Naarda

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Naarda
Naarda xanthonephra1.jpg
Naarda xanthonephra
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Erebidae
Subfamily: Herminiinae
Genus: Naarda
Walker, 1866
Type species
Naarda bisignata
Walker, 1866
Species

Multiple, see text

Synonyms
  • GynaephilaStaudinger, 1892
  • PtyophoraHampson, 1893
  • EublemmaraBethune-Baker, 1911
Uncus structure of the Naarda genus Naarda Uncus.jpg
Uncus structure of the Naarda genus
Naarda xanthonephra profile Naarda xanthonephra.jpg
Naarda xanthonephra profile
Male Naarda ardeola Naarda ardeola male.jpg
Male Naarda ardeola
Female Naarda ardeola Naarda ardeola female.jpg
Female Naarda ardeola
Naarda xanthonephra, circa 1910 Pl.38-32-Naarda xanthonephra Hampson, 1910 (Zambia).JPG
Naarda xanthonephra , circa 1910
Male Naarda egrettoides Naarda egrettoides male.jpg
Male Naarda egrettoides
Female Naarda egrettoides Naarda egrettoides female.jpg
Female Naarda egrettoides
Naarda moth of either the xanthopis or leucopis species. (These species are only distinguishable by analysis of the male genitalia.) Note the dark yellow elongated stomata reflected bilaterally on the forewings. Naarda sp. (13965782423).jpg
Naarda moth of either the xanthopis or leucopis species. (These species are only distinguishable by analysis of the male genitalia.) Note the dark yellow elongated stomata reflected bilaterally on the forewings.
Male Naarda pocstamasi Naarda pocstamasi male.jpg
Male Naarda pocstamasi

Naarda is a large genus of erebid moths which currently encompasses 108 species. [1] [2] Initially identified by Francis Walker in 1866, [3] it is in the family Erebidae. [4] Somewhat ruddy in appearance, this genus is primarily distinguishable for its generally slender thorax and abdomen, and straight, porrect labial palpi. Most species are dark beige, but shading can reach a deep charcoal. Most species possess muddy yellow, reniform, orbicular stigmata featured on the forewings, which is reflected bilaterally superior on some species (though these may be significantly more minute and successively annular).

Contents

Physical features

The wingspan is between 19-22mm, dependent on the species. [5]

The rami of the antenna are, at the maximum of its width, 9-10 times longer than the axis of the antenna, and the apical segments lack the rami.

Aside from the elongated and easily recognizable porrect labial palpi of both sexes, (which are usually 5 times as long as the diameter of the eye, with the tertiary segment comparatively longer), and the relatively broad forewings with straight and even costa, substantial dissimilarity is present in the male sex. [6]

Male

The most prominent autapomorphy is the uncus structure, which resembles the head of a long-billed bird. [7] The uncus has a large, rounded subbasal dorsal bulb bearing a small, acute frontal spine and a large group of long hairs standing apart, (in the likeness of a forelock), and a long, straight, atypically dilated rounded distal section. [7] [3]

Other recurrent traits of the clasping apparatus across the entirety of the Naarda genus include the substantially broad tegumen; the well-developed and stout transtilla; and the variably broad, generally triangular valvae. The entire structure resembles a flying bird. [7] [8]

The phallus is short, straight, and thick; the vesica is inflated and basally broad. In most species, the ductus ejaculatoris is directed forward in the axis of the phallus. The cornutus is variably large, and its texture resembles that of a sponge cake. [7]

Range

Of the 108 known species, virtually the entirety have been discovered in Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa, but a handful are in the northern Australian region. [7]

Countries where Naarda genus has been documented:

Species list

References

  1. ↑ "Naarda (genus)". BayScience Foundation, Inc. 2004–2008. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  2. ↑ "Gynaephila". Mindat. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Tóth, Balázs (23 February 2018). "New data on the taxonomy, morphology and distribution of Naarda ineffectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypeninae)" (PDF). Nota Lepidopterologica. 41 (1): 99–106. doi: 10.3897/nl.41.21584 .
  4. ↑ Savela, Markku (February 24, 2012). "Naarda Walker, 1866". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Tóth, Balázs; Ronkay, László (27 February 2015). "Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 5. Description of 13 new species from Asia". Zootaxa. 3925 (2): 179–201. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.2. PMID   25781738.
  6. ↑ "Naarda Walker, 1866". AfroMoths. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tóth, Balázs; Ronkay, Laslo (15 June 2014). "Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 3. Description of three new species from Asia". Nota Lepidopterologica. 37 (1): 9–18. doi: 10.3897/nl.37.7957 .
  8. ↑ "NAARDA Genus Details". Natural History Museum. NHM. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  9. ↑ "Naarda fuliginaria". Google Info. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  10. ↑ "Naarda Walker, 1866". Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  11. ↑ "SUBFAMILY HERMINIINAE". Moths of Borneo. Southdene Syndication. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  12. ↑ "Naarda Walker, 1866". Funet.fi. Funet. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  13. ↑ Deng, Gang; Han, Hui-Lin (2011). "A new species of Naarda from Southwest China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hypeninae)". Tinea. 21 (5): 256–258. NAID   40019130752.
  14. ↑ Vattakhaven, Thomas. "Naarda molybdota Hampson, 1912". Biodiversity India. Biodiversity Infomatics Program. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  15. ↑ Tóth, B.; Ronkay, L. (2015). "Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 2. Description of ten new species from Asia". Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 61 (1): 3–23. doi: 10.17109/AZH.61.1.3.2015 . hdl: 2437/220487 .
  16. ↑ "Naarda ivelona". Minday. Mindat. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  17. ↑ "Naarda melanomma Hampson, 1902". AfricanMoths. African Moths. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  18. ↑ Tóth, Balázs; Ronkay, László (3 April 2014). "Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda Walker (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 1. Taxonomic notes and description of 28 new species from eastern and southeastern Asia". Oriental Insects. 48 (1–2): 1–49. doi:10.1080/00305316.2014.959790. S2CID   86481569.
  19. ↑ "Naarda Walker". Moths of Borneo. Southdene Syndications. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  20. ↑ International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, 1901-1914, Volumes 8-10 (10 ed.). New Jersey: Mini-Print Corporation. January 1914. p. 362. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  21. ↑ Tóth, Balázs; Ronkay, László (2015). "Revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Naarda (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae). Part 2. Description of ten new species from Asia". Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 61 (1): 3–23. doi: 10.17109/AZH.61.1.3.2015 . hdl: 2437/220487 .
  22. 1 2 3 "Naarda nigripalpis Hampson, 1916". AfricanMoths. AfricanMoths.com. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  23. ↑ "Naarda melanomma Hampson, 1902". AfricanMoths. African Moths. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  24. ↑ "CHECKLIST". MothsofBorneo. Moths of Borneo. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  25. ↑ Tóth, Balázs (June 2019). "Notes on the species of Naarda Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Hypeninae) from mainland China, with the description of a new species and establishment of a new synonymy". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 22 (2): 437–442. doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2019.02.004. S2CID   92807955.
  26. ↑ "Naarda Walker, 1866". AfroMoths. Retrieved 5 May 2021.

Further reading

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