The Mississippi Blues Trail was created by the Mississippi Blues Commission in 2006 to place interpretive markers at the most notable historical sites related to the birth, growth, and influence of the blues throughout (and in some cases beyond) the state of Mississippi. Within the state the trail extends from the Gulf Coast north along several highways to (among other points) Natchez, Vicksburg, Jackson, Leland, Greenwood, Clarksdale, Tunica, Grenada, Oxford, Columbus, and Meridian. The largest concentration of markers is in the Mississippi Delta, but other regions of the state are also commemorated. Several out-of-state markers have also been erected where blues with Mississippi roots has had significance, such as Chicago. [1]
The list of markers and locations was developed by a panel of blues scholars and historians. The trail has been implemented in stages as funds have become available. The National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities, and Mississippi Department of Transportation have provided grants for funding of various markers, which are co-sponsored with funds from local communities. The marker texts are researched and written by Jim O'Neal and Scott Barretta, former editors of Living Blues magazine, together with an editorial and design team that has included Wanda Clark; Chrissy Wilson; Allan Hammons; and Sylvester Oliver. [2]
Prior to the founding of the Mississippi Blues Trail, two preliminary markers were placed in Indianola, Mississippi, at a corner where B.B. King played as a young man, and at the Club Ebony.
The first three Mississippi Blues Trail markers were dedicated on December 11, 2006. The first, at Holly Ridge, is dedicated to Delta blues pioneer Charley Patton. [3]
The second marker is located by the Southern Whispers Restaurant on Nelson Street in Greenville. Nelson Street, the home of many nightclubs, cafes, and juke joints over the years, was once the primary center of African-American business, entertainment, and social life in the Delta. [4] For many decades this historic strip drew crowds to the flourishing club scene to hear Delta blues; big band; jump blues; rhythm & blues; and jazz.
The third marker was unveiled at the original location of WGRM radio station in Greenwood, where B.B. King first broadcast as a gospel singer. [4]
By the end of 2016, the Mississippi Blues Trail had placed nearly 200 markers. [5] They honored individual artists, clubs, record companies, radio stations, and historic events, but also the plantations, streets, cities, and counties that developed as centers of blues activity. Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman was also commemorated, as folklorists such as Alan Lomax recorded blues there by inmates (most notably Bukka White) on several occasions, dating to the 1930s. [6]
Locations are in Mississippi unless otherwise stated.
Marker name | Marker location | Photograph | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
100 Men D.B.A. Hall | Bay St. Louis | |||
61 Highway | Vicksburg | |||
Abbay & Leatherman | Robinsonville | Robinsonville is now known as Tunica Resorts, Mississippi | ||
Aberdeen Mississippi Blues | Aberdeen | |||
Ace Records | Jackson | |||
Albert King | Indianola | |||
Alligator Blues | Alligator | |||
Amory: Blues From A Railroad Town | Amory | |||
Arthur Crudup | Forest | |||
B.B. King Birthplace | Berclair | |||
B.B. King's Roots | Kilmichael | |||
Baptist Town | Greenwood | |||
Beale Town Bound | Hernando | |||
Big Jack Johnson | Clarksdale | |||
Big Joe Williams | Crawford | |||
Big Walter Horton | Horn Lake | |||
Biloxi Blues | Biloxi | |||
Birthplace Of The Blues? | Dockery Plantation | |||
Black Prairie Blues | Macon | |||
Blue Front Cafe | Bentonia | |||
Blue Room | Vicksburg | |||
Blues and Jazz in the Pass | Pass Christian | |||
Blues Deejays | Greenwood | |||
Blues Legends of Duncan | Duncan | |||
Bo Diddley | McComb | |||
Bobby Rush | Jackson | |||
Broadcasting the Blues | Gulfport | |||
Brookhaven Blues | Brookhaven | |||
Bud Scott | Natchez | |||
Buddy Guy | Lettsworth, Louisiana | |||
Bukka White | Houston | |||
Cahors, France | Cahors, France | |||
Calhoun County Blues | Bruce | |||
Casey Jones | Water Valley | |||
Cassandra Wilson | Jackson | |||
Charles Evers | Fayette | |||
Charley Patton Birthplace | Bolton | |||
Charley Patton gravesite | Holly Ridge | Blues singers Asie Payton and Willie James Foster are also buried at this cemetery with Charley Patton. | ||
Charlie Musselwhite | Kosciusko | |||
Choctaw County Blues | Weir | |||
Chrisman Street | Cleveland | |||
Church Street | Indianola | |||
Clinton's Blues Legacy | Clinton | |||
Club Desire | Canton | |||
Club Ebony | Indianola | |||
Columbus - Catfish Alley | Columbus | |||
Corner of 10 and 61 | Leland | |||
Cotton Pickin Blues | Hopson | |||
Delta Blues Museum | Clarksdale | |||
Denise LaSalle | Belzoni | |||
Documenting The Blues | Oxford | |||
Dorothy Moore | Jackson | |||
Ealey Brothers | Natchez | |||
Eddie Shaw | Benoit | |||
Eddie Taylor | Benoit | |||
Edwards Hotel | Jackson | |||
Elks Hart Lodge No. 640 | Greenwood | |||
Elmore James | Ebenezer | |||
Elvis Presley and the Blues | Tupelo | |||
Fred McDowell | Como | Two other Blues Trail markers are in the same area with this marker that honors Othar Turner and Napolian Strickland. | ||
Freedom Village | Greenville | |||
Furry Lewis | Greenwood | |||
Gatemouth Moore | Yazoo City | |||
Gold Coast | Flowood | |||
Gospel Music and the Blues | Cleveland | Reverend C.L. Franklin, father of R&B singer Aretha Franklin, preached his first trial sermon at St. Peter's Rock M.B. Church, where this Blues Trail marker is located. [7] | ||
Grammy Awards | Los Angeles, California | |||
Grammy Museum Mississippi | Cleveland | |||
Greasy Street | Ruleville | |||
Grenada Blues | Grenada | |||
Guitar Slim | Shellmound | |||
Gulfport Boogie | Gulfport | |||
H. C. Speir | Jackson | |||
Harlem Inn | Winstonville | |||
Harold "Hardface" Clanton | Tunica | |||
Henry Townsend | Shelby | |||
Hi-Hat Club | Hattiesburg | |||
Hickory Street (The Hollow) | Canton | |||
Highway 61 Blues | Robinsonville | |||
Hill Country Blues | Holly Springs | |||
Holmes County Blues (Lexington) | Lexington | |||
Holmes County Blues (Tchula) | Tchula | |||
HoneyBoy Edwards | Shaw | |||
Hot Tamales And The Blues | Rosedale | |||
Houston Stackhouse | Wesson | |||
Howlin' Wolf | West Point | |||
Hubert Sumlin | Greenwood | |||
Ike Turner | Clarksdale | |||
Ishmon Bracey | Jackson | Ishmon Bracey is buried at Willow Park Cemetery, which is located across the street from the Blues Trail marker. | ||
J.B. Lenoir | Monticello | |||
Jack Owens | Bentonia | |||
James Cotton | Clayton | |||
Jessie Mae Hemphill | Senatobia | Jessie Mae Hemphill is buried at Senatobia Memorial Cemetery. | ||
Jimmie Lunceford | Fulton | |||
James "Son" Thomas | Leland | |||
Jimmie Rodgers | Meridian | |||
Jimmy Reed | Dunleith | |||
Jimmy Rogers | Ruleville | |||
Joe Callicott | Nesbit | |||
John Lee Hooker | Vance | |||
Johnny Winter | Leland | |||
Jones County Blues | Laurel | |||
Junior Kimbrough | Holly Springs | This is Blues Trail Marker #215, unveiled on February 21, 2024, along with Blues Trail Marker #214 honoring R. L. Burnside. | ||
Lil Green | Port Gibson | |||
Little Brother Montgomery | Brookhaven | |||
Little Junior Parker | Bobo | |||
Little Milton | Inverness | |||
Liverpool | Liverpool, England | |||
Livin' at Lula | Lula | |||
Magic Sam | Grenada | |||
Magic Slim | Grenada | |||
Malaco Records | Jackson | |||
Marcus Bottom | Vicksburg | |||
McCoy Brothers | Raymond | |||
Memphis Minnie | Walls | |||
Meridian Blues and Jazz [8] | Corner of 5th Street & 25th Avenue Meridian | More than 30 musicians are acknowledged at this marker including Alvin Fielder and Eddie Houston. It is located on the former site of the Fielder & Brooks Pharmacy, which Fielder's father (Alvin Fielder Sr., also a musician) started in 1934. | ||
Meridian R&B and Soul | Meridian | |||
Mississippi Gulf Coast Blues Festival | Pascagoula | |||
Mississippi John Hurt | Avalon | |||
Mississippi River Blues: The 1927 Flood | Scott | |||
Mississippi to Alabama | Muscle Shoals, Alabama | |||
Mississippi To Chicago | Chicago, Illinois | |||
Blues Trail: Mississippi to Florida | Tallahassee, Florida | ] | ||
Mississippi to Helena | Helena, Arkansas | ] | ||
Mississippi to Louisiana | Ferriday, Louisiana | |||
Mississippi to Maine | Rockland, Maine | |||
Mississippi To Memphis | Memphis, Tennessee | |||
Mose Allison | Tippo | |||
Mosley & Johnson | New Albany | |||
Moss Point Blues | Moss Point | |||
Mound Bayou Blues | Mound Bayou | |||
Muddy Waters | Rolling Fork | |||
Muddy Waters' cabin site | Clarksdale | |||
Napolian Strickland | Como | Two other Blues Trail markers are in the same area with this marker that honors Othar Turner and Fred McDowell. | ||
Natchez Burning (Natchez Rhythm Club) | Natchez | |||
Nelson Street | Greenville | |||
Newton County Blues | Newton | This Blues Trail Marker is located near the historic Alabama & Vicksburg Railroad Depot. | ||
Norway | Notodden, Telemark, Norway | |||
Ocean Springs Blues | Ocean Springs | |||
Oktibbeha County Blues | Starkville | |||
Otha Turner | Como | Two other Blues Trail markers are in the same area with this marker that honors Napolian Strickland and Fred McDowell. | ||
Otis Clay | Waxhaw | |||
Otis Rush | Philadelphia | |||
Otis Spann & Little Johnny Jones | Jackson | |||
Overton Park Shell | Memphis, Tennessee | This is the 213th Mississippi Blues Trail marker, dedicated on September 23, 2023 | ||
Oxford & Lafayette County Blues | Oxford | |||
Papa Lightfoot | Natchez | |||
Paramount Records | Grafton, Wisconsin | |||
Paramount Records & F.W. Boerner Company | Port Washington, Wisconsin | |||
Parchman Blues | Parchman | |||
Peavey Electronics | Meridian | |||
Peavine | Boyle | |||
Pensacola Blues | Pensacola, Florida | |||
Pinetop Perkins | Belzoni | |||
Piney Woods School | Piney Woods | |||
Po' Monkey's | Merigold | |||
Pontotoc County Blues | Pontotoc | |||
Pops Staples | Winona | |||
Prince McCoy | Greenville | |||
Queen City Hotel & 7th Avenue | Columbus | |||
Queen of Hearts | Jackson | |||
Rabbit Foot Minstrels | Port Gibson | |||
Ralph Lembo | Itta Bena | |||
Rediscovery of Son House | Rochester, New York | |||
Red Tops | Vicksburg | |||
Riverside Hotel | Clarksdale | |||
Riley B. King | Indianola | |||
R. L. Burnside | Holly Springs | This is Blues Trail Marker #214, unveiled on February 21, 2024, along with Blues Trail Marker #215 honoring Junior Kimbrough. | ||
Robert Johnson birthplace | Hazlehurst | |||
Robert Johnson gravesite | Greenwood | |||
Robert Nighthawk | Friars Point | |||
Rocket "88" | Lyon | |||
Roma Wilson & Leon Pinson | New Albany | |||
Roots of Rock And Roll | Hattiesburg | |||
Rosedale | Rosedale | |||
Rubin Lacy | Pelahatchie | |||
Ruby's Nite Spot | Leland | |||
Rufus Thomas | Cayce | |||
Sam Chatmon | Hollandale | |||
Sam Cooke | Clarksdale | |||
Scott Radio Service Company | Jackson | |||
Shake Rag | Tupelo | |||
Sid Hemphill | Senatobia | |||
Skip James | Bentonia | |||
Son House | Clack | |||
Sonny Boy Williamson | Glendora | |||
Sonny Boy Williamson In Helena | Helena | |||
Subway Lounge | Jackson | |||
Summit Street | McComb | |||
Sunflower River Blues & Gospel Festival | Clarksdale | |||
Sunnyland Slim: Quitman County Blues | Lambert | |||
Tate County Blues | Coldwater | |||
The Alamo Theatre/Dorothy Moore | Jackson | |||
The Blues Foundation | Memphis, Tennessee | |||
The Chatmon Family/Mississippi Sheiks | Bolton | |||
The Dickinson Family | Hernando | |||
The Enlightenment of W.C. Handy | Cleveland | |||
The Hollywood Cafe | Robinsonville | |||
The New World | Clarksdale | |||
The Staple Singers | Drew | |||
Tommy Johnson | Crystal Springs | |||
Tommy McClennan | Yazoo City | |||
Trumpet Records | Jackson | |||
Turner's Drug Store | Belzoni | |||
Two Steps From The Blues | Ackerman | Texas Johnny Brown, [9] a native of Ackerman, Mississippi, wrote the blues song "Two Steps from the Blues". | ||
Tyrone Davis | Leland | |||
W.C. Handy Birthplace | Florence, Alabama | |||
Wade Walton | Clarksdale | |||
W.C. Handy Encounters The Blues | Tutwiler | |||
WGRM Radio Studio | Greenwood | |||
"Where The Southern Cross The Dog" | Moorhead | |||
William R. Ferris | Vicksburg | |||
Willie Dixon | Vicksburg | |||
Willie Mitchell | Ashland | |||
Woodville Blues | Woodville | |||
WROX | Clarksdale |
Sunflower County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,971. Its largest city and county seat is Indianola.
Belzoni is a city in Humphreys County, Mississippi, United States, in the Mississippi Delta region, on the Yazoo River. The population was 2,235 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Humphreys County. It was named for the 19th-century Italian archaeologist/explorer Giovanni Battista Belzoni.
Greenwood is a city in and the county seat of Leflore County, Mississippi, United States, located at the eastern edge of the Mississippi Delta region, approximately 96 miles north of the state capital, Jackson, and 130 miles south of the riverport of Memphis, Tennessee. It was a center of cotton planter culture in the 19th century.
Indianola is a city in and the county seat of Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States, in the Mississippi Delta. The population was 10,683 at the 2010 census.
Riley B. King, known professionally as B. B. King, was an American blues guitarist, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He introduced a sophisticated style of soloing based on fluid string bending, shimmering vibrato, and staccato picking that influenced many later blues electric guitar players. AllMusic recognized King as "the single most important electric guitarist of the last half of the 20th century".
Mississippi is best known as the home of the blues which developed among the freed African Americans in the latter half of the 19th century and beginning 20th century. The Delta blues is the style most closely associated with the state, and includes performers like Charley Patton, Robert Johnson, David "Honeyboy" Edwards, Willie Brown, Tommy Johnson, Ishmon Bracey, Bo Carter, Sam Chatmon, Mississippi John Hurt, Furry Lewis, Son House, Skip James, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, John Lee Hooker, Pinetop Perkins, Albert King and B.B. King.
Charlie Patton, more often spelled Charley Patton, was an American Delta blues musician and songwriter. Considered by many to be the "Father of the Delta Blues", he created an enduring body of American music and inspired most Delta blues musicians. The musicologist Robert Palmer considered him one of the most important American musicians of the twentieth century.
Booker T. Washington "Bukka" White was an American Delta blues guitarist and singer. His first full-length biography, The Life and Music of Booker "Bukka" White: Recalling the Blues (2024), has been published by the University Press of Mississippi.
Albert Nelson, known by his stage name Albert King, was an American guitarist and singer who is often regarded as one of the greatest and most influential blues guitarists of all time. He is perhaps best known for his popular and influential album Born Under a Bad Sign (1967) and its title track. He, B. B. King, and Freddie King, all unrelated, were known as the "Three Kings of the Blues". The left-handed Albert King was known for his "deep, dramatic sound that was widely imitated by both blues and rock guitarists".
The Chitlin' Circuit was a collection of performance venues found throughout the eastern, southern, and upper Midwest areas of the United States. They provided commercial and cultural acceptance for African-American musicians, comedians, and other entertainers following the era of venues run by the "white-owned-and-operated Theatre Owners Booking Association (TOBA)...formed in 1921." The Chitlin Circuit sustained black musicians and dancers during the era of racial segregation in the United States from the 1930s through the 1960s.
Holly Ridge is an unincorporated community in Sunflower County, Mississippi. It is located in the Mississippi Delta, approximately five miles west of Indianola.
Dockery Plantation was a 25,600-acre (104 km2) cotton plantation and sawmill in Dockery, Mississippi, on the Sunflower River between Ruleville and Cleveland, Mississippi. It is widely regarded as the place where Delta blues music was born. Blues musicians resident at Dockery included Charley Patton, Robert Johnson and Howlin' Wolf. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
Trumpet Records was an American record company founded by Lillian McMurry in Jackson, Mississippi in 1951. Although it existed for only four years, it was influential.
Indianola Mississippi Seeds is B. B. King's eighteenth studio album. It was released in October 1970 on ABC Records on LP and May 1989 on MCA Records on CD. On this album B. B. King mixed elements of blues and rock music. Producer Bill Szymczyk decided to follow up on the success of the hit "The Thrill Is Gone" by matching King with a musical all-star cast. The result was one of King's most critically acclaimed albums and one of the most highly regarded blues crossover albums of all time.
The Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame, headquartered in Clinton, Mississippi, honors Mississippi's famous musicians. It is a "Who's Who" of the blues, rock and roll, and jazz from their beginnings to present day. The organization's museum is located in the Jackson–Evers International Airport in Jackson, Mississippi.
The Blue Front Café is a historic old juke joint made of cinder block in Bentonia, Mississippi on Highway 49, approximately 30 miles northwest of Jackson, which played an important role in the development of the blues in Mississippi. The café has been given a marker and officially placed on the Mississippi Blues Trail. It is owned by blues musician Jimmy "Duck" Holmes.
William Alfred Dockery was an American landowner who built from scratch the Dockery Plantation, the famous home of such original Delta blues musicians as Charley Patton, Robert Johnson, Son House, Howlin' Wolf, Willie Brown, Tommy Johnson, and Pops Staples.
The B.B. King Museum and Delta Interpretive Center is a museum in Indianola, Mississippi dedicated to the Delta blues and music legend B.B. King.
The Sunflower River Blues & Gospel Festival is an annual music festival in Clarksdale, Mississippi. It is held the second weekend in August, lasting three days. Created as the Sunflower Riverbank Blues Festival in 1988, the festival features veteran and homegrown performers, attracting blues enthusiast from all over the world. Headliners have included Otis Rush, Ike Turner, Little Milton, Bobby Bland, Bobby Rush, Koko Taylor, Denise LaSalle, Super Chikan, and Robert Plant.
More than 30 musicians, King noted, are recognized on the marker -- the 198th to be unveiled along the Mississippi Blues Trail.