Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Benicar |
Other names | Olmesartan medoxomil |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a603006 |
License data |
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Routes of administration | Oral |
ATC code | |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 26% |
Metabolism | Liver (cannot be removed by hemodialysis) |
Elimination half-life | 13 hours |
Excretion | Kidney 40%, bile duct 60% |
Identifiers | |
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CAS Number | |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
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ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.174.243 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C29H30N6O6 |
Molar mass | 558.595 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Olmesartan, sold under the brand name Benicar among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). [1] [2] It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth). [2] Versions are available as the combination olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide and olmesartan/amlodipine. [2] It is available as a prodrug, olmesartan medoxomil.
Common side effects include dizziness, headaches, diarrhea, and back pain. [2] Serious side effects may include kidney problems, low blood pressure, and angioedema. [2] Use in pregnancy may harm the fetus and use when breastfeeding is not recommended. [3] It is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II. [2]
It was patented in 1991 and came into medical use in 2002. [4] It is available as a generic medication. [5] In 2022, it was the 97th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 6 million prescriptions. [6] [7]
In the United States, olmesartan is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in people aged six years of age and older to lower blood pressure. [1]
Olmesartan is used for the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. [8]
Contraindications for treatment with olmesartan include biliary obstruction. Another major contraindication is pregnancy; reports in the scientific literature reveal fetal malformations for pregnant women taking sartan-derived drugs. [9]
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that the benefits of olmesartan continue to outweigh its potential risks when used for the treatment of people with high blood pressure according to the drug label. [10] [11]
The incidence of adverse effects with olmesartan is reported as similar to placebo; the only adverse effect that occurred in >1% of patients treated with it and more frequently than placebo was dizziness (3% vs 1%). Rarely, olmesartan can cause severe gastrointestinal issues. The symptoms, which include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and electrolyte abnormalities, are common among those who have celiac disease. [12] Recent studies suggested this form of sprue-like enteropathy could be caused by the inhibition of TGF-β, a polypeptide cytokine that maintains intestinal homeostasis. However, it is still unclear why this action was never observed with other ARBs. [13] In studies of angiotensin II receptor antagonists such as olmesartan, patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, increases in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen have been reported. There has been no long-term use of olmesartan medoxomil in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, but similar results may be expected. [1]
Olmesartan medoxomil, an ester prodrug, is completely and rapidly hydrolyzed to its active acid form, olmesartan. [14]
It was patented in 1991 and came into medical use in 2002. [4]
Olmesartan and Sevikar HCT combined is marketed worldwide by Daiichi Sankyo, in India by Abbott Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. under the trade name WinBP, by Zydus Cadila under the trade name Olmy, by Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. under the trade name Olvance, Olsar by Unichem Laboratories and in Canada by Schering-Plough as Olmetec. The marketing rights to the brand names Benicar, Benicar HCT, Azor, and Tribenzor in the United States were transferred from Daiichi Sankyo to Cosette in January 2022. [16]
Several preparations containing olmesartan and other antihypertensives are available. Teva Pharmaceuticals produces a formulation containing olmesartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide. [17] Benicar HCT is the brand name of a medication containing olmesartan medoxomil with hydrochlorothiazide. Benitec H, another medication containing olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide, is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline in India.
Olmesartan has demonstrated potential benefits in reducing the progression of atherosclerotic buildup in arteries. In large randomized placebo-controlled or active drug-controlled studies conducted in participants with hypertension, stable angina, or type 2 diabetes, long-term treatment with olmesartan has been shown to reduce the levels of markers of vascular inflammation. [18] This effect was also observed in a high-cholesterol primate test model. [19]
Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. Hydrochlorothiazide is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide medication which inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions from the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, causing a natriuresis. This initially increases urine volume and lowers blood volume. It is believed to reduce peripheral vascular resistance.
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension. Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and can reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used medications are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis), angiotensin II receptor blockers or antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.
Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, coronary artery disease (CAD) and variant angina. It is taken orally.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and sodium retention effects of renin–angiotensin system.
Irbesartan, sold under the brand name Aprovel among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Versions are available as the combination irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide.
Lisinopril is a medication belonging to the drug class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and heart attacks. For high blood pressure it is usually a first-line treatment. It is also used to prevent kidney problems in people with diabetes mellitus. Lisinopril is taken orally. Full effect may take up to four weeks to occur.
Candesartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker used mainly for the treatment of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. Candesartan has a very low maintenance dose. Like olmesartan, the metabolism of the drug is unusual as it is a cascading prodrug. Candesartan has good bioavailibility and is the most potent by weight of the AT-1 receptor antagonists.
Telmisartan, sold under the brand name Micardis among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Versions are available as the combination telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide, telmisartan/cilnidipine and telmisartan/amlodipine.
Benazepril, sold under the brand name Lotensin among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Versions are available as the combinations benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide and benazepril/amlodipine.
Valsartan, sold under the brand name Diovan among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It belongs to a class of medications referred to as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth.
Perindopril is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, or stable coronary artery disease. As a long-acting ACE inhibitor, it works by relaxing blood vessels and decreasing blood volume. As a prodrug, perindopril is hydrolyzed in the liver to its active metabolite, perindoprilat. It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1988.
Aliskiren is the first in a class of drugs called direct renin inhibitors. It is used for essential (primary) hypertension. While used for high blood pressure, other better studied medications are typically recommended due to concerns of higher side effects and less evidence of benefit.
Amlodipine/valsartan, sold under the brand name Exforge among others, is a blood pressure lowering combination drug. It contains amlodipine, as the besilate, a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. This combination is usually well tolerated and effective for the reduction of blood pressure.
Amlodipine/olmesartan, sold under the brand name Azor, among others is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat high blood pressure. It contains amlodipine, as the besilate, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, and olmesartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker.
Azilsartan, sold under the brand name Edarbi among others, is used for the treatment of hypertension. It is used as the prodrug azilsartan medoxomil, is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and was developed by Takeda.
The angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), also called angiotensin (AT1) receptor antagonists or sartans, are a group of antihypertensive drugs that act by blocking the effects of the hormone angiotensin II in the body, thereby lowering blood pressure. Their structure is similar to Ang II and they bind to Ang II receptors as inhibitors, e.g., [T24 from Rhys Healthcare].
Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Diovan HCT among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure when valsartan is not sufficient. It is a combination of valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker with hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic. It is taken by mouth.
An ACE inhibitor and thiazide combination is a drug combination used to treat hypertension. They are given by mouth. ACE inhibitors reduce the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) which produces angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels. Thiazides are a class of diuretics that inhibit the thiazide receptor, thereby increasing urine production and reducing excess water and salt in the body. Several organizations recommend combination therapy for hypertension in cases of failure of a single drug to achieve target blood pressure, or even as a first line treatment for some patients.
Olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Benicar HCT among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat high blood pressure. It is a combination of olmesartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker and hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic. It may be used if olmesartan is not sufficient to manage blood pressure. It is taken by mouth.
Olmesartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Tribenzor among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat high blood pressure. It contains olmesartan medoxomil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, amlodipine, as the besilate, a calcium channel blocker, and hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic. It is taken by mouth.