Raj Bhavan (Bihar)

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Raj Bhavan
India Patna locator map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Raj Bhavan in Patna
General information
Architectural style Stripped Neo-Classical [1]
Location Patna, India
Country Flag of India.svg India
Coordinates 25°36′3″N85°6′11″E / 25.60083°N 85.10306°E / 25.60083; 85.10306 Coordinates: 25°36′3″N85°6′11″E / 25.60083°N 85.10306°E / 25.60083; 85.10306
Current tenants H.E. Governor of Bihar (Lalji Tandon)
Construction started 1912
Completed 1917 [1]
Design and construction
Architect Joseph Fearis Munnings

Raj Bhavan or Raj Bhawan (translation: Government House) [2] [3] is the official residence of the Governor of Bihar. [4] [5] It is located in the capital city of Patna, Bihar. The construction of building started in 1912 and was completed in 1917. [1] It was designed by New Zealand-born architect Joseph Fearis Munnings. [6]

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction between translating and interpreting ; under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.

Official residence Residence at which a nations head of state, head of government, governor or other senior figure officially resides

An official residence is the residence at which a nation's head of state, head of government, governor, religious leader, leaders of international organizations, or other senior figure officially resides. It may or may not be the same location where the individual conducts work-related functions or lives.

Patna Metropolis in :Bihar, India

Patna is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. Patna is the second-largest city in Eastern India after Kolkata. It had an estimated city population of 1.68 million in 2011, making it the 19th largest city in India. With over 2 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court.

Contents

Prior to Independence of India - the building was known as Government House and was the official residence of Lt. Governor of Bihar and Orissa from 1917-1920 and then Governor of Bihar and Orissa from 1920-1936. Later on with the division of Bihar and Orissa in 1936, it became the official residence of Governor of Bihar. It is currently known as Raj Bhavan or Governor's House. [7] [8]

View of Government House from S.W. corner (1917) Raj Bhavan Patna.JPG
View of Government House from S.W. corner (1917)
View of Government House from N.E. corner (1917) Raj Bhavan Patna1.JPG
View of Government House from N.E. corner (1917)
Boudoir, First Floor - Government House (1917) Raj Bhavan Patna2.jpg
Boudoir, First Floor - Government House (1917)

History

Bihar and Orissa were part of the Bengal Presidency till 1912. At the Delhi Durbar of 1911 King George V announced the creation of a new province of Bihar and Orissa under a lieutenant-governor. [9] The capital for the new province was chosen as the city of Patna. An old city already existed, but the British government decided to build a new city west of old Patna. The new city was to be known as New Patna and covered an area of approximately three square miles. [10] The site chosen was above an abandoned meander of the Son River. [1]

Bengal Presidency administrative unit in British India

The Bengal Presidency (1757–1912), later reorganized as the Bengal Province (1912–1947), was once the largest subdivision (presidency) of British India, with its seat in Calcutta. It was primarily centred in the Bengal region. At its territorial peak in the 19th century, the presidency extended from the present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in the west to Burma, Singapore and Penang in the east. The Governor of Bengal was concurrently the Viceroy of India for many years. Most of the presidency's territories were eventually incorporated into other British Indian provinces and crown colonies. In 1905, Bengal proper was partitioned, with Eastern Bengal and Assam headquartered in Dacca and Shillong. British India was reorganised in 1912 and the presidency was reunited into a single Bengali-speaking province.

George V King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India

George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.

Bihar and Orissa Province

Bihar and Orissa was a province of British India which included the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and a part of Odisha. The territories were conquered by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and were part of the Bengal Presidency, the largest British province in India.

Mr. Munnings was appointed as Consulting Architect to the Government of Bihar and Orissa in the year 1912 and was tasked with the planning and development of New Patna. [11] He planned and oversaw the construction of several buildings in the area - notable buildings being - Government House, Patna Secretariat, General Post Office, Patna, Commissioner's Court and Patna University campus. [12]

Patna Secretariat

Patna Secretariat, also known as Patna Sachiwalaya or Old Secretariat, is the administrative headquarters of the state Government of Bihar in India. It is located in Bihar's capital city of Patna. This building is situated between two iconic buildings of the city, Raj Bhavan in the west and Patna High Court in the far east.

General Post Office, Patna

The General Post Office, Patna is a British Raj building located in Patna, Bihar, India. It is the central post office of the city of Patna and the headquarters of India Post's Bihar Circle. It is located on the intersection of Buddh Marg and New Market Station Road. The post office handles most of the city's inbound and outbound mails and parcels. As of 2017, GPO Patna delivers 1 lakh letters and parcels daily through 96 postmen. It also has more than 12 lakh savings accounts.

Patna University Patna University, the first university in Bihar, was established in 1917 during the British Raj, and is the seventh oldest university of the Indian subcontinent.

Patna University, the first university in Bihar, was established on 1 October 1917 during the British Raj, and is the sixth oldest university of the Indian subcontinent. At that time, the jurisdiction of the university extended to Bihar, Odisha, and the Kingdom of Nepal. The university oversaw examinations for educational institutions ranging from school finals to the postgraduate levels. This continued almost for four decades, until the establishment of the Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, and the Utkal University, Bhubaneshwar.

Lord Hardinge laid the stone of new buildings in Patna on 1 December 1912. [13] The construction of Government House started in 1912 and was completed in 1917. The building was placed opposite the secretariat and the two buildings were connected by a 200 ft wide road known as King George's Avenue. The avenue was 1 km long and is currently known as Desh Ratna Marg. [14]

Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst British diplomat

Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, was a British diplomat and statesman who served as Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 1910–16.

Building and architecture

The building is a three storied building set out in Palladian form and is constructed in a stripped neo-classical style of architecture with its longitudinal axis running north and south directions. It is constructed in brick and then plastered and also features a hipped Allahabad tiled roof. [1] The ground floor accommodates the offices and the Durbar Hall also known as council chamber, while the first floor has reception rooms. The drawing and dining rooms are also located on the first floor with each measuring 43 by 33 feet. [15]

Palladian architecture Style of architecture derived from the work of Venetian Andrea Palladio

Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from and inspired by the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of Palladio's original concepts. Palladio's work was strongly based on the symmetry, perspective and values of the formal classical temple architecture of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. From the 17th century Palladio's interpretation of this classical architecture was adapted as the style known as Palladianism. It continued to develop until the end of the 18th century.

The Durbar Hall and Ballroom lies on the west of the main block with an area of 65.5 by 43 feet and rise through two floors of the building. The hall is overlooked by colonnaded balconies of the first floor and has a large widening staircase. [15] Both the north and south ends of the main block accommodates the guesthouse block and kitchen. The main block of the house is connected to the kitchen by a connecting bridge. Munnings designed the house with each floor having distinctive functions - ground floor for offices, first floor for reception rooms and second floor for main bedrooms. [1]

The top floor consists of bedrooms - 15 in total - each having its own bathroom and furnished with electric ceiling fans, a luxury item at that time. Munnings also installed lifts at both ends of the main building. The notable design features of the building are decorative plaster work in the drawing, dining rooms and the Durbar Hall. The expanded metal plastered ceilings and jack arch flooring are also distinctive features inside the building. [1] The floor of Durbar Hall is made up of teak planking supported on springs which also doubled up as a ballroom. [15] The house also features highly decorative marble fireplaces and mouldings. [1]

Compound

The Government House at Patna was planned on a compound of 100 acres in area. The campus contained a number of lawn tennis courts between the two main approach drives. [15] A compound wall surrounds the house and Munnings also designed the main gate piers and police barracks to guard the entrance. The gardens in the campus was designed by Munnings and Mr. Head - then Superintendent of the Government Parks and Gardens, Allahabad - in 1916. [1]

Donation of land to Patna Zoo

In 1970, then Governor of Bihar - Nityanand Kanungo - donated 34 acres of land from the Governor House campus for the establishment of a Botanical Garden. [16]

Location

Raj Bhavan is located in Rajbansi locality of Patna. The roundabout in front of the main gate of Governor's House has a statue of Rajendra Prasad - the first President of India. Desh Ratna Marg - Desh Ratna is an honorary title given to Rajendra Prasad - connects the Raj Bhavan to Patna Secretariat, while Anne Marg at approximately an angle of 45 degrees in south east direction connects to the residence of Chief Minister of Bihar - 1 Anne Marg. Raj Bhavan is around 3 km from Patna airport and around 5 km from Patna Junction.

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Roberts, Heulwen. "ARCHITECT OF EMPIRE: JOSEPH FEARIS MUNNINGS 1879-1937". Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  2. ↑ Tewary, Amarnath (26 February 2018). "Bihar Opposition march to Raj Bhavan to demand arrest of BJP leader". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  3. ↑ "Bihar Governor expresses grief over Muzaffarpur accident". www.aninews.in. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  4. ↑ "Bihar hit-and-run case: Nitish govt shielding 'drunk' BJP leader, alleges Tejashwi". The Indian Express. 26 February 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  5. ↑ "Bihar CM Nitish Kumar mends fences with Raj Bhawan, hosts dinner for new Governor DY Patil". India Today. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  6. ↑ General, India Office of the Registrar (1973). Census of India, 1971: Special all India census tables. A. (i,iii) General population tables (2 v.) (ii) Union primary census abstract. B. (i-v) General economic tables (6 v.) C. (i-iii) Social and cultural tables (4 v.) D. Migration tables. Manager of Publications. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018.
  7. ↑ "Bihar police file FIR against BJP leader for mowing down 9 school children". 27 February 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  8. ↑ "Union Minister Giriraj Singh booked in land grabbing case in Patna". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 8 February 2018. ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  9. ↑ "Hardinge Park turns 102; viceroy statue's pedestal demolished". Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  10. ↑ "Manoj Kumar Singh vs State Of Bihar And Ors. on 16 May, 2002". indiankanoon.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  11. ↑ Scriver, Peter; Srivastava, Amit (15 February 2015). India: Modern Architectures in History. Reaktion Books. ISBN   9781780234687. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018.
  12. ↑ India, Press Trust of (3 February 2016). "Patna High Court building glows with pride at 100". India.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  13. ↑ "Kerosene lamps illuminated Patna in 1912 - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  14. ↑ "जानिए अंग्रेजों के किंग जार्ज एवेन्यू और आज के पुराना सचिवालय की विशेषता". dainikbhaskar (in Hindi). 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  15. 1 2 3 4 O`malley, L. S. S. (1924). Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers Patna. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN   9788172681210. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018.
  16. ↑ "SANJAY GANDHI BIOLOGICAL PARK". www.zoopatna.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
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