Miglitol

Last updated

Miglitol
Miglitol2.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Glyset
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a601079
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU:B3
Routes of
administration 		By mouth (tablets)
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Dose-dependent
Protein binding Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism Nil
Elimination half-life 2 hours
Excretion Renal (95%)
Identifiers
  • (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
    piperidine-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.069.670 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C8H17NO5
Molar mass 207.226 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density 1.458 g/cm3
Melting point 114 °C (237 °F)
  • OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
  • InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 Yes check.svgY
  • Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N Yes check.svgY
   (verify)

Miglitol is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels. [1] Approved for clinical use since 1998, miglitol has demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing HbA1c levels, and decreasing both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations in long-term clinical trials. [1] [2] Additionally, recent studies have suggested that miglitol may have potential as an anti-obesity agent, showing promise in reducing body weight and body mass index in obese or diabetic patients. [3] While generally well-tolerated, the most common side effects associated with miglitol are gastrointestinal disturbances, which are typically mild to moderate and tend to decrease over time. [1]

Contents

It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect [4]

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

Formulation

The benefits of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on health were shown to be stronger when the powder is consumed orally dissolved in water as a beverage in comparison to its intake as ordinary hard gelatin capsules. [5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Scott LJ, Spencer CM (March 2000). "Miglitol: a review of its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 59 (3): 521–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-200059030-00012. PMID   10776834.
  2. ↑ "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  3. ↑ Sugimoto S, Nakajima H, Kosaka K, Hosoi H (2015). "Review: Miglitol has potential as a therapeutic drug against obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 12 51. doi: 10.1186/s12986-015-0048-8 . PMC   4666030 . PMID   26628904.
  4. ↑ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  5. ↑ Moreira FD, Reis CE, Gallassi AD, Moreira DC, Welker AF (2024-10-09). Dardari D (ed.). "Suppression of the postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by a raw medicinal herb powder is weakened when consumed in ordinary hard gelatin capsules: A randomized crossover clinical trial". PLOS ONE. 19 (10) e0311501. Bibcode:2024PLoSO..1911501M. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311501 . PMC   11463819 . PMID   39383145. Creative Commons by small.svg  This article incorporates textfrom this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.


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