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Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. Over 190 species are recognized in this genus. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means "fungus," alluding to the way mycobacteria have been observed to grow in a mold-like fashion on the surface of cultures. It is acid fast and cannot be stained by the Gram stain procedure.
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in the genus Mycobacterium. It is often abbreviated M. paratuberculosis or M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis. It is the causative agent of Johne's disease, which affects ruminants such as cattle, and suspected causative agent in human Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The type strain is ATCC 19698.
Mycobacterium aubagnense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium austroafricanum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium avium is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
"Mycobacterium avium hominissuis" is a subspecies of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium bolletii is a bacterial species of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium. It was named in honor of Claude Bollet, a famous clinical microbiologist and taxonomist.
Mycobacterium caprae is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycobacterium and a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Prior to 2003, the species was referred to as Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae. It is also synonymous with the name Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae.
Mycobacterium chubuense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium colombiense is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium diernhoferi is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium fallax is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium genavense is a slow-growing species of the phylum Actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium gordonae is a species of Mycobacterium named for Ruth E. Gordon. It is a species of the phylum actinobacteria, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium that are commonly grouped because they infect humans together; this group, in turn, is part of the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. These bacteria cause disease in humans called Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection or Mycobacterium avium complex infection. These bacteria are common and are found in fresh and salt water, in household dust and in soil. MAC bacteria usually cause infection in those who are immunocompromised or those with severe lung disease.
Mycobacteria that form colonies clearly visible to the naked eye in more than 7 days on subculture are termed slow growers.
Mycobacterium porcinum is a species of Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium novocastrense is a species of Mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium rhodesiae is a species of Mycobacterium.
References
- ↑ THOREL (M.F.), KRICHEVSKY (M.) and LÉVY-FRÉBAULT (V.V.): Numerical taxonomy of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria, emended description of Mycobacterium avium, and description of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subsp. nov., and Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 254-260.
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