| Notorynchus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Superorder: | Selachimorpha |
| Order: | Hexanchiformes |
| Family: | Hexanchidae |
| Genus: | Notorynchus Ayres, 1855 |
| Species | |
See text | |
Notorynchus is a genus of deepwater sharks in the family Hexanchidae. There is one extant species.
The Hexanchiformes are the order consisting of the most primitive types of sharks, and numbering just seven extant species. Fossil sharks that were apparently very similar to modern sevengill species are known from Jurassic specimens.
The Lamniformes are an order of sharks commonly known as mackerel sharks. It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the great white, as well as more unusual representatives, such as the goblin shark and megamouth shark.
Glyphis is a genus in the family Carcharhinidae, commonly known as the river sharks. They live in rivers or costal regions in and around south-east Asia and parts of Australia.
Cow sharks are a shark family, the Hexanchidae, characterized by an additional pair or pairs of gill slits. Its 37 species are placed within the 10 genera: Gladioserratus, Heptranchias, Hexanchus, Notidanodon, Notorynchus, Pachyhexanchus, Paraheptranchias, Pseudonotidanus, Welcommia, and Weltonia.
The Lamnidae are the family of mackerel sharks known as white sharks. They are large, fast-swimming predatory fish found in oceans worldwide. The name of the family is formed from the Greek word lamna, which means "fish of prey", and was derived from the Greek legendary creature, the Lamia.
Squalicorax, commonly known as the crow shark, is a genus of extinct lamniform shark known to have lived during the Cretaceous period.
The broadnose sevengill shark is the only extant member of the genus Notorynchus, in the family Hexanchidae. It is recognizable because of its seven gill slits, while most shark species have five gill slits, with the exception of the members of the order Hexanchiformes and the sixgill sawshark. This shark has a large, thick body, with a broad head and blunt snout. The top jaw has jagged, cusped teeth and the bottom jaw has comb-shaped teeth. Its single dorsal fin is set far back along the spine towards the caudal fin, and is behind the pelvic fins. In this shark the upper caudal fin is much longer than the lower, and is slightly notched near the tip. Like many sharks, this sevengill is counter-shaded. Its dorsal surface is silver-gray to brown in order to blend with the dark water and substrate when viewed from above. In counter to this, its ventral surface is very pale, blending with the sunlit water when viewed from below. The body and fins are covered in a scattering of small black & white spots. In juveniles, their fins often have white margins.
Myliobatis is a genus of eagle rays in the family Myliobatidae.
Lamna is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, containing two extant species: the porbeagle of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere, and the salmon shark of the North Pacific.
Edaphodon was a prehistoric chimaeriform fish genus of the family Callorhinchidae. So, Edaphodon was a type of rabbitfish, a cartilaginous fish related to sharks and rays. Edaphodon has under 15 known species, all of which are extinct. This genus appeared in Aptian age and vanished in Pliocene. It was most prominent during the Late Cretaceous. All Edaphodon species were situated in the Northern Hemisphere, apart from E. kawai, which was recently discovered in the Chatham Islands near New Zealand and E. eyrensis from the Bulldog Shale of Australia This shows the range of Edaphodon reached further than was previously thought.
Isurus is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, commonly known as the mako sharks.
Carcharias is a genus of sand tiger sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae. Once bearing many prehistoric species, all have gone extinct with the exception of the critically endangered sand tiger shark.
Aetobatus is a genus of eagle rays native to the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. It was formerly placed in Myliobatidae, but is now placed in its own family based on salient differences from myliobatids, especially the pectoral fins joining the head at the level of the eyes.
Hemipristis serra is an extinct species of weasel shark which existed during the Miocene epoch. It was described by Louis Agassiz in 1843. While today's snaggletooth shark is not very large or dangerous, Hemipristis serra, which lived in the Atlantic Ocean during the Oligocene and Miocene, was considerably larger than its modern-day relative and had much larger teeth. Its total length is estimated to be with 6 metres (20 ft) long. Marks made by the teeth of H. serra are often found on the bones of the manatee Metaxytherium leading some scientists to hypothesize that H. serra specialized in preying on these sirenians. In the Gatun Formation of Panama, H. serra was contemporary with pups of the large lamniform shark Otodus megalodon, and both it and the great hammerhead are theorized to have preyed on the pups of this larger shark due to their presence within the formation.
Gladioserratus is an extinct genus of cow shark. It contains three species:
Palaeospinax is an extinct genus of shark which lived from the Early Triassic to the end of the Eocene epoch. Although several species have been described, the genus is considered nomen dubium because the type-specimen of the type species, Paleospinax priscus, lacks appropriate diagnostic characters to define the genus.
Orthacodontidae is an extinct family of sharks in the order Synechodontiformes. It contains twelve species within three genera. Some authors included it into Hexanchiformes or Lamniformes.
Serratolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks belonging to the family Cretoxyrhinidae.
Cladodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes in the family Cladoselachidae. As the name implies, they are a type of cladodont, primitive sharks with teeth designed to snag fish and swallow them whole, instead of sawing off chunks to swallow.
Ctenacanthus is an extinct genus of ctenacanthiform chondrichthyan. Remains have been found in the Bloyd Formation in Arkansas, United States and in South America.
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