List of people known as the Great

Last updated

This is a list of people known as the Great, or the equivalent, in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes, such as Persian e Bozorg and Urdu e Azam.

Contents

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to have been a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King" (King of Kings, Shahanshah). It was first used by Cyrus II of Persia. [1] The title was inherited by Alexander III when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference to this is in a comedy by Plautus, [2] in which it is assumed that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no evidence that he was called "the Great" before this. The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great. Once the term gained currency, it was broadened to include persons in other fields, such as the philosopher Albert the Great.

Later rulers and commanders were given the epithet during their lifetime, for example, the Roman general Pompey. Others received the title posthumously, such as the Indian emperor Ashoka. As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of the designation varies greatly. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "the Great" in his lifetime, but is rarely called such nowadays, later writers preferring his more specific epithet "the Sun King". German Emperor Wilhelm I was often called "the Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely before or after.

Monarchs

NameDescriptionReign (Dates)Sources
Abbas the Great King of Kings of Persia 1588 – 1629 [3] [4]
Abgar VIII King of Osroene ? – 212
Akbar the Great Third Mughal emperor of India1542 – 1605 [5]
Alan I, King of Brittany Duke of Brittany ? – 907
Ahmad Shah Durrani King of Afghanistan1722 – 1773
Alexander the Great Basileus of Macedonia and King of Kings of Persia, Pharaoh of Egypt.356 BC – 323 BC
Alfonso III of Asturias King of León, Galicia and Asturias848 – 910
Alfred the Great King of Wessex and the Anglo-Saxons 848/849 – 899
Amenhotep III Pharaoh of Egypt ? – 1353 BC
Antiochus III the Great Ruler of the Seleucid Empire 241 BC – 187 BC
Ashoka the Great Third Mauryan Emperor of India 268 BC – 232 BC [6]
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj First King Maratha Empire]1630 – 1680 BC
Ashot I of Armenia King of Armenia820 – 890
Ashot I of Iberia First Bagratid king of Georgia ? – 830
Askia Mohammad I Ruler of the Songhai Empire 1442 – 1538 [7]
Bagrat V of Georgia King of Georgia ? – 1393
Barnim III Duke of Stettin Pomerania c. 1300 – 1368 [8]
Bayinnaung King of Toungoo Dynasty (in present-day Myanmar)1550 – 1581
Berengaria of Castile Queen of Castile and Toledo 1179 – 1246
Bhumibol Adulyadej King of Thailand1927 – 2016
Bogusław V Duke of Wolgast and Słupsk 1317/18 – 1374 [9]
Bolesław I the Brave First king of Poland967 – 1025 [10]
Casimir III the Great King of Poland (1333–1370)1310 – 1370
Catherine the Great Empress of Russia1729 – 1796
Charlemagne ("Charles the Great")King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans 800 – 814
Chandragupta Maurya King of Maurya Empire (Present-day India, China, Afghanistan, Nepal)340 BC - 298 BC
Chlothar II King of Neustria and King of the Franks584 – 629
Chulalongkorn King of Siam (in present-day Thailand)1868 – 1910
Constantine the Great Roman emperor272 – 337
Cnut the Great King of England (1016–1035), Denmark (1018–1035) and Norway (1028–1035)985 or 995 – 1035
Cyrus the Great Founder and First Shahanshah of Persia, Achaemenid Empire (in present-day Iran)600 BC or 576 BC – 530 BC
Darius the Great Third Shahanshah of Persia, Achaemenid Empire (in present-day Iran)550 BC – 486 BC
Eucratides I Ruler of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom 170 BC – 145 BC [11]
Ewuare Founder and Oba (king) of the Benin Empire (in present-day Nigeria)? – 1473
Farrukhan the Great Ispahbadh of Tabaristan712 – 728 [12]
Ferdinand I of León King of León and Count of Castile1015 – 1065
Frederick the Great King of Prussia1712 – 1786
Genghis Khan Founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire 1162 – 1227
Gwrgan Fawr King of Ergyng c. 619 – 645
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden King of Sweden (1611–1632), founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader1594 – 1632
Gwanggaeto the Great King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea 374 – 413 [13]
Henry IV of France King of France and King of Navarre1553 – 1610
Herod the Great King of Judea73 BC/74 BC – 4 BC
Hugh III of Cyprus King of Cyprus and Jerusalem 1267 – 1284
Hugh Magnus Co-King of France1007 – 1025
Inal the Great of Circassia Supreme Prince of Circassia 1427 – 1453
Ivan III of Russia Grand Prince of Moscow1440 – 1505
Iyasu I Emperor of Ethiopia 1654 – 1706
Jeongjo of Joseon 22nd King of the Joseon Dynasty 1753 – 1800
John I of Portugal King of Portugal and the Algarve1358 – 1433
John II of Aragon and Navarre King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre1398 – 1479
Justinian I Roman Emperor (Eastern)483 – 565
Kamehameha I First king of Hawaii1758 – 1819
Kangxi Emperor Emperor of Qing China1654 – 1722
Kanishka Emperor of Kushan Empire, ruled Central Asia and parts of India127 – 150 [14]
Kvirike III of Kakheti King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia1010 – 1029
Kublai Khan Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty 1215 – 1294
Leo I the Thracian Roman emperor457 – 474 [15]
Llywelyn the Great King of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales1172 – 1240
Louis I of Hungary King of Hungary, Croatia, and Poland1326 – 1382
Lê Thánh Tông Emperor of Đại Việt, the longest-reigning and greatest emperor of the Later Lê dynasty1442 – 1497
Louis XIV of France King of France and Navarre1638 – 1715
Maharaja Ranjit Singh King of Punjab India and Pakistan 1780 – 1839
Manuel I Komnenos Byzantine emperor 1143 – 1180
Marianus IV of Arborea Judge of Arborea 1319 – 1376 [16]
Miloš Obrenović I of Serbia Prince of Serbia1780 – 1860
Mircea the Elder Voivode of Wallachia 1386 – 1394, 1397 – 1418
Mithridates I of Parthia Fifth King of Parthia (in present-day Iran)171 BC – 132 BC [17]
Mithridates II of Parthia Eighth King of Parthia (in present-day Iran)121 BC – 91 BC
Mithridates VI Eupator King of Pontus 120 BC – 63 BC
Mongkut King of Siam (in present-day Thailand)1804 – 1868
Mubarak Al-Sabah Ruler of Kuwait 1840 – 1915
Mstislav I of Kiev Grand Prince of Kievan Rus' 1076 – 1132
Narai King of Ayutthaya (in present-day Thailand)1633 – 1688
Naresuan King of Ayutthaya (in present-day Thailand)1590 – 1605
Nebuchadnezzar II King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire 642 BC – 562 BC [18]
Otto the Great Holy Roman Emperor912 – 973
Owain Gwynedd King of All Wales c. 1100/23 – 1170 [19]
Pakal Ruler of the Maya city-state of Palenque 603 – 683
Parakramabahu I King of Polonnaruwa 1123 – 1186 [20]
Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia King of Croatia1059 – 1075 [21]
Peter the Great Tsar of Russia; founder of the Russian Empire 1672 – 1725[ citation needed ]
Peter III of Aragon King of Aragon and King of Sicily1239 – 1285
Pharasmanes I of Iberia King of Iberia 1 – 58
Phutthayotfa Chulalok King of Siam (In present-day Thailand)1782 – 1809 [22]
Qin Shi Huang First emperor of China, who unified China from Warring States 259 BC – 210 BC
Radama I First king of greater Madagascar1793 – 1828
Radu IV the Great Voivode of Wallachia 1495 – 1508
Rajaraja Chola I Imperial Chola Emperor of India947 – 1014
Rajendra Chola I Imperial Chola Emperor of India979 – 1044
Ramesses II Pharaoh of Egypt known for his temples, monuments, and military feats.1279 BC – 1213 BC [23]
Ram Khamhaeng King of Sukhothai (In present-day Thailand)1237/1247 – 1298
Reza Shah Shah of Iran1925 – 1941
Rhodri the Great King of Gwynedd (in present-day Wales)820 – 878
Roman the Great Grand Prince of Kiev 1160 – 1205 [24]
Sancho III of Pamplona King of Navarre 992 – 1035
Sargon of Akkad Ruler of the Akkadian Empire ? – 2215 BC [25]
Scorpion II King of Thinis c. 3150 BC - 3135 BC [26] [27] [28]
Sejong the Great Fourth King of the Joseon Dynasty 1397 – 1450 [29]
Shapur II Tenth Shahanshah of Persia, Sassanid Empire (in present-day Iran)309 – 379
Simeon I of Bulgaria Tsar of Bulgaria864 – 927 [30]
Simon I of Kartli King of Kartli 1537 – 1611
Solomon I of Imereti King of Imereti 1735 – 1784
Sonni Ali Ber First Ruler of the Songhai Empire 1462 – 1492 [31]
Stefan Uroš I King of Serbia1243 – 1276
Stephen the Great Prince of Moldavia (Romania)1457 – 1504
Svatopluk I of Moravia King of Moravia 840 – 894 [32]
Taksin King of the Thonburi Kingdom (in present-day Thailand)1734 – 1783 [33]
Tamar of Georgia Queen of the Georgian Empire 1160 – 1223 [34]
Emperor Taizong of Tang Emperor of Tang (China)598 – 649
Theoderic the Great King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Eastern Roman Empire 454 – 526
Theodosius I Roman emperor 347 – 395 [35]
Thoros II of Armenia Lord of Armenian Cilicia ? – 1169 [36]
Thutmose III Pharaoh of Egypt 1481 BC – 1425 BC [37]
Tigranes the Great Emperor of Armenia 140 BC – 55 BC [38]
Tiridates III of Armenia King of Armenia 285 – 339 [39]
Valdemar I of Denmark King of Denmark1131 – 1182 [40]
Valentinian I Roman emperor364 – 375 [41]
Vigraharaja IV King of Chauhan Dynasty of India1150 – 1164 [42]
Vladimir the Great Kievan Rus' ruler; Prince of Novgorod and Grand Prince of Kiev958 – 1015 [43]
Vytautas Grand Duke of Lithuania 1350 – 1430 [44]
Emperor Wu of Han Emperor of Han China, from whose reign dynasty the Chinese majority people are named156 BC – 87 BC
Xerxes I Fourth Shahanshah of Persia, Achaemenid Empire (in present-day Iran)519 BC – 465 BC [45]
Yuknoom Ch'een II Maya king of Kaan 600 – c. 680 [46]

Aristocrats

NameDescriptionDatesSources
Alain I of Albret French aristocrat1440 – 1522
Amadeus V of Savoy Count of Savoy 1249 – 1323
Arnulf I, Count of Flanders Count of Flanders 893 – 964 [47]
Atenulf I of Capua Prince of Capua ? – c. 910
Bogislaw X Duke of Pomerania 1454 – 1523
Bruno Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia925 – 965 [48]
Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy Duke of Savoy1562 – 1630
Charles III, Duke of Lorraine Duke of Lorraine1543 – 1608
Conrad, Margrave of Meissen Margrave of Meissen1097 – 1157 [49]
David III of Tao Prince of Tao 966 – 1001
Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg The German prince (house of Schauenburg); also ruled a large part of Denmark1292 – 1340
Gero Ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe900 – 965 [50]
Godfrey I of Louvain Count of Brussels and Leuven; Duke of Lower Lorraine; Langrave of Brabant 1060 – 1139
Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine Duke of Lorraine; count of Verdun; and margrave of Antwerp 967 – 1044
Gurgen II of Tao Prince of Tao 918 – 941
Hanno I the Great Carthaginian politician and military leader4th century BC
Hanno II the Great Carthaginian aristocrat, general, and politician3rd century BC [51]
Hanno III the Great Carthaginian politician2nd century BC [52] [53]
Henry I, Duke of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy946 – 1002
Henry V of Luxembourg Count of Luxembourg 1216 – 1281
Hugh the Great Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks898 – 956 [54]
Hugh, Count of Vermandois Count of Vermandois1057 – 1101
Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany Margrave of Tuscany 953/954 – 1001
Humphrey I de Bohun Anglo-Norman aristocrat? – 1123
Intef the Elder Nomarch of Thebes ? – c. 2135 BC [55]
Matthew II of Montmorency Lord of Montmorency 1189 – 1230
Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria Ruler of Bavaria 1573 – 1651
Milo I of Montlhéry Lord of Montlhéry 1095 – 1102
Odo the Great Duke of Aquitaine? – 735 [56]
Pompey Military and political leader of the late Roman Republic 106 BC – 48 BC [57]
Raghoji I of Nagpur King of Nagpur1739 – 1755
Ralph IV of Valois Count of Valois, Bar, Vexin, Vitry, Amiens, Montdidier and Tardenois1025 – 1074 [58]
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona Count of Barcelona, Provence, and various other counties1082 – 1131
Robert I, Count of Dreux Count of Dreux1123 – 1188
Roger-Bernard II, Count of Foix Count of Foix 1223 – 1241
Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel? – 1094
Roger I of Sicily Count of Sicily c. 1030 – 1101
Świętopełk II the Great Duke of Gdańsk Pomerania ? – 1266 [59]
Theobald II, Count of Champagne Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie1090 – 1151
William I, Count of Burgundy Count of Burgundy and Mâcon1020 – 1087
William V, Duke of Aquitaine Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou969 – 1030 [60]

Military

NameDescriptionDatesSources
Afonso de Albuquerque Portuguese general, statesman and empire builder1453 – 1515 [61]
Melias Byzantine general of Armenian origin, called "Mleh the Great" in Armenian sources10th century [62]
Prokop the Great Hussite general in Bohemia 1380 – 1434 [63]

Religious figures

Christian

NameDescriptionDatesSources
Abraham Kidunaia Hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia? – 366 [64]
Abraham the Great of Kashkar Monk and saint of the Church of the East492 – 586
Albertus Magnus Medieval German philosopher and theologian1193/1206 – 1280 [65]
Anthony the Great Early Christian saint of Egypt251 – 356 [66]
Arsenius the Great Roman anchorite saint in Egypt354 – 445
Athanasius of Alexandria Early Christian saint and bishop of Alexandria296 – 373 [67]
Babai the Great Assyrian church leader551 – 628
Basil of Caesarea Greek bishop and theologian330 – 379 [68]
Bertin Frankish Abbot of a monastery that was named after him after he died615 – 709
Bruno the Great Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)925 – 965 [69]
Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria Coptic Orthodox Church pope ? – 454
Euthymius the Great Abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint377 – 473
Gertrude the Great German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint1256 – 1302 [70]
Pope Gregory I Roman Catholic pope540 – 604 [71]
Hugh of Cluny Abbot of Cluny1024 – 1109
Isaac of Armenia Armenian Catholicosc.354 – 439
James, son of Zebedee [Note 1] One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ 3 – 44 [72]
Joannicius the Great Byzantine hermit, theologian and saint752 – 846 [73]
Pope John Paul II Roman Catholic pope1920 – 2005 [74] [75] [76] [77]
Pope Leo I Roman Catholic pope391 or 400 – 461 [78]
Macarius of Egypt Egyptian hermit300 – 391 [79]
Michael the Great Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church 1126 – 1199 [80]
Nerses I Armenian Catholicos? – 373
Pope Nicholas I Roman Catholic pope800 – 867 [81]
Photius I of Constantinople Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople 810 – 893 [82]
Severus of Antioch Oriental Orthodox saint and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church 459/465 – 538
Shenoute Oriental Orthodox saint and abbot of the White Monastery c.348 – 465
Sisoes the Great An early desert father, a solitary monk pursuing asceticism in the Egyptian desert in a cave of Anthony the Great ? – 429
William of Maleval Founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites? - 1157

Jewish

NameDescriptionDatesSources
Aharon of Karlin (I) Hasidic rabbi1736 – 1772 [83]
Eliezer ben Hurcanus Rabbi in Judea1st century [84] [85]
Hiyya the Great Rabbi in Judea3rd century [86]

Legendary and mythological figures

NameDescriptionSources
Ajax the Great Greek hero in the Iliad [87]
Beli Mawr In medieval Welsh mythology and literature [88]
Belinus Legendary king of the Britons
Boyi Tribal leader of the Longshan [89]
Fergus Mór Semi-mythical king of Dál Riata
Gradlon Semi-mythical king of Cornouaille
Hayk Legendary founder and patriarch of the Armenian nation [90]
Phrom Legendary king of Singhanavati Realm [91]
Yu the Great (c. 2200–2100 BC)Legendary ruler in ancient China [92] [93]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In this case James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him from the Apostle James the Lesser, with greater meaning older or taller, rather than more important.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Casimir III the Great</span> King of Poland from 1333 to 1370

Casimir III the Great reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, and fought to retain the title in the Galicia-Volhynia Wars. He was the last Polish king from the Piast dynasty.

The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hormizd II</span> Ruler of the Sasanian Empire 303–309

Hormizd II was king (shah) of the Sasanian Empire. He ruled for six years and five months, from 303 to 309. He was a son and successor of Narseh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John I Tzimiskes</span> Byzantine emperor from 969 to 976

John I Tzimiskes was the senior Byzantine emperor from 969 to 976. An intuitive and successful general who married into the influential Skleros family, he strengthened and expanded the Byzantine Empire to include Thrace and Syria by warring with the Rus' under Sviatoslav I and the Fatimids respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darial Gorge</span> Mountain pass in Georgia

The Darial Gorge is a river gorge on the border between Russia and Georgia. It is at the east base of Mount Kazbek, south of present-day Vladikavkaz. The gorge was carved by the river Terek, and is approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) long. The steep granite walls of the gorge can be as much as 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) tall in some places. The Georgian Military Road runs through the gorge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qajar dynasty</span> Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin (1789–1925)

The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Achaemenes</span> Apical ancestor of the Achaemenid dynasty

Achaemenes was the apical ancestor of the Achaemenid dynasty of rulers of Persia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyrus the Great</span> Founder of the Achaemenid Empire (c. 600–530 BC)

Cyrus II of Persia, commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Hailing from Persis, he brought the Achaemenid dynasty to power by defeating the Median Empire and embracing all of the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanding vastly and eventually conquering most of West Asia and much of Central Asia to create what would soon become the largest polity in human history at the time. Widely considered the world's first superpower, the Achaemenid Empire's largest territorial extent was achieved under Darius the Great, whose rule stretched from the Balkans and the rest of Southeast Europe in the west to the Indus Valley in the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erzurum</span> Metropolitan municipality in Erzurum Province, Turkey

Erzurum is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Khorasan</span> Historical region of Greater Iran

Greater Khorāsān or Khorāsān or Khurāsān is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plateau between West and Central Asia that encompasses western Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, the eastern halves of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, and portions of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 10th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sasanian Empire</span> Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)

The SasanianEmpire or Sassanid Empire, also known as the Second Persian Empire or Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651, making it the second longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty after the Arsacids of the Parthian Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seljuk dynasty</span> Oghuz Turkic dynasty

The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids, Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans or the Saljuqids, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satrapy of Armenia</span> Period of Yervanduni kingdom

The Satrapy of Armenia, a region controlled by the Orontid dynasty, was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC that later became an independent kingdom. Its capitals were Tushpa and later Erebuni.

The page details the timeline of History of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iranian Intermezzo</span> 821–1090 period of native Iranian Muslim dynasties

The term Iranian Intermezzo, or Persian Renaissance, represents a period in history which saw the rise of various native Iranian dynasties in the Iranian Plateau after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia and the fall of the Sasanian Empire. The period is noteworthy since it was an interlude between the decline of Abbāsid rule and power by Arabs and the "Sunni Revival" with the 11th-century emergence of the Seljuq Turks. The Iranian revival consisted of Iranian support based on Iranian territory and most significantly a revived Iranian national spirit and culture in an Islamic form, although there were some Iranian Zoroastrian movements rejecting Islam altogether as a religion. It also focused on reviving the Persian language, the most significant Persian-language literature from this period being Shahnameh by Ferdowsi. The Iranian dynasties and entities which comprise the Iranian Intermezzo are the Tahirids, Saffarids, Sajids, Samanids, Ziyarids, Buyids, Sallarids, Rawadids, Marwanids, Shaddadids, Kakuyids, Annazids and Hasanwayhids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qajar Iran</span> Country in Western Asia (1789–1925)

Qajar Iran, also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran and also known as the Guarded Domains of Iran, was an Iranian state ruled by the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, from 1789 to 1925. The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty. He was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects.

The chronology of the later Crusades through 1400 provides a detailed timeline of the Crusades from after the Eighth Crusade, the last of the major expeditions to the Holy Land through the end of the 14th century. This includes the events from 1270 on that led to the Fall of Outremer in 1291 and the Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399.

References

  1. ↑ In a clay cylinder (online Archived 22 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine ). The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine ).
  2. ↑ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
  3. ↑ Savory, Roger M. "ʿAbbās I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  4. ↑ Savory, R. M. (13 July 2011). "ʿABBĀS I". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 71–75. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  5. ↑ "Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great)". British Museum.
  6. ↑ Monika Khanna (2011). Ashoka, the Great: The Great Reformist Emperor of India. Farsight Publishers & Distributors. ISBN   978-81-89297-75-6.
  7. ↑ Flora Shaw (23 December 2010). A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Soudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN   978-1-108-02492-1.
  8. ↑ "Barnim III Wielki". PWN.pl. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  9. ↑ "Książę wołogoski i słupski Bogusław V Wielki (1317–1374)". Zamek Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie.
  10. ↑ Patrick J. Geary (2010). Readings in Medieval History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 642–. ISBN   978-1-4426-0120-8.
  11. ↑ Asiatic Society of Bengal (1840). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. p. 533.
  12. ↑ Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat (1982). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 298. ISBN   9789004067127.
  13. ↑ Korean Culture and Information Service Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (15 January 2015). FACTS ABOUT KOREA: South korea, Past and Present. 길잡이미디어. pp. 191–. ISBN   978-89-7375-584-4.
  14. ↑ Bracey, Robert (2017). "The Date of Kanishka since 1960 (Indian Historical Review, 2017, 44(1), 1-41)" . Indian Historical Review. 44: 1–41.
  15. ↑ Bury, J. B. (1958) [1889]. "Chapter X: the reign of Leo I". History of the Later Roman Empire. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 323, note 1. ISBN   978-0-486-14338-5. After the coronation of the child the two Leos would be distinguished as Λέων ὁ Μέγας and Λέων ὁ Μικρός, and this I believe, must be the origin of the designation of Leo as "the Great"; just as reversely Theodosius II. was called "the Small," because in his infancy he had been known as ὁ μικρός βασιλεύς to distinguish him from Arcadius. Leo never did anything which could conceivably earn him the title of Great in the sense in which it was bestowed by posterity on Alexander or Constantine.
  16. ↑ Nowé, 174.
  17. ↑ Daryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN   978-0-19-987575-7. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019.
  18. ↑ Sack, Ronald H. (2004). Images of Nebuchadnezzar: The Emergence of a Legend (2nd Revised and Expanded ed.). Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. ISBN   1-57591-079-9., p. 41
  19. ↑ Lloyd, John Edward (2004). A History of Wales: From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest. Barnes & Noble. p. 94. ISBN   978-0-7607-5241-8.
  20. ↑ Datta, Nonica (2003). Indian History: Ancient and medieval. Vol. 1. Mumbai: Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) and Popular Prakashan. p. 220. ISBN   8179910679.
  21. ↑ Vjekoslav Klaić (1972). Povijest Hrvata od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX stoljeća. Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. p. 129.
  22. ↑ Sulak Sivaraksa (1985). Siamese Resurgence: A Thai Buddhist Voice on Asia and a World of Change. Asian Cultural Forum on Development. p. 175.
  23. ↑ "Ramses". Webster's New World College Dictionary. Wiley Publishing. 2004. Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  24. ↑ Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine: A History.[ page needed ]
  25. ↑ "Sargon inscriptions". cdli.ucla.edu.
  26. ↑ Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN   3-491-96053-3, p. 276.
  27. ↑ Günter Dreyer: "Horus Krokodil: Ein Gegenkönig der Dynastie 0". In: Renee Friedman, Barbara Adams: The Followers of Horus: Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, 1949–1990. Oxford 1992, ISBN   0-946897-44-1, pp. 259–263.
  28. ↑ Peter Kaplony: Die Inschriften der ägyptischen Frühzeit. Bd. 2 (= Ägyptologische Abhandlungen. Bd. 8, 2). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1963, p. 1090.
  29. ↑ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN   978-0-7456-3356-5.
  30. ↑ R. J. Crampton (24 November 2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge University Press. p. 270. ISBN   978-1-139-44823-9.
  31. ↑ Walker, Robin; Millar, Siaf (1999), The West African Empire of Songhai in 10 Easy Lessons By Robin Walker, Siaf Millar, Concept Learning, ISBN   9781903181003 , retrieved 5 June 2021
  32. ↑ Havlík, Lubomír E. (2013). Kronika o Velké Moravě[Chronicle of Great Moravia]. Jota. p. 362. ISBN   978-80-85617-04-7.
  33. ↑ Gerald W. Fry; Gayla S. Nieminen; Harold E. Smith (8 August 2013). Historical Dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press. p. 401. ISBN   978-0-8108-7525-8.
  34. ↑ Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts. Leuven: Peeters. p. 338. ISBN   90-429-1318-5.
  35. ↑ Cooley, Alison E. (2012). The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge University Press. p. 506. ISBN   978-0-521-84026-2.
  36. ↑ Ghazarian, Jacob G. The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393).
  37. ↑ "Ancient Egypt's Greatest Warrior: TuthmosIs The 3rd - Egypt's Napoleon (Full History Documentary)". dokus4free. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  38. ↑ Manaseryan, Ruben (2007). Տիգրան Մեծ՝ Հայկական Պայքարը Հռոմի և Պարթևաստանի Դեմ, մ.թ.ա. 94–64 թթ. [Tigran the Great: The Armenian Struggle Against Rome and Parthia, 94–64 B.C.] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Lusakan Publishing. p. needed.
  39. ↑ Beate Dignas; Engelbert Winter (13 September 2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–. ISBN   978-0-521-84925-8.
  40. ↑ Lester B. Orfield (1953). The Growth of Scandinavian Law. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 38–. ISBN   978-1-58477-180-7.
  41. ↑ Thomas Banchich; Eugene Lane (26 January 2009). The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great. Routledge. pp. 261–. ISBN   978-1-134-42473-3.
  42. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 65. ISBN   9780842606189.
  43. ↑ Mike Dixon-Kennedy (1998). Encyclopedia of Russian and Slavic Myth and Legend. ABC-CLIO. p. 239. ISBN   978-1-57607-063-5.
  44. ↑ Giedrė Mickūnaitė (2006). Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania. Central European University Press. pp. 4–. ISBN   978-963-7326-58-5.
  45. ↑ Jacob Abbott (1850). History of Xerxes the Great. Harper & Brothers, publishers.
  46. ↑ Robert J. Sharer; Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya . Stanford University Press. pp.  381–. ISBN   978-0-8047-4817-9.
  47. ↑ "Arnulf I, Count of Flanders". British Museum.
  48. ↑ Brian D. Starr (2006). Tree of Saints. Brian Daniel Starr. pp. 121–. ISBN   978-1-4196-3302-7.
  49. ↑ "Konrad Markgraf von Meißen und der Niederlausitz". ADB. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  50. ↑ Thompson, 486. Also see Lexikon des Mittelalters. Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ↑ Who's Who in The Roman World, Routledge retrieved 15 March 2011
  52. ↑ Picard, Life and Death of Carthage (1968), at 264, 286.
  53. ↑ Cf., Warmington, Carthage (1960, 1964), at 119.
  54. ↑ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993), pp.250–1
  55. ↑ "Stela of the Gatekeeper Maati". Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  56. ↑ Melville M. Bigelow, "The Bohun Wills," American Historical Review , 1:3 (1896), 415.
  57. ↑ JmLeach, John. Pompey the Great'). p. 29.
  58. ↑ Bautier, Robert-Henri (1985). "Anne de Kiev, reine de France, et la politque royale au XIe siècle: Étude critique de la documentation". Revue des études slaves. 57 (4): 539–64. doi:10.3406/slave.1985.5520.
  59. ↑ Januszajtis, Andrzej. "Sławni Gdańszczanie: Świętopełk II Wielki". Nasz Gdańsk.
  60. ↑ Bachrach, Bernard S. (1993). Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987–1040. University of California Press.
  61. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1 May 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 23. ISBN   978-1-59339-492-9.
  62. ↑ The name comes from Arabic malīh meaning "beautiful", "fine". Melias is probably the Malikh al-Armani of Arab chroniclers. Whittow, Mark (1996). The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025. Berkeley: University of California. p. 315. ISBN   0520204964.
  63. ↑ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Procopius, Andrew"  . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  64. ↑ Butler, Alban. "St. Abraham, Hermit", The Lives of the Saints, Vol.III, 1866
  65. ↑ Weisheipl, James A. (1980), "The Life and Works of St. Albert the Great", in Weisheipl, James A. (ed.), Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays, Studies and texts, vol. 49, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, p. 46, ISBN   978-0-88844-049-5
  66. ↑ Endsjø, Dag Øistein (2008). Primordial landscapes, Incorruptible Bodies. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4331-0181-6.
  67. ↑ Clifford, Cornelius. "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Athanasius". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  68. ↑ Bowersock et al. (1999), p.336
  69. ↑ Religious Drama and Ecclesiastical Reform in the Tenth Century, James H. Forse, Early Theatre, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2002), 48.
  70. ↑ "Bossert, Sr. Evangela. "St. Gertrude of Helfta", Monastery of St. Gertrude, Cottonwood, Idaho". Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  71. ↑ Huddleston, Gilbert (1909). "Pope St. Gregory I ("the Great")"  . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia . Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Gregory had come to be known as 'the Great' by the late ninth century, a title which is still applied to him. See John Moorhead, Gregory the Great, (Routledge, 2005), p1
  72. ↑ "Catholic Encyclopedia: St. James the Greater".
  73. ↑ Treadgold, Warren (January 2002). "Photius Before His Patriarchate". Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 53: 1–17. doi:10.1017/S0022046901008727. S2CID   162542349 – via Cambridge.
  74. ↑ "John Paul the Great Catholic University". Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  75. ↑ "Our History". Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  76. ↑ "John Paul the Great Academy – Lafayette, LA". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  77. ↑ Beabout, Gregory; Carter, Daniel. "Two Cheers for Democracy from St. John Paul the Great: Rhonheimer, Kraynak, and the Unfinished Agenda of Dignitatis Humanae" . Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  78. ↑ Davis, SJ, Leo Donald (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. pp.  342. ISBN   978-0-8146-5616-7.
  79. ↑ "Μνήμη τοῦ ὁσίου πατρός ἠμῶν Μακαρίου τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου τοῦ ἀναχωρητοῦ" [Our father Makarios of Egypt the Anchorite, of blessed memory]. Apostoliki Diakonia: Eorlogio (in Greek). Apostoliki Diakonia (Apostolic Auxiliary) of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  80. ↑ Wright, A short history of Syriac literature, p.250, n.4, referencing Bar Hebraeus, Chron. Eccles., vol. 1, 537.
  81. ↑ Will Durant. The Age of Faith. New York, New York, USA: Simon and Schuster, 1972. Chapter 21: Christianity in Conflict, p. 517-51
  82. ↑ White, Despina Stratoudaki (1981). "The Life of Patriarch Photios". Patriarch Photios of Constantinople, His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence, Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters. Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN   978-0-91658626-3 . Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  83. ↑ PD-icon.svg One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "AARON BEN JACOB OF KARLIN". The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  84. ↑ Pirkei Avot 2:8; Avot of Rabbi Natan 6:3
  85. ↑ Avot of Rabbi Natan 14:5
  86. ↑ "HIYYA BAR ABBA - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  87. ↑ "Salamis The Island" Salamis The Island – Salamina Municipality – Greek Island
  88. ↑ Delamarre, Xavier. Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, Editions Errance, Paris, 2003, pp. 70–72.
  89. ↑ Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian . Translated by William H. Nienhauser as The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China. Indiana University Press, 1994.
  90. ↑ Gōsh, Mkhitʻar (2000). The Lawcode (Datastanagirk') of Mxit'ar Goš. Rodopi. p. 112. ISBN   9789042007901 . Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  91. ↑ ""ตำนานพระเจ้าพรหม" วีรบุรุษของโยนกล้านนา" ["King Phrom Legend" hero of Singhanavati Lanna Kingdom]. Chiangmainews (in Thai). 8 January 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  92. ↑ Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan知書房出版集團), 42.
  93. ↑ Siam Qi. Records of the Grand Historian . Translated by William H. Nienhauser as The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Antiquity. Indiana University Press, 1994.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.