This article possibly contains original research .(January 2017) |
Motihari | |
---|---|
City | |
Nickname: Lake city | |
Coordinates: 26°39′00″N84°55′00″E / 26.65000°N 84.91667°E | |
Country | India |
State | Bihar |
District | East Champaran |
Ward(s) | 46 |
Founded by | Moti singh & Hari singh |
Named for | Champak’ and ‘Aranya’. |
Government | |
• Type | Municipal corporation |
• Body | Motihari Municipal Corporation [1] |
• MLA | Pramod Kumar (BJP) [2] |
• Mayor | Preeti Kumari |
Area | |
• Total | 236.97 km2 (91.49 sq mi) |
• Rank | 04 |
Elevation | 62 m (203 ft) |
Population (2011) [3] | |
• Total | 426,158 |
• Density | 1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi) |
Demonym(s) | Motiharivashi, Champaran vashi |
Language | |
• Official | Hindi [4] |
• Additional official | Urdu [4] |
• Regional | Bhojpuri [5] |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 845401, [6] 845435, 845437 |
Telephone code | 06252 |
ISO 3166 code | IN-BR |
Vehicle registration | BR-05 |
Lok Sabha constituency | Purvi Champaran |
Vidhan Sabha constituency | Motihari |
Website | eastchamparan |
Motihari is a city and headquarters of East Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located 80 kilometres west of Muzaffarpur and 152 kilometres northwest of the state capital Patna. In early days the land of Motihari was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.
Motihari is located on 26°39' N and 84°55' E in northwestern Bihar. [7] It is about 165 km (103 mi) northwest from the state capital Patna, 45 km (28 mi) from Bettiah, 72 km (45 mi) from Muzaffarpur, 32 km (20 mi) from Chakia, 40 km (25 mi) from Mehsi, and 75 km (47 mi) from Sitamarhi. It is on the east bank of a lake, about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Bettiah.
The topography of Motihari has been described as scenic, with the "stunning beauty" (in classical terms) of Moti Jheel Lake dividing the town in two halves. [8]
In Gangan Lit-Mag (Gangway Literary Magazine), Austria, wrote Anant Kumar: "The playgrounds of my childhood were the streets of Motihari. Back then that little East Indian town was not overpopulated, and the dry, clean streets of every part of town were ideal for our games: marbles, tops, badminton. And back then Motihari was a wide distance away from the big world. There were very many mango and lichee trees, fragrant lemon bushes, broad, large fields…and very few people. There were scattered decrepit hawelis and bungalows, in which frightening bhuts, geniis and juraels dwelled." [9]
The Gandhi Sangrahalaya has a wide collection of relics and photographs of the Champaran Satyagraha. The Gandhian Memorial Pillar was designed by Nand Lal Bose, a famous artist of Shantiniketan. [10] The foundation stone of the pillar was laid on 10 June 1972 by the then Governor, D. K. Barooch. It is a 48-foot (15 m) tall stone pillar and is situated at the same site where Mahatma Gandhi was presented in court.
Climate is characterised by high temperatures and precipitation mainly occurring during the Monsoon Season [June to September]. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Cwa" (Humid Subtropical). The highest maximum temperature ever recorded in Motihari was 44.4 °C on May 24, 1903, while the lowest minimum temperature ever recorded in Motihari was 0.0 °C on February 3, 1905. [11] The heaviest rainfall recorded in 24 hours in Motihari was 520 mm on 25 August 2005.
Climate data for Motihari | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) | 35.6 (96.1) | 42.9 (109.2) | 42.2 (108.0) | 44.4 (111.9) | 43.3 (109.9) | 42.8 (109.0) | 40.5 (104.9) | 40.5 (104.9) | 38.4 (101.1) | 35.6 (96.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 44.4 (111.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) | 25.2 (77.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 35.3 (95.5) | 35.7 (96.3) | 34.8 (94.6) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.5 (88.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 30.5 (86.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.9 (73.2) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 26.1 (79.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 17.1 (62.8) | 24.4 (75.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) | 10.5 (50.9) | 14.8 (58.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.0 (73.4) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.5 (77.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 20.7 (69.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 18.5 (65.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 5.6 (42.1) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.7 (56.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 18.9 (66.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 18.4 (65.1) | 11.4 (52.5) | 6.4 (43.5) | 1.7 (35.1) | 0.0 (32.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 12.2 (0.48) | 14.3 (0.56) | 9.1 (0.36) | 24.6 (0.97) | 51.9 (2.04) | 215.0 (8.46) | 366.4 (14.43) | 289.6 (11.40) | 247.6 (9.75) | 50.8 (2.00) | 4.2 (0.17) | 4.7 (0.19) | 1,290.4 (50.80) |
Average rainy days | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 8.5 | 13.8 | 11.6 | 8.8 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 53.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 69.0 | 58.0 | 49.0 | 46.0 | 52.0 | 68.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 79.0 | 73.0 | 71.0 | 70.0 | 66.0 |
Source: Indian Meteorological Department |
As of 2011 Indian Census, Motihari had a total population of 126,158, of which 67,861 were males and 58,297 were females, with a sex ratio of 859. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 16,870. The total number of literates in Motihari was 92,798, which constituted 73.6% of the population with male literacy of 76.2% and female literacy of 70.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Motihari was 84.9%, of which male literacy rate was 88.1% and female literacy rate was 81.2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 7,373 and 333 respectively. Motihari had 22,224 households in 2011. [3]
As of 2001 [update] India census, the population of Motihari in 2011 was 101,506, of which male and female were 54,629 and 46,877, respectively. The sex ratio of Motihari city is 858 per 1,000 males. Total literates in Motihari city are 69,576 of which 40,265 were males while 29,311 were females. The crude literacy rate of 68.5% and effective literacy (7+ population) per cent of 80.3%. The children aged 0–6 in Motihari city are 14,910, as per the Census India report, in 2001, with 7,811 males and 7,099 females. The child sex ratio of girls is 909 per 1,000 boys. [12]
The city hosts a number of institutes and universities for higher education supported by both state and central governments.
Vallabha was born in a Telugu Tailang Brahmin family that was residing in Motihari. They escaped to Kashi of United Provinces state while expecting a Muslim invasion in Varanasi during the late 15th century.[2]
Motihari, at that time simply called Champaran, was close to Mahatma Gandhi. He came to Motihari on April 15, [30] 1917 [31] with Raj Kumar Shukla to start the Satyagraha movement in Champaran, known as Champaran Satyagraha, which concerned the exploitations of farmers. [32] [33] Gandhi with his supporters held a big campaign in Champaran. [34] His frequent visits to Champaran and its local areas showed the Gandhi's connection with land. He also understood the cultural and social backwardness of the area, he acted immediately by creating schools and ashrams. [35]
West Champaran is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India, located just 60 km (37 mi) west of Birgunj. It is the largest district in Bihar with an area of 5,228 km2(2,019sq mi). It is a part of Tirhut Division. The district headquarters are located in Bettiah. The district is known for its open border with Nepal. One of the major location in West Champaran is Kumar Bagh for SAIL Special Processing Unit and Bhitiharwa where Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah Aandolan.
East Champaran or Purvi Champaran is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India.The district headquarter is located at Motihari. Prior to 1971, there was a single Champaran District. On 1 December 1971, it was divided into East and West Champaran. In early days the land of East Chamapran was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.
Bettiah is a city and the administrative headquarters of West Champaran district - (Tirhut). It is near the Indo-Nepal border, 225 kilometres (140 mi) northwest of Patna, in the state of Bihar, India.
Champaran is a region in Bihar, India. It is now divided into two districts: East Champaran and West Champaran.
Tirhut Division or Tirhut Commissionary is an administrative-geographical unit of Bihar in India. Muzaffarpur is the headquarters of the division. It comprises six districts: Muzaffarpur, West Champaran, East Champaran, Vaishali, Sitamarhi and Sheohar.
The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in British India and is considered a historically important rebellion in the Indian independence movement. It was a farmer's uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar in the Indian subcontinent, during the [British colonial period]. The farmers were protesting against having to grow indigo with barely any payment for it.
Sugauli is a city and a notified area in East Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. Best known for Treaty of Sagauli, 1816 between the British and Gurkhas and role played in the Satyagraha Movement of Mahatma Gandhi, it is also the setting for Rudyard Kipling's story "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi", and the place where a treaty was signed with Nepal in 1816.
Satyendra Narayan Sinha was an Indian politician and statesman, participant in the Indian independence movement, a leading light of Jaya Prakash Narayan's ‘complete revolution’ movement during the Emergency and a former Chief Minister of Bihar. Affectionately called Chhote Saheb, he was also a seven-time Member of Parliament from the Aurangabad constituency, a three-term Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly, and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Council once. Regarded to be one of India's most influential regional people of the time, his reputation was synonymous with being a strict disciplinarian and tough taskmaster.
Anugrah Narayan Sinha, known as Bihar Vibhuti, was an Indian nationalist statesman, participant in Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhian & one of the architects of modern Bihar, who was the first Deputy Chief Minister and the Finance Minister of the Indian state of Bihar (1946–1957). He was also a Member of the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected to write the Constitution of India and served in its first Parliament as an independent nation. He also held a range of portfolios including Labour, Local Self Government, Public Works, Supply & Price Control, Health and Agriculture. A.N. Sinha, affectionately called Anugrah Babu, was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi during the freedom movement and worked with Bihar Kesari Sri Krishna Sinha to lead the Gandhian movement in Bihar. One of the leading nationalists in the Indian independence movement from Bihar after Dr Rajendra Prasad, he was elected as the Congress Party deputy leader in the state assembly to assume office as the first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of independent Bihar, and re-elected when the Congress Party won Bihar's first general election with a massive mandate in 1952.
Dhaka is a town and a notified area in the district of East Champaran entry point Mehsi in the state of Bihar, India. Dhaka is Nagar Parishad that is divided into 25 wards. It is the headquarters of Sikrahana subdivision. In the last 10–15 years Dhaka emerged as the town for its nearby area. It is very close to the border of Nepal. People of all religions live here, but this is a predominantly Muslim area. Its land is second cheapest after Raxaul in Bihar. There are both criminal and civil courts dealing with cases for the whole jurisdiction. There are two graduate degree level colleges in Dhaka. There are busy and bustling markets here that offers goods of all brands.
Raj Kumar Shukla was the person who convinced Mahatma Gandhi to visit Champaran which later led to the Champaran Satyagraha. Shukla at the time paid well to work under Hafiz Din Mohammad and was sent to meet Gandhi.
Dhaka is an assembly constituency in the Indian state of Bihar, in East Champaran district.
Ramesh Chandra Jha was an Indian poet, novelist and freedom fighter. Son of a senior gandhian and freedom fighter Lakshmi Narayan Jha, who also contributed in Indian Freedom Struggle from Bihar. His maternal grandson Sanjeev K Jha is well-known Screenwriter who is working in Indian film industry. Ramesh Chandra Jha's poems, ghazals and stories evoke patriotism and human values. Romanticism and struggle of life are also important aspects of his writing. His poetry expresses concerns of people's life struggle, their dreams and hopes.
Motihari is the headquarters of East Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar.
The statue of Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi Maidan, Patna, is a public monument of India's father of Nation Mahatma Gandhi. The statue is the world's tallest bronze statue of Mahatma Gandhi. It was unveiled on 15 February 2013 by the then chief minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar. It was established by Government of Bihar at a cost of ₹35 crore. The second tallest Gandhi statue turuvanur Chitradurga taluk and district karnataka
Rajepur Nawada is a village in the East Champaran District of Bihar.
Bapudham Motihari Railway Station is a major railway station in Motihari through which 2 lines pass one towards Muzaffarpur and other towards Sitamarhi via Sheohar, it lies in the headquarter city of East Champaran district of Bihar. Its station code is BMKI. The station mainly consists of four platforms and acts as the main station in the city of Motihari, which is being developed under 'The Amrit Bharat Station Scheme' and to celebrate 150 years of Mahatama Gandhi. In February 2022, the Indian Railways had planned to set up a railway station Development Corporation (RSDC) that would work on improving the major railway stations, including Bapudham Motihari, by building and improving passenger amenities.[4] Under the development scheme, major development works are going on Bapudham Motihari. Separate air conditioned waiting lounge, free WiFi facility, IRCTC food court and many facilities are going to be available on Bapudham Motihari at the end of 2024. To enhance the security of this station, a metal detector and baggage handling system will be installed soon.
The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was a satyagraha movement in the Kheda district of Gujarat in India organised by Mahatma Gandhi during the period of the British Raj. It was a major revolt in the Indian independence movement. It was the second Satyagraha movement, which was launched 7 days after the Ahmedabad mill strike. After the successful Satyagraha conducted at Champaran in Bihar, Gandhi organised the movement to support peasants who were unable to pay the revenue because of famine and plague epidemic.
The Tinkathia System or Teen Kathia System, was an economic policy enforced by the East India Company in India. It was practiced largely in Eastern India and in states such as Bihar. The Tinkathia System was challenged by the Champaran Satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi, this in turn became a watershed moment in the Indian independence movement and it was based on that peasants had to grow indigo on the 3 parts of the land out of 20 parts.
Raksha Gupta is an Indian actress. She has worked in Bhojpuri films like Thik Hai, Commando Arjun, Rowdy Inspector, Doli Saja Ke Rakhna ,Shankhnaad.