Red-winged parrot

Red-winged parrot
A pair (female on left and male on right)
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittaculidae
Genus:	Aprosmictus
Species:	A. erythropterus
Binomial name
Aprosmictus erythropterus (Gmelin, 1788)
Distribution of the red-winged parrot
Synonyms
Psittacus erythropterus

The red-winged parrot (Aprosmictus erythropterus) is a parrot native to Australia and New Guinea. It is found in grasslands, savannah, farmland, and woodland.

Taxonomy

The red-winged parrot was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae . He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus erythropterus. ^[2] Gmelin based his description on the "crimson-winged parrot" that had been described in 1781 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds. ^[3] The red-winged parrot is now placed with the jonquil parrot in the genus Aprosmictus that was introduced in 1842 by the English ornithologist John Gould. ^{[4] [5]} The genus name is from the Ancient Greek απροσμικτος/aprosmiktos meaning "unsociable" or "solitary". The specific epithet erythropterus combines the Ancient Greek ερυθρος/eruthros meaning "red" with -πτερος/-pteros meaning "-winged. ^[6] Alternative common names include crimson-winged parrot and blood-winged parrot. ^[7]

Two subspecies are recognised: ^[5]

• A. e. coccineopterus (Gould, 1865) – Trans-Fly (south-central New Guinea) and Kimberley region, northeast Northern Territory to Cape York Peninsula, northeast Queensland (north Australia)
• A. e. erythropterus (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – east-central Queensland to central New South Wales (east-central Australia)

Naturally-occurring hybrids with the Australian king parrot (Alisterus scapularis) have been recorded from Bell in southeastern Queensland. ^[8]

Description

The red-winged parrot is typically about 30 to 33 cm (12–13 in) in length. Both sexes have bright red wings and a bright green body. The male birds have a black nape, lower blue back and rump with a yellow tip on their tail, an orange bill and grey feet. The female birds have a yellowish-green body and the wings have red and pink trimmings. Also distinguishing the females are dark irises and the lower back is a light blue colour. Juveniles have orange/yellow beaks and pale brown irises, and otherwise resemble females in colouration. Males develop adult plumage at about the age of two years and females at the age of about a year and a half.

Distribution and habitat

Their range is from the Pilbara, Western Australia to Cape York Peninsula, Queensland (to be seen almost all over Queensland) and as south as northeast South Australia. They are occasionally spotted in south New Guinea. ^[9] These birds inhabit riverine forests, forest edges, acacia scrub, savanna, mangroves, and farmlands. They are seen often in pairs or flocks near water.

Behaviour

Breeding

The birds typically breed in spring and summer, but breeding times depends on their location. A hollow space in a tree at a height of 11 m from the ground usually acts as nest for breeding . Generally, three to six white eggs are laid per season, the eggs being 31 mm in length. The female incubates while the male searches for food. The chicks stay with their parents for about five weeks. It has been hybridised with the Australian king parrot.^{[ citation needed ]} The hybrid is fertile and breeds true to form. ^{[ citation needed ]}

Food and feeding

Their diet typical consists of seeds from eucalyptus, acacia, berries, flowers, and insects. The birds' call are ching-ching, chink-chink or thin screeching.

Gallery

• 
  An immature male at Honolulu Zoo, Hawaii, USA.
• 
  Female at Adelaide Zoo, Australia
• 
  Juvenile in an aviary
• Carpet Springs, SW Queensland, Australia
• 
  Red-winged parrot feeding on unknown fruit

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Aprosmictus erythropterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22685069A93057458. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685069A93057458.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
2. Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 343.
3. Latham, John (1781–1785). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 1, Part 2. London: Printed for Benj. White. p. 299.
4. Gould, John (1842). The Birds of Australia. Vol. 1. London: self. p. lxv.
5. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
6. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp.  51, 150. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
7. Lendon, Alan H. (1973). Australian Parrots in Field and Aviary. Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson. p. 129. ISBN   0-207-12424-8.
8. Seton, Don; Seton, Bernice; Wilson, Malcolm; Wilson, Marjorie (2005). "A hybrid of Australian king-parrot Alisterus scapularis and red-winged parrot Aprosmictus erythropterus at Bell". The Sunbird: Journal of the Queensland Ornithological Society. 35 (2): 1–3.
9. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2019-08-30.

• Pizzey and Knight, Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Angus & Robertson, ISBN   0-207-19691-5

External links

• Video of Red-winged Parrot from western Qld on YouTube
• World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia - Species Profiles