"A Portuguesa" is the national anthem of Portugal. The song was composed by Alfredo Keil and written by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça during the resurgent nationalist movement ignited by the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal concerning its African colonies. Used as the marching song of the failed republican rebellion of January 1891, in Porto, it was adopted as the national anthem of the newborn Portuguese Republic in 1911, replacing "Hino da Carta", the anthem of the deposed constitutional monarchy.
The "Brazilian National Anthem" was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva in 1831 and had been given at least two sets of unofficial lyrics before a 1922 decree by president Epitácio Pessoa gave the anthem its definitive, official lyrics, by Joaquim Osório Duque-Estrada, after several changes were made to his proposal, written in 1909.
"Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada" is the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau. Written in 1963 by Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973) and composed by Xiao He (1918–2010), it was adopted upon independence from Portugal in 1974.
"Pátria" is the national anthem of East Timor. It was originally adopted when East Timor unilaterally declared its independence from Portugal in 1975. However, this usage would be short-lived, when the country was invaded by Indonesia. It was officially re-adopted when the independence of East Timor was finally restored in 2002 following a United Nations intervention.
FRELIMO is a democratic socialist political party in Mozambique. It is the dominant party in Mozambique and has won a majority of the seats in the Assembly of the Republic in every election since the country's first multi-party election in 1994.
"Cântico da Liberdade" is the national anthem of Cape Verde. It was made official in 1996, replacing "Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada", which was also the national anthem of Guinea Bissau, a legacy of both countries' joint independence. The music was composed by Adalberto Higino Tavares Silva (1961–), and the lyrics were written by Amílcar Spencer Lopes (1948–).
"Viva, Viva a FRELIMO" was the national anthem of Mozambique from independence from Portugal on 25 June 1975 to 30 April 2002, when it was replaced by "Pátria Amada".
José Craveirinha was a Mozambican journalist, story writer and poet, who is today considered the greatest poet of Mozambique. His poems, written in Portuguese, address such issues as racism and the Portuguese colonial domination of Mozambique. A supporter of the anti-Portuguese group FRELIMO during the colonial wars, he was imprisoned in the 1960s. He was one of the African pioneers of the Négritude movement, and published six books of poetry between 1964 and 1997. Craveirinha also wrote under the pseudonyms Mário Vieira, José Cravo, Jesuíno Cravo, J. Cravo, J.C., Abílio Cossa, and José G. Vetrinha.
António Emílio Leite Couto, better known as Mia Couto, is a Mozambican writer. He won the Camões Prize in 2013, the most important literary award in the Portuguese language, and the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 2014.
Luís Bernardo Honwana is a Mozambican author and statesman.
The Catholic Church in Mozambique is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
Electricidade de Moçambique, E.P. is a state-owned energy company of Mozambique, which deals with the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity. EDM was incorporated in 1995 after the privatization of the state-managed enterprise Electricidade de Moçambique, Empresa Estatal (EDM-E.E.), which had been set up in 1977, two years after the independence of Mozambique, by the new government of the People's Republic of Mozambique led by the FRELIMO party. In 1977, EDM emerged from the amalgamation of twenty-five separate generation and distribution units geographically dispersed across Mozambique.
The "Hymn of the Azores" is the official regional anthem used during some ceremonies in the Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. For official purposes, the national anthem, "A Portuguesa", is always used during government events, in sporting venues, and during other civic ceremonies.
The People's Republic of Mozambique was a socialist state that existed in present-day Mozambique from 1975 to 1990.
Christianity is the largest religion in Mozambique, with substantial minorities of the adherents of traditional faiths and Islam.
Filipe Jacinto Nyusi is a Mozambican politician serving since 2015 as the fourth President of Mozambique. He is the current leader of FRELIMO, the party that has governed Mozambique since its independence from Portugal in 1975. Additionally, he has served as the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community since August 2020. During his time in office, President Nyusi has promoted peace and security, and signed multiple agreements with the main opposition parties, RENAMO, to bring a definitive and lasting peace to Mozambique.
Basílio Zefanias Muhate is a Mozambican economist and politician who served as the chairman of the FRELIMO Party's youth organization, the Mozambican Youth Organisation (OJM), and is a member of the Central Committee of FRELIMO since November 2010. Muhate studied economics at Eduardo Mondlane University is a member of the Mozambican Association of Economists (AMECON), blogger columnist and commentator on economics.
Gilles Cistac was a French-Mozambican lawyer specialised in constitutional law. He was shot and killed and political motives were suspected. The RENAMO party organised protests.
Hirondina Joshua, is a Mozambican poet, prose writer and jurist. She is a member of the Mozambican Writers Association. The book Córtex was translated into Spanish and published in Mexico; In Brazil, her book Os Ângulos da Casa was adapted into a modern dance piece. She participated in the Edinburgh International Book Festival, the largest public celebration of the written word in the world.
Mozambican literature refers to the body of written works produced in Mozambique or by Mozambican authors This literature has been shaped by the country's diverse cultures and tumultuous history, including colonialism, independence movements, and civil war. Since Mozambique was part of the Portuguese colonial empire until 1975, there are inevitable overlaps with Portuguese literature. Mozambican literature is very young, as one can only speak of Mozambican national literature in the narrower sense since independence from Portugal in 1975.
