] [111] |
September 1900 | Battle of Pulang Lupa rescue operation | 33rd "Texas" Infantry Regiment | Luther Rector Hare | 0 | Victory | [110] [111] |
Note: These conflicts are commanded by the American government. For related conflicts commanded by the Texas government, see Invasions / Incursions.
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1916-1917 | Pancho Villa / Punitive Mexican Expedition | Texas Army National Guard | Unknown | Unknown | Loss | [112] [8] |
1918 | Battle of Ambos Nogales | Texas Rangers | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | [112] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 1918 | Battle of Saint-Mihiel | 90th Infantry Division | Henry Tureman Allen | Unknown | Victory | [113] [114] |
Sept-Nov 1918 | Battles of the Meuse–Argonne | 36th Infantry Division | William Ruthven Smith | 2,601 KIA / WIA Unknown | Victory | [113] [114] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950-1952 | Korea air campaign | 1808 Engineer Aviation Company 108th Radar Calibration Detachment 136th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron 134th Aircraft Control Squadron 158th Aircraft Control and Warning Group | Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown | Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 2 KIA | Victory | [39] |
1961-1962 | Cuban Missile Crisis | 36th Infantry Division | Unknown | 0 | Victory | [115] |
1962 | Exercise Iron Dragoon | 49th Armored Division | Harley B. West | 0 | Victory | |
1976-1993 | Exercise Team Spirit | 136th Airlift Wing | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | |
1983 | Operation Urgent Fury | 136th Airlift Wing | Unknown | Unknown | Victory | |
1988 | Exercise Reforger | 136th Airlift Wing | Unknown | Unknown | Victory |
Note: These conflicts are commanded by the American government. For related conflicts commanded by the Texas government, see Counterdrug.
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989 | Operation Just Cause | 181st Airlift Squadron | Unknown | 0 | Victory | [39] |
1992 | Operation Plus Up | 143rd Infantry Regiment | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [116] |
2002 | Operation Nighthawk | 143rd Infantry Regiment | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [117] |
2002 | Operation Tri-star | 143rd Infantry Regiment | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [117] |
2002 | Operation Unity | 143rd Infantry Regiment | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [117] |
2006-2008 | Operation Jump Start | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Victory | [8] |
2007 | Operation Stonegarden | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Victory | [8] |
2010-2016 | Operation Phalanx | Texas Air National Guard | Unknown Unknown | 0 0 | Victory | [8] |
2018–Present | Operation Faithful Patriot | 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team 536th Brigade Support Battalion | Unknown Unknown | Ongoing | Ongoing | [100] |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990-1991 | Operation Desert Shield | 36th Infantry Division | ||||
1991 | Operation Desert Storm | 36th Infantry Division | ||||
1991 | Gulf War air campaign | 181st Airlift Squadron | ||||
1991 | Operation Volant Pine | 181st Airlift Squadron |
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001–Present | Operation Noble Eagle | 181st Airlift Squadron | ||||
2004-2014 | Operation Enduring Freedom | 181st Airlift Squadron | ||||
2004-2011 | Operation Iraqi Freedom | 181st Airlift Squadron | ||||
2008 | Operation New Horizons | 181st Airlift Squadron | ||||
2010-2011 | Operation New Dawn | 36th Infantry Division | ||||
2014–Present | Operation Inherent Resolve | 36th Infantry Division | ||||
2015 | Operation Flintlock | 5th Battalion, 19th Special Forces Group | [118] | |||
2015–2021 | Operation Freedom's Sentinel | 36th Infantry Division |
This list includes conflicts under the command authority of the United Mexican States (First Mexican Republic) government.
Faculty 18 and 19, Section 5, Title 3 of the 1824 Constitution of Mexico legally empowered the First Mexican Republic government to mobilize Texas Military Forces. Operations were conducted under command of the Mexican Army. [119]
Year | Conflict | Texas Military Unit(s) | Commander | Casualties | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1827 | Fredonian Rebellion | Texian Militia | Stephen F. Austin | None | Victory | [120] [121] |
This list includes conflicts under the command authority of the Confederate States of America.
The First, Second, and Third Conscription Acts of the 1st Confederate States Congress legally empowered the Confederate States government to mobilize Texas Military Forces. Operations were conducted under command of the Confederate States War Department. [122]
Note: These conflicts are commanded by the Confederate government. For related conflicts commanded by the Texas government, see Invasions / Incursions.
The Republic of Texas, or simply Texas, was a breakaway state in North America. It existed for 10 years, from March 2, 1836 to February 19, 1846. It shared borders with Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande, and the United States of America.
The Battle of Gonzales was the first military engagement of the Texas Revolution. It was fought near Gonzales, Texas, on October 2, 1835, between rebellious Texian settlers and a detachment of Mexican army soldiers.
Santos Benavides was a Confederate colonel during the American Civil War. Benavides was the highest-ranking Tejano soldier in the Confederate military.
Erastus "Deaf" Smith, who earned his nickname due to hearing loss in childhood, was an American frontiersman noted for his part in the Texas Revolution and the Army of the Republic of Texas. He fought in the Grass Fight and the Battle of San Jacinto. After the war, Deaf Smith led a company of Texas Rangers.
The Pancho Villa Expedition—now known officially in the United States as the Mexican Expedition, but originally referred to as the "Punitive Expedition, U.S. Army"—was a military operation conducted by the United States Army against the paramilitary forces of Mexican revolutionary Francisco "Pancho" Villa from March 14, 1916, to February 7, 1917, during the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920.
David Emanuel Twiggs was an American career army officer, who served during the War of 1812, the Black Hawk War, and Mexican–American War.
José Cosme de Urrea y Elías González or simply José de Urrea was a Mexican general. He fought under General Antonio López de Santa Anna during the Texas Revolution. Urrea's forces were never defeated in battle during the Texas Revolution. His most notable success was that of the Goliad Campaign, in which James Fannin's 400 soldiers were surrounded and induced to capitulate under terms, but were massacred in Urrea's absence on the orders of Santa Anna. Urrea also fought in the Mexican–American War.
Texas declared its secession from the Union on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States on March 2, 1861, after it had replaced its governor, Sam Houston, who had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. As with those of other states, the Declaration of Secession was not recognized by the US government at Washington, DC. Some Texan military units fought in the Civil War east of the Mississippi River, but Texas was more useful for supplying soldiers and horses for the Confederate Army. Texas' supply role lasted until mid-1863, when Union gunboats started to control the Mississippi River, which prevented large transfers of men, horses, or cattle. Some cotton was sold in Mexico, but most of the crop became useless because of the Union's naval blockade of Galveston, Houston, and other ports.
The Dawson massacre, also called the Dawson expedition, was an incident in which 36 Texian militiamen were killed by Mexican soldiers on September 17, 1842 near San Antonio de Bexar. The event occurred during the Battle of Salado Creek, which ended with a Texian victory. This was among numerous armed conflicts over the area between the Rio Grande and Nueces rivers, which the Republic of Texas tried to control after achieving independence in 1836.
The Texas Navy, officially the Navy of the Republic of Texas, also known as the Second Texas Navy, was the naval warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces during the Republic of Texas. It descended from the Texian Navy, which was established in November 1835 to fight for independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The Texas Navy, Texas Army, and Texas Militia were officially established on September 5, 1836 in Article II of the Constitution of the Republic of Texas. The Texas Navy and Texas Army were merged with the United States Armed Forces on February 19, 1846 after the Republic of Texas became the 28th state of the United States.
The Texas Military Forces (TXMF) are the principal instrument through which the Texas Military Department (TMD) executes security policy for Texas, which has the second-largest population and border in the United States.
James S. Rains was a senior officer of the Missouri State Guard (MSG) who fought in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. Born in Tennessee, Rains moved to Missouri by 1840, and was a farmer, politician, judge, and militia officer. He also served as an Indian agent from 1845 to 1849, and participated in the California Gold Rush. He was appointed to command of the 8th Division of the MSG in May 1861, and may have commanded all MSG forces at the Battle of Carthage later that year. In August, his men were routed at the Battle of Dug Springs, an incident which became known as "Rains's Scare".
James Long was an American filibuster who led an unsuccessful expedition to seize control of Spanish Texas between 1819 and 1821.
Hispanics in the American Civil War fought on both the Union and Confederate sides of the conflict. Not all the Hispanics who fought in the American Civil War were "Hispanic Americans" — in other words citizens of the United States. Many of them were Spanish subjects or nationals from countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America. Some were born in what later became a U.S. territory and therefore did not have the right to U.S. citizenship. It is estimated that approximately 3,500 Hispanics, mostly Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans living in the United States joined the war: 2,500 for the Confederacy and 1,000 for the Union. This number increased to 10,000 by the end of the war.
Plácido Benavides (1810–1837) was an early Mexican-born settler in De Leon's Colony, Victoria County, Texas. Benavides earned himself the sobriquet of the Paul Revere of Texas for his 1836 journey from San Patricio to Goliad to Victoria, warning residents of the approaching Mexican army. He was twice elected alcalde of Victoria, Texas. He married into the powerful De León family and, with his wife Agustina, became the father of three daughters. Benavides fought against the dictatorship of Antonio López de Santa Anna but did not feel Texas should be separated from Mexico.
The Texas Military Department (TMD) is an executive branch agency of the Texas government. Along with the Texas Department of Public Safety, it is charged with providing the security of Texas, which has the second largest population, border, and economy in the United States. It also provides administration of the Texas Military Forces (TXMF), the principal instrument through which it executes security policy. TXMF currently include the Texas Army National Guard, Texas Air National Guard, and Texas State Guard. It formerly included the Texas Rangers, Texas Army, Texas Navy, and Texas Marines.
The Adjutant General of Texas is the commander and chief executive officer of the Texas Military Department, the executive department of the Texas Military Forces. The adjutant general's position of authority over Texas Military Forces is second only to the commander-in-chief, the governor of Texas. This position is analogous to the United States secretary of defense. The adjutant general of Texas is appointed by the governor of Texas with the advice and consent of the Texas Senate from Texas Government Code Title 4, Subtitle C, Chapter 437.003.
The Texian Militia was the militia forces of Texian colonists in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas from 1823 to 1835 and the inaugurate force of the Texas Military. It was established by Stephen F. Austin on August 5, 1823 for defense of the Old Three Hundred colonists against the Karankawa, Comanche, and Cherokee tribes; among others. Its most notable unit, the Texas Rangers, remained in continuous service of Texas Military Forces until 1935.
The Texas Militia are the militia forces of the State of Texas. It currently consists of the Texas Army National Guard, Texas Air National Guard, and Texas State Guard. It is administered by the Texas Military Department under command of the Texas Adjutant General. Since 1846, the Texas Militia constitutes the entirety of the Texas Military Forces.
Texas special operations units of the Texas Military Forces conduct special operations for the Texas Military Department via the Domestic Operations Command (DOMOPS) while under Title 32 command, and via United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM) while under Title 10 command.