Greenwood, Mississippi

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Greenwood, Mississippi
City
Greenwood, Mississippi (2022).jpg
Howard Street in Greenwood
Flag of Greenwood, Mississippi.png
Flag
Seal of Greenwood, Mississippi.png
Seal
Leflore County Mississippi Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Greenwood Highlighted.svg
Location of Greenwood, Mississippi
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Red pog.svg
Greenwood, Mississippi
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 33°31′07″N90°12′02″W / 33.51861°N 90.20056°W / 33.51861; -90.20056
CountryUnited States
State Mississippi
County Leflore
Government
 •  Mayor Carolyn McAdams (I) [1]
Area
[2]
 • Total
12.69 sq mi (302.87 km2)
 • Land12.34 sq mi (301.95 km2)
 • Water0.36 sq mi (0.92 km2)
Elevation
[3]
128 ft (39 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
14,490
 • Density1,174.71/sq mi (453.56/km2)
Time zone UTC−6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
38930, 38935
Area code 662
FIPS code 28-29340
GNIS feature ID2403757 [3]
Website www.greenwoodms.com

Greenwood is a city in and the county seat of Leflore County, Mississippi, United States, [4] located at the eastern edge of the Mississippi Delta region, approximately 96 miles north of the state capital, Jackson, and 130 miles south of the riverport of Memphis, Tennessee. It was a center of cotton planter culture in the 19th century.

Contents

The population was 15,205 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Greenwood Micropolitan Statistical Area. Greenwood developed at the confluence of the Tallahatchie and the Yalobusha rivers, which form the Yazoo River.

History

Howard Street Howard.street.greenwood.ms.postcard.jpg
Howard Street
Front Street buildings along the Yazoo River Front Street buildings along the Yazoo River.jpg
Front Street buildings along the Yazoo River

European settlement

The first Euro-American settlement on the banks of the Yazoo River was a trading post founded in 1834 by Colonel Dr. John J. Dilliard [5] : 7  and known as Dilliard's Landing. The settlement had competition from Greenwood Leflore's rival landing called Point Leflore, located three miles up the Yazoo River. The rivalry ended when Captain James Dilliard donated parcels in exchange for a commitment from the townsmen to maintain an all-weather turnpike to the hill section to the east, along with a stagecoach road to the more established settlements to the northwest. [6]

The settlement was incorporated as "Greenwood" in 1844, named after Chief Greenwood LeFlore. The success of the city, founded during a strong international demand for cotton, was based on its strategic location in the heart of the Delta: on the easternmost point of the alluvial plain, and astride the Tallahatchie and Yazoo rivers. The city served as a shipping point for cotton to major markets in New Orleans, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri. [7]

The construction of railroads through the area in the 1880s revitalized the city; [5] : 8  two rail lines ran to downtown Greenwood close to the Yazoo River, and shortened transportation to markets. Greenwood again emerged as a prime shipping point for cotton. Downtown's Front Street, bordering the Yazoo, was dominated by cotton factors and related businesses, earning that section the name "Cotton Row".

20th century

The city continued to prosper well into the 1940s. Cotton production suffered in Mississippi during the infestation of the boll weevil in the early 20th century; however, for many years the bridge over the Yazoo displayed the sign "World's Largest Inland Long Staple Cotton Market".

Cotton cultivation and processing became largely mechanized in the first half of the 20th century, displacing thousands of sharecroppers and tenant farmers. Since the late 20th century, some Mississippi farmers have begun to replace cotton with corn and soybeans as commodity crops; with the textile manufacturing industry having shifted overseas, farmers can gain stronger prices for the newer crops, used mostly as animal feed. [8]

Greenwood's Grand Boulevard was once named one of America's 10 most beautiful streets by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce and the Garden Clubs of America. Sally Humphreys Gwin, a charter member of the Greenwood Garden Club, planted the 1,000 oak trees that line Grand Boulevard. In 1950, Gwin received a citation from the National Congress of the Daughters of the American Revolution in recognition of her work in the conservation of trees. [9] [10]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.5 square miles (25 km2), of which 9.2 square miles (24 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) is water.

Climate

Climate data for Greenwood, Mississippi (Greenwood–Leflore Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)84
(29)		84
(29)		88
(31)		94
(34)		100
(38)		104
(40)		105
(41)		106
(41)		103
(39)		100
(38)		89
(32)		85
(29)		106
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)73.9
(23.3)		76.7
(24.8)		82.8
(28.2)		86.8
(30.4)		91.7
(33.2)		95.0
(35.0)		97.9
(36.6)		98.8
(37.1)		96.0
(35.6)		89.9
(32.2)		81.8
(27.7)		75.7
(24.3)		99.8
(37.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)54.2
(12.3)		58.8
(14.9)		67.2
(19.6)		75.2
(24.0)		82.9
(28.3)		89.1
(31.7)		91.5
(33.1)		91.9
(33.3)		87.3
(30.7)		77.3
(25.2)		65.7
(18.7)		57.1
(13.9)		74.8
(23.8)
Daily mean °F (°C)44.4
(6.9)		48.3
(9.1)		56.1
(13.4)		64.0
(17.8)		72.3
(22.4)		79.0
(26.1)		81.5
(27.5)		81.1
(27.3)		75.6
(24.2)		64.9
(18.3)		53.8
(12.1)		47.1
(8.4)		64.0
(17.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)34.7
(1.5)		37.9
(3.3)		45.1
(7.3)		52.8
(11.6)		61.7
(16.5)		68.8
(20.4)		71.6
(22.0)		70.4
(21.3)		63.8
(17.7)		52.4
(11.3)		41.9
(5.5)		37.0
(2.8)		53.2
(11.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C)16.6
(−8.6)		21.4
(−5.9)		27.0
(−2.8)		35.8
(2.1)		46.5
(8.1)		58.6
(14.8)		63.9
(17.7)		61.9
(16.6)		48.0
(8.9)		33.9
(1.1)		25.7
(−3.5)		21.5
(−5.8)		14.6
(−9.7)
Record low °F (°C)−2
(−19)		−4
(−20)		15
(−9)		28
(−2)		35
(2)		49
(9)		53
(12)		52
(11)		35
(2)		27
(−3)		15
(−9)		2
(−17)		−4
(−20)
Average precipitation inches (mm)4.52
(115)		5.04
(128)		4.76
(121)		5.82
(148)		4.44
(113)		3.74
(95)		3.82
(97)		3.21
(82)		3.83
(97)		3.41
(87)		3.86
(98)		5.33
(135)		51.78
(1,315)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)9.610.010.78.99.89.09.38.26.07.48.310.2107.4
Source: NOAA [11] [12]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1880 308—
1890 1,055242.5%
1900 3,026186.8%
1910 5,83692.9%
1920 7,79333.5%
1930 11,12342.7%
1940 14,76732.8%
1950 18,06122.3%
1960 20,43613.1%
1970 22,4009.6%
1980 20,115−10.2%
1990 18,906−6.0%
2000 18,425−2.5%
2010 15,205−17.5%
2020 14,490−4.7%
U.S. Decennial Census [13]

2020 census

Greenwood Racial Composition [14]
RaceNum.Perc.
White 3,64625.16%
Black or African American 10,19870.38%
Native American 70.05%
Asian 1541.06%
Other/Mixed 2761.9%
Hispanic or Latino 2091.44%

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 14,490 people, 4,924 households, and 2,793 families residing in the city.

2010 census

At the 2010 census, [15] there were 15,205 people and 6,022 households in the city. The population density was 1,237.7 inhabitants per square mile (477.9/km2). There were 6,759 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 30.4% White, 67.0% Black, 0.1% Native American, 0.9% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, <0.1% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

Among the 6,022 households, 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.8% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.16.

Arts and culture

Mississippi Blues Trail markers

WGRM Radio Studio Blues Trail marker WGRMRadioStudioBluesTrailMarker.jpg
WGRM Radio Studio Blues Trail marker

Radio station WGRM on Howard Street was the location of B.B. King's first live broadcast in 1940. On Sunday nights, King performed live gospel music as part of a quartet. [16] In memory of this event, the Mississippi Blues Trail has placed its third historic marker in this town at the site of the former radio station. [17] [18] Another Mississippi Blues Trail marker is placed near the grave of the blues singer Robert Johnson. [19] A third Blues Trail marker notes the Elks Lodge in the city, which was an important black organization. [20] A fourth Blues Trail marker was dedicated to Hubert Sumlin that is located along the Yazoo River on River Road. [21]

Government

Local government

Greenwood is governed under a city council form of government, composed of council members elected from seven single-member wards and headed by a mayor, who is elected at-large.

Education

Greenwood Leflore Consolidated School District (GLCSD) operates public schools. Previously the majority of the city was in Greenwood Public School District while small portions were in the Leflore County School District. [22] These two districts consolidated into GLCSD on July 1, 2019. [23] Greenwood High School is the only public high school in Greenwood. As of 2014, the student body is 99% black. Amanda Elzy High School, outside of the Greenwood city limits, was formerly of the Leflore County district. It was recently taken over by the State of Mississippi for poor performance as a result of deficient leadership.

Pillow Academy, a private school, is located in unincorporated Leflore County, near Greenwood.

Delta Streets Academy, a newly founded private school located in downtown Greenwood, has an enrollment of nearly 50 students. It has continued to increase enrollment.

St. Francis Catholic School, run by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jackson, provides classes from kindergarten through sixth grade. [24]

In addition, North New Summit School provides educational services for special-needs and at-risk children from kindergarten through high school.

Media

Newspapers, magazines and journals

Television

AM/FM radio

Filming location

Nightmare in Badham County (1976), Ode to Billy Joe (1976), and The Help (2011) were filmed in Greenwood. [25] The 1991 movie Mississippi Masala was also set and filmed in Greenwood. [26]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Railroads

Greenwood is served by two major rail lines. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Greenwood, connecting New Orleans to Chicago from Greenwood station.

Air transportation

Greenwood is served by Greenwood–Leflore Airport (GWO) to the east, and is located midway between Jackson, Mississippi, and Memphis, Tennessee. It is about halfway between Dallas, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia.

Highways

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

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  2. ↑ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  3. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Greenwood, Mississippi
  4. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  5. 1 2 Donny Whitehead; Mary Carol Miller (September 14, 2009). Greenwood. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN   978-0-7385-6786-0 . Retrieved May 13, 2013.
  6. ↑ Smith, Frank E. (1954). The Yazoo River. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57-58. ISBN   0-87805-355-7
  7. ↑ "Greenwood, Mississippi | Advisory Council on Historic Preservation". www.achp.gov. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
  8. ↑ Krauss, Clifford. "Mississippi Farmers Trade Cotton Plantings for Corn", The New York Times, May 5, 2009
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  42. ↑ Sal Maiorana (January 2005). Memorable Stories of Buffalo Bills Football. Sports Publishing LLC. p. 82. ISBN   978-1-58261-963-7.
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  55. ↑ Bob McCann (2010). Encyclopedia of African American Actresses in Film and Television. McFarland. p. 314. ISBN   978-0-7864-5804-2.
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