Vietglish, Vinglish or Vietlish, is an informal term for a mixture of elements from Vietnamese and English.
Swenglish is a colloquial term referring to the English language heavily influenced by Swedish in terms of vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation.
Arablish is slang for code-switching between the two languages or macaronically using features of one in the other. The term is first recorded in 1984. It is alternatively termed Arbalizi, a portmanteau combining the words Arabic and Inglizi.
Namlish is a form of English spoken in Namibia. The term was first recorded in 1991.
Czenglish, a portmanteau of the words Czech and English, refers to the interlanguage of English heavily influenced by Czech pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar or syntax spoken by learners of English as a second language. The term Czenglish is first recorded in 1989, with the slightly earlier variant Czechlish recorded from 1982.
Poglish, also known as Polglish and Ponglish, is a blend of two words from Polish and English. It is the product of macaronically mixing Polish- and English-language elements within a single speech production, or the use of "false friends" or of cognate words in senses that have diverged from those of the common etymological root. Such combining or confusion of Polish and English elements, when it occurs within a single word, term, or phrase, may, inadvertently or deliberately, produce a neologism.
Maltenglish, also known as Manglish, Minglish, Maltese English, Pepè or Maltingliż refers to the phenomenon of code-switching between Maltese, a Semitic language derived from late medieval Sicilian Arabic with Romance superstrata, and English, an Indo-European Germanic language with Romance superstrata.
Porglish or Portugish is the various types of language contact between Portuguese and English which have occurred in regions where the two languages coexist. These range from improvised macaronic admixture of and code-switching between the languages by bilingual and partially bilingual users, to more-or-less stable patterns of usage.
Jewish English is a cover term for varieties of the English language spoken by Jews. They may include significant amounts of vocabulary and syntax taken from Yiddish, and both classical and modern Hebrew. These varieties can be classified into several types: Yeshivish, Yinglish, and Heblish, as well as more flexible mixtures of English and other Jewish languages, which may contain features and other elements from languages other than Yiddish and Hebrew.
Danglish is a form of speech or writing that combines elements of Danish and English. The word Danglish is a portmanteau of Danish and English and has been in use since 1990. A variant form is Denglish, recorded since 2006. The term is used in Denmark to refer to the use of English or pseudo-English vocabulary in Danish. While it has been argued that the influx of English words, similar to the import of Latin and French words in the past, makes the language more expressive, it remains controversial in many sectors of society, notably with older people, who are often less accustomed to English terms.
Tenglish, refers to the code-mixing or code-switching of the Telugu language and Indian English.
Turklish refers to the language contact phenomenon that occurs primarily where native Turkish speakers frequently communicate in English. The term was first recorded in 1994. It does not refer to English spoken with a Turkish accent, but rather to code switching between the two languages.
Bislish is a portmanteau of the words Bisaya and English, which refers to any of the Visayan languages of the Philippines macaronically infused with English terms. It is an example of code-mixing. The earliest use of the term Bislish dates from 1999.
Itanglese, which is also known as Anglitaliano or Britalian, refers to multiple hybrid types of language based on Italian and English.
Nepalese English refers to a variety of the English language principally used in Nepal as well as neighboring Sikkim and Gorkhaland regions of India. It is heavily influenced by the Indo-Aryan languages of Nepal.
Bangladeshi English, is an English accent heavily influenced by the Bengali language and its dialects in Bangladesh. This variety is very common among Bengalis from Bangladesh, and in West Bengal, Assam and Tripura in India to a lesser extent.
Kanglish is a macaronic language of Kannada and English.
Urdish or Urdunglish, a portmanteau of the words Urdu and English, is the macaronic hybrid use of South Asian English and Standard Urdu. In the context of spoken language, it involves code-switching between these languages whereby they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences. In Pakistan and India, many bilingual or multi-lingual Urdu speakers, being familiar with both Urdu and English, display translanguaging in certain localities and between certain social groups.
Hokaglish, also known by locals as Sa-lam-tsam oe, is an oral contact language primarily resulting among three languages: (1) Philippine Hokkien Chinese, (2) Tagalog/Filipino and (3) Philippine English.
Hunglish refers to any mixing of the English and Hungarian languages as a result of linguistic interference. This most often involves ungrammatical or awkward English expressions typical of Hungarian learners of English, as well as English words and phrases imported into the Hungarian language. The term is a portmanteau of Hungarian and English. The word is first recorded in 1978. The word is most popular in North England, especially in South Yorkshire.
