Sadaat-e-Bara

Last updated

Sadaat-e-Bara or Sadaat Bahera
Nawab-Mohsin-ul-Mulk.jpg
Mohsin-ul-Mulk, a member of the Sadaat-e-Bara
Regions with significant populations
• India • Pakistan
Languages
UrduHindiAwadhi
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
SayyidUrdu-speaking peopleArabSayyid of Uttar PradeshSadaat AmrohaGardezi Sadaat • Sadaat-e-Sirsi * Sadaat-e-Bilgram • Sadaat-e-Saithal

Sadat e-Bara sometimes pronounced Sadaat-e-Bahara, are a tribe of Indian Muslim Sayyids, originally Elite or Noble Sayyid families situated in the Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in India. [1] This community had considerable influence during the reign of the Mughal Empire. Its members were also found in Karnal District and Haryana, Gujarat & Karnataka, Maharashtra state in India. Some of the members of this community have migrated to Pakistan after independence and have settled in Karachi, Khairpur State in Sind and Lahore.[ citation needed ]

Contents

History

Role in the Mughal empire

The Decapitation of Khan Jahan Lodi (3 February 1631), with Syed Mian Barha on the right and Khan-i Jahan Muzaffar Khan Barha on the left The Decapitation of Khan Jahan Lodi.jpg
The Decapitation of Khan Jahan Lodi (3 February 1631), with Syed Mian Barha on the right and Khan-i Jahan Muzaffar Khan Barha on the left
The Sayyid Brothers were de-facto rulers of the Mughal Empire in the 1710s India in 1700 Joppen.jpg
The Sayyid Brothers were de-facto rulers of the Mughal Empire in the 1710s

The Barha Sayyid tribe was famous throughout the country for its obstinate valour and love of fight, as well as religious fervour. [3] [ page needed ] The tribe traditionally composed the vanguard of the imperial army, which they alone held the hereditary right to lead in every battle. [4] [ full citation needed ]

Aurangzeb's warning to his sons to be cautious in dealing with the Sayyids of Barha, "...because a strong partner in government soon wants to seize the kingship for himself", would eventually become true. [5] [6] [7]

Six years after the death of Aurangzeb, the Barhas became kingmakers in the Mughal empire under Qutub-ul-Mulk and Ihtisham-ul-Mulk, creating and deposing Mughal emperors at will. [8]

After the Mughal empire

The Barha Sayyids regained many of their estates from the Marathas and regained their status in the parganah by the time of British arrival. [9]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I</span> 18th-century Nizam of Hyderabad

Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi also known as Chin Qilich Qamaruddin Khan, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah and Nizam I, was the first Nizam of Hyderabad. He was married to the daughter of a Syed nobleman of Gulbarga. He began his career as a favourite of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who made him a general. Following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, Asaf Jah refused to favour any one of Aurangzeb's warring sons and as such remained neutral. When Aurangzeb's third son Bahadur Shah ultimately emerged victorious, Asaf Jah was rotated as governor of multiple Mughal provinces until 1714, when he was created Viceroy of the Deccan with authority over six Mughal provinces in southern India from 1714 to 1719. From 1719 onwards he was involved in combating the intrigues of the Sayyid brothers. From 1720 to 1722 he helped the new Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah eliminate the Sayyid brothers and was rewarded by being elevated to the grand viziership from 1722 to 1724.

The surname Al-Zaidi (Az-Zaidi) can denote one or both of the following:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sayyid dynasty</span> Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate (1414–1451)

The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years. The first ruler of the dynasty, Khizr Khan, who was the Timurid vassal of Multan, conquered Delhi in 1414, while the rulers proclaimed themselves the Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate under Mubarak Shah, which succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the Sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty in 1451.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad Shah</span> Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748

Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, he ascended the throne at the young age of 16, under their strict supervision.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nizam of Hyderabad</span> Historic monarch of the Hyderabad State of India

Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad State. Nizam is a shortened form of Niẓām ul-Mulk, which means Administrator of the Realm, and was the title bestowed upon Asaf Jah I when he was appointed Viceroy of the Deccan by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar. In addition to being the Mughal Viceroy (Naib) of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I was also the premier courtier of the Mughal Empire until 1724, when he established the independent monarchy of Hyderabad and adopted the title "Nizam of Hyderabad".

Barha may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muzaffarnagar district</span> District of Uttar Pradesh in India

Muzaffarnagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is part of Saharanpur division. The city of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters. This district is the part of National Capital Region.

Ali Muhammad Khan was a Rohilla chief of Jat descent who founded the Kingdom of Rohilkhand in the northwestern region of the Uttar Pradesh state of India. He succeeded his foster father Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla at the age of fourteen and was generally regarded as a non-oppressive ruler to the masses. He was well regarded for his political ability, and was granted the right to use India's highest insignia of the Mahseer by the Emperor Muhammad Shah. His young death along with the tender age of his children led to Hafiz Rehmat Khan's regency which was in large part governed against his wishes, despite Rehmat Khan's solemn oath on the Quran to fulfil dying Ali Mohammad's will.

Jansath is a town and a nagar panchayat in Muzaffarnagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sayyid brothers</span> Nobles in the Mughal Empire

The term Sayyid brothers refers to Syed Abdullah Khan and Syed Husain Ali Khan, who were two powerful nobles during the decline of the Mughal Empire.

Dost Mohammad Khan was the founder of Bhopal State in central India. He founded the modern city of Bhopal, the capital of the modern day Madhya Pradesh state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha</span> One of the Sayyid Brothers, key figure in the Mughal Empire under Farrukhsiyar

Nawab Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha, also known as Qutub-ul-Mulk, Nawab Sayyid Mian II, Abdullah Khan II, was one of the Sayyid Brothers, and a key figure in the Mughal Empire under Farrukhsiyar.

Muhajir culture is the culture of the various Muslims of different ethnicities who migrated mainly from North India in 1947 generally to Karachi, the federal capital of Pakistan and before 1947 Karachi is the capital of Sindh. They consist of various ethnicities and linguistic groups. The Muhajirs are mainly concentrated in Karachi and Hyderabad.

Punjabi Muslims are adherents of Islam who identify ethnically, linguistically, culturally, and genealogically as Punjabis. With a population of more than 109 million, they are the largest ethnic group in Pakistan and the world's third-largest Islam-adhering ethnicity after Arabs and Bengalis. The majority of Punjabi Muslims are adherents of Sunni Islam, while a minority adhere to Shia Islam. They are primarily geographically native to the Punjab province of Pakistan, but many have ancestry from the Punjab region as a whole.

Mubariz Khan was the Mughal governor of Gujarat and Hyderabad Subah. He was the governor of Golconda from 1713 to 1724 until he was killed during the Battle of Shakar Kheda where he fought against Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I. His is known to have ruled Golconda with a free hand and brought it under stable rule from constant Maratha Raids to extract Chauth. He is generally described as a proto-dynastic figure by John F Richards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha</span> Nawab of Aurangabad

Nawab Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha, officially Ihtisham-ul-Mulk, was a kingmaker of the later Mughal Period. Best known for ordering the death of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar largely in attempt to halt the numerous assaination attempts that the latter had ordered against him and his brother Abdullah Khan Barha. Hussain Ali Khan rose as a kingmaker in early 18th century India, when he was also the ruler of Aurangabad, ruler of Ajmer by proxy and Subahdar of the Deccan

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barha dynasty</span>

The Barha dynasty was a Shi'a Indian Muslim dynasty of Sayyid origin, descending from the 7th-century AD caliph Ali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urdu-speaking people</span>

Native speakers of Urdu are spread across South Asia. The vast majority of them are Muslims of the Hindi–Urdu Belt of northern India, followed by the Deccani people of the Deccan plateau in south-central India, the Muhajir people of Pakistan, Muslims in the Terai of Nepal, and the Biharis and Dhakaiyas of Old Dhaka in Bangladesh. The historical centres of Urdu speakers include Delhi and Lucknow, as well as the Deccan, and in the modern era, Karachi. Another defunct variety of the language was historically spoken in Lahore for centuries before the name "Urdu" first began to appear. However, little is known about this defunct Lahori variety as it has not been spoken for centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roshan-ud-Daulah</span> Mughal Empire figure

Roshan-ud-Daulah's original name was Khwaja Muzaffar Panipati, who was given the title Turra-i-Baz Roshan-ud-Daulah Zafar Khan. He was the Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Muhammad Shah. He was known by the nickname Turra-i-Baz(falcon's crest) as Roshan-ud-Daula and all his men wore their turbans in the same way, with an end sticking out.

Sayyid Salabat Khan Zulfiqar Jang was a Mughal noble of Kashmiri descent and the Mir Bakhshi and Amir-ul-Umara of Ahmad Shah Bahadur.

References

  1. Markovits, Claude (2002). A History of Modern India, 1480-1950. Anthem Press. p. 175. ISBN   9781843310044.
  2. Journal of Indian HistoryVolume 39. Department of Modern Indian History. 1960. p. 21.
  3. Mohammad Yasin · (1958). A Social History of Islamic India, 1605-1748.
  4. Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research (1975). Journal of the Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research: Volume 12. Rajasthan Institute of Historical Research.
  5. Muhammad Umar (1998). Muslim Society in Northern India During the Eighteenth Century. Available with the author. p. 22. ISBN   9788121508308.
  6. Jadunath Sarkar (1963). Anecdotes of Aurangzeb. p. 48.
  7. Sheikh Muhammad (1998). History of Muslim Civilization in India and PakistanA Political and Cultural History. Institute of Islamic Culture. p. 331. ISBN   9789694690018.
  8. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 193. ISBN   978-9-38060-734-4.
  9. Madan Prasad Bezbaruah, Dr. Krishna Gopal (2003). Fairs and Festivals of India-Volume 3. Indiana University. p. 470. ISBN   9788121208109.